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The Gold Rushes of the 1860s How significant was the impact of the gold rushes on New Zealand, as a growing nation? 1

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Introduction: The Situation 2

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Introduction: Revision Activity Breaks Please look to the Resource Sheet in front of you 3

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Introduction: At the end of the Lesson Prize winner: most successful William Historical ideas -New Zealands economy comprised of sustainable and unsustainable industries -The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes -The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies -The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people 4

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New Zealands economy comprised of sustainable and unsustainable industries Early New Zealand Potatoes and pigs were popular items traded by Maori. A scene from North Cape. Whales were prized for their oil, baleen and ambergris. 5

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New Zealands economy comprised of sustainable and unsustainable industries Types of Industries Sustainable: those industries which make use of a resource, without depleting or damaging it, for long term use. Unsustainable: those industries which make use of a resource, but in a way that depletes or damages so to comprise its use for the long term. So where does gold fit in? 6

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Activity One: Sustainable vs. Unsustainable Do now Get up from your desks! Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to mine in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 7

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The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes Resources and Settlement 8

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The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes Numbers YearMaoriPakeha 184070,000 - 90,0002,000 185860,000 187137,520254,928 9

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The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes North Island vs. South Island Most Maori lived in the North Island. Two-thirds of Maori lived north of Lake Taupo. 57% of Pakeha lived in the North Island in 1858. 63% of Pakeha lived in the South Island in 1867. 51% of Pakeha lived in the North Island in 1896. North Island regained its dominance, and it has remained this way since. 10

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Activity Two: Population Distribution Do now Get up from your desks! Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to mine in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 11

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The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Major Gold Rushes 1) 1852: Charles Ring makes first discovery of payable gold. 2) 1861: Gabriels gully almost instantly becomes a canvas town the first gold rush. 3) 1862: 40kg deposit of gold made by Irish Christopher Reilly and American Horatio Hartley. Major rush to Dunstan. Thames 1867-68 Marlborough 1864 West Coast 1864-67 1 2 3 Otago 1861-64 12

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The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Types of Gold Mining Alluvial - v for rivers (Small scale) -Picks -Shovels -Cradles -Sluice-boxes -Little capital Cradle Sluice-box 13

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The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Types of Gold Mining Alluvial - v for rivers (Large scale) -Dams -Hydraulic power (flumming) -Companies raised capital and used wage labour 14

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The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Types of Gold Mining Quartz r for rocks (Large scale) -Machinery and technology needed to drive mines and break up rock -Began in Thames in 1867-1868. Used in Reefton in 1873 -Partnerships and companies set up, with the ability to pay workers. Quartz minings long-term nature meant it typically led to more permanent settlement 15

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The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Alluvial or Quartz? Dillmanstown, West Coast 16

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Activity Three: Alluvial vs. Quartz Mining Do now Get up from your desks! Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to mine in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 17

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The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people European Miners 18

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The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people Maori Miners Hori Watene described gold as a curse, because it raised Pakeha interest in their lands. 19

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The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people Chinese Miners Mr Punchs Welcome, Otago 1865 20

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Activity Four: Impacts of Gold Do now Get up from your desks! This is our last activity. Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to mine in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 21

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Prize Winner: Most Successful William Do now Total up the amount of gold nuggets you collected out of 40. And the most successful William was Thank you for your concentration for this lesson! 22

