The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided the means of persuasion into three categories:

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

1.Ethos: ethical appeal

2.Pathos: emotional

appeal

3.Logos: logical appeal

Credibility or ethical appealPersuading your audience by convincing someone of your character or authorityExample: you would probably not

listen to a homeless man give a speech on how to be in successful in life – his credibility is FLAWED.

Emotional appealPersuading your audience by appealing to their emotions and tugging on their heartstrings. Example: SPCA commercials

Logical appealPersuading your audience through facts, reasoning, and research.Example: statistics, graphs, charts,

percentages, etc.

A child asks his parents why he

has to go to bed.

“Because, as you know, I love you and want the best for you, and I said so.”•This argument is based on the parent’s authority and trustworthiness.

“Because the boogey man and the monster that lives in your closet will get you and because Santa won’t bring you any toys.” •This argument plays on emotions of fear and worry.

“Because you’re growing. You need your rest and you had a long day today.”•This argument has good reasoning to back up its claims.

Ethos: Ethics

Pathos: Passion/emotion

Logos: Logic