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The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation Preparation for the for the JourneyJourney
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and BeyondJourney of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and DeedJourney with Jesus: In Word and Deed
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation for the Journey
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed
Introduction1:1-4
…that you might know the certainty of the things you have been told
Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3Therefore, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.
Prologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to Luke
Ancient Oral World Ancient Oral World • Book (Greek, Book (Greek, BiblionBiblion; Latin, ; Latin, volumenvolumen, roll), roll)• ““First Sentence”First Sentence”
Quintilian: Prefaces in oral speeches should prepare Quintilian: Prefaces in oral speeches should prepare audiences so that they will desire to listen to the speech audiences so that they will desire to listen to the speech as a whole, by rendering them well disposed, attentive, as a whole, by rendering them well disposed, attentive, and ready for instruction (see and ready for instruction (see Ins.Ins. Orat.Orat. 4.1.5 and 4.1.5 and Aristotle Aristotle RhetoricRhetoric 3.14). 3.14).
This also sets the work within the larger context of This also sets the work within the larger context of existing works existing works
Prologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to Luke
One sentence – Five clauses – BalancedOne sentence – Five clauses – Balanced
Prologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to Luke
1.1. Many have undertakenMany have undertaken
2.2. To set down an orderly accountTo set down an orderly account
3.3. The events that have been fulfilled among The events that have been fulfilled among usus
4.4. From the beginningFrom the beginning
5.5. Just as they were handed down to usJust as they were handed down to us
1.1. [[ThereforeTherefore] I too decided] I too decided
2.2. To write an orderly accountTo write an orderly account
3.3. After investigating After investigating everythingeverything
4.4. From the very firstFrom the very first
5.5. So that you may know So that you may know certaintycertainty
1:1-2 1:3-4CausationCausation
ClimaxClimax
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
Formal, literary; different from rest of the book.
The style is introduced in 1:1 as a narrative or story (dih,ghsij) but it is one account among others
What othersWhat others?
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
The style is further refined in 1:3 when Luke says, “it seemed good also to me to write an orderly accountorderly account for you”
What order?What order?
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke What order? Based upon MarkWhat order? Based upon