1. The morphology and biology of the fungi
Classification of medically important fungi
• Fungal morphology and structure • Antifungal - Mechanisms of action • Fungi - biology and physiology• Fungal infections (FI) - classification
1. The morphology and biology of the fungi
Classification of medically important fungi
• Fungal morphology and structure • Antifungal - Mechanisms of action • Fungi - biology and physiology• Fungal infections (FI) - classification
The goal of teaching: 2. Common fungi which primarily cause skin,
hair and nail FI • Malassezia - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis of pitiriasis versicolor,
Pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis • Trichophyton - morphology, biology• Microsporum - morphology, biology• Epidermophyton - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis of dermatophytoses
2. Common fungi which primarily cause skin, hair and nail FI
• Malassezia - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis of pitiriasis versicolor,
Pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis • Trichophyton - morphology, biology• Microsporum - morphology, biology• Epidermophyton - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis of dermatophytoses
3. Common fungi which causes superficial / invasive / oprtunistic FI
• Candida - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis • Cryptococcus - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis • Aspergillus - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis • Fusarium - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis
3. Common fungi which causes superficial / invasive / oprtunistic FI
• Candida - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis • Cryptococcus - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis • Aspergillus - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis • Fusarium - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis
4. Other fungi which causes superficial / invasive oprtunistic FI
• Penicillium - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis • Zygomycetes (Mucor, Rhisopus, Absidia) -
morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis • Pneumocystis - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis
4. Other fungi which causes superficial / invasive oprtunistic FI
• Penicillium - morphology, biology
Pathogenesis • Zygomycetes (Mucor, Rhisopus, Absidia) -
morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis • Pneumocystis - morphology, biology.
Pathogenesis
Zygomycetes/Mucormycetes
genus Mucor, genus Rhisopus
genus Absidia
Zygomycetes/Mucormycetes
genus Mucor, genus Rhisopus
genus Absidia
Mucor Absidia Rhizopus
Zygomycetes (mucoraceae, phycomycetes) Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia
Ubiquitous fungi, contaminants, and cause of acute - severe infections, fulminant course
Ubiquitous fungi, contaminants, and cause of acute - severe infections, fulminant course
Mucor
Culture Preparation from a culture (sporangium with sporangiospores)
Aseptate hyphae
Rhizoid - “stolon”
Aseptate hyphae
Rhizoid - “stolon”
Rhizopus oryzae
Rhizopus; zygomycosis, phycomycosis, mucormycosis
Rhizopus
Absidia
Fast growing colonies, wooly or
cotton, white to light gray Spherical sporangium -wide neck
cup-shaped columella
Zygomycosis/mucormycosis/phycomycosis
Acute fungal disease Spores enter after
trauma ketoacidosis
Acute fungal disease Spores enter after
trauma ketoacidosis
Diseases:• rhinocerebral
(nasal mucosa-paranasal sinuses, bone, orbit, CNS)
• thoracic (lungs, dissemination)
• abodminal• primary cutaneous form
(burns)
Diseases:• rhinocerebral
(nasal mucosa-paranasal sinuses, bone, orbit, CNS)
• thoracic (lungs, dissemination)
• abodminal• primary cutaneous form
(burns)
Rhinocerebral zygomycosis Subcutaneous zygomycosis
Zygomycosis
LDg/DMP PH culture (rapid growth)
LDg/DMP PH culture (rapid growth)
MM2MM2
Lung zygomycosis
Lung hyphae (H&E)
Penicillium spp.Penicillium spp.
Penicillium Mildew
Pure culture
Mixed culture
(different mould)
Mould, ubiquitous fungi, contaminantsMould, ubiquitous fungi, contaminants
Culture Preparation from a culture
Penicillium
• Penicilliosis: lung (rarely dissemination)
keratitis
otomycosis
onychomycosis• Mycoallergosis• Mycotoxicosis
• P. marneffei – Asia, disseminated infection, AIDS
Penicillium
PneumocystisPneumocystis
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. carinii)
• Extracellular pathogen, respiratory tract, an opportunist
• Cycle - trophozoites (polymorphic-unicellular forms 1-2.5 μm)precyst (sporocyst, 4-5 μm)cysts (spores) 5-8 μm with 8 intracystic bodies (octet)
• Reproduction - asexual and sexual
• Extracellular pathogen, respiratory tract, an opportunist
• Cycle - trophozoites (polymorphic-unicellular forms 1-2.5 μm)precyst (sporocyst, 4-5 μm)cysts (spores) 5-8 μm with 8 intracystic bodies (octet)
• Reproduction - asexual and sexual
• Cosmopolitan distribution - healthy carriers, rodents, dogs, cats (only human infection with human types?)
• Pathogenicity - adherence to pneumocyte in alveola in lungs, pleuritis, rare hematogenous
dissemination
• Cosmopolitan distribution - healthy carriers, rodents, dogs, cats (only human infection with human types?)
• Pathogenicity - adherence to pneumocyte in alveola in lungs, pleuritis, rare hematogenous
dissemination
P. jirovecii (P. carinii)
PCP (Chest radiography)
BAL- cysts (100X)
LDg/ DMP PH Ag
PCRCan not be cultivated!!! MM2MM2
Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)
Granularni eksudat u plućima
Staining of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) is used for the diagnosis.
Cyst wall is stained, and cysts resemble the "indented" ping-pong balls.
Parasites within the cysts can not be seen
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. carinii)