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Bibliography Slide 4, left image: Maori bargaining with a pakeha - Economy - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/economy/9/2http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/economy/9/2 Slide 4, right image: Trade - TREATY 2 U. (n.d.). TREATY 2U. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://www.treaty2u.govt.nz/maori-and-the- british/trade/index.htmhttp://www.treaty2u.govt.nz/maori-and-the- british/trade/index.htm Slide 5, image: Central Otago Gold | discover New Zealand's goldmining history. (n.d.). Our Story | Central Otago, New Zealand | Explore New Zealand's most beautiful landscape. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://www.aworldofdifference.co.nz/central-otago-new-zealand/central-otago- gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.htmlhttp://www.aworldofdifference.co.nz/central-otago-new-zealand/central-otago- gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.html Slide 5, quote: Gold mining and sustainability: A critical reflection. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Gold_mining_and_sustainability:_A_critical_reflection http://www.eoearth.org/article/Gold_mining_and_sustainability:_A_critical_reflection Slide 6, image: Central Otago Gold | discover New Zealand's goldmining history. (n.d.). Our Story | Central Otago, New Zealand | Explore New Zealand's most beautiful landscape. Retrieved July 10, 2012, from http://www.aworldofdifference.co.nz/central-otago-new-zealand/central-otago- gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.htmlhttp://www.aworldofdifference.co.nz/central-otago-new-zealand/central-otago- gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.html Slide 13, left image: Historic Placer Mining Technologies, The Rocker or Cradle. (n.d.). Nevada Outback Gems. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://nevada-outback-gems.com/historic_mine_tech/rocker_cradle.htm http://nevada-outback-gems.com/historic_mine_tech/rocker_cradle.htm Slide 13, right image: Prospecting for Gold. (n.d.). wut2 | Welcome to the world of adventure-Activities-News and much more. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://wut2.com/Activities/Prospecting/prospecting_for_gold.htmhttp://wut2.com/Activities/Prospecting/prospecting_for_gold.htm 23

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Slide 14, image: Dillman Town, by James Ring, ca. 1870s. Alexander Turnbull Library. 1/2-044217-F | Services to Schools. (n.d.). Services to Schools | Supporting literacy and learning. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/culture-identity-heritage/primary- sources/gallery/free-use-gallery/dillman-town-james-ring-ca-1870s-http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/culture-identity-heritage/primary- sources/gallery/free-use-gallery/dillman-town-james-ring-ca-1870s- Slide 16, image: OurSpace. (n.d.). OurSpace. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://www.ourspace.tepapa.com/media/6747http://www.ourspace.tepapa.com/media/6747 Slide 18, images: Walrond, C. (n.d.). Miners origins - Gold and gold mining - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/gold-and-gold-mining/9/2http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/gold-and-gold-mining/9/2 Slide 19, image: Mere pounamu, Hauraki tribes - Pounamu jade or greenstone - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/pounamu-jade-or-greenstone/7/1http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/pounamu-jade-or-greenstone/7/1 Slide 20, image: Mr Punchs welcome - Gold and gold mining - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/gold-and-gold-mining/10/3http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/gold-and-gold-mining/10/3 Chinese mining legacy: New Zealand Historic Places Trust Pouhere Taonga. (n.d.). Home: New Zealand Historic Places Trust Pouhere Taonga. Retrieved July 19, 2012, from http://www.historic.org.nz/en/Publications/HeritageNZMagazine/HeritageNz2003/HNZ03-RichHistory.aspxhttp://www.historic.org.nz/en/Publications/HeritageNZMagazine/HeritageNz2003/HNZ03-RichHistory.aspx Ethnic Minorities Gold in New Zealand. (n.d.). Gold in New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from http://goldminingonline.wordpress.com/ethnic-minorities/ http://goldminingonline.wordpress.com/ethnic-minorities/ Gardner, P. (n.d.). Gold Mining in 19th Century New Zealand. M GOLD, AGRICULTURE, PASTORALISM and TIMBER. Retrieved June 11, 2012, from http://mags13history.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+significance+of+Gold+Mining+in+New+Zealand+book.pdf http://mags13history.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+significance+of+Gold+Mining+in+New+Zealand+book.pdf Langton, G., Taylor, B., & Hasler, J. B. (2000). Year 13 history, New Zealand in the 19th century: study guide. Auckland, N.Z.: ESA Publications. Please note: Any image which is not referenced was obtained via the ClipArt tool from Microsoft PowerPoint 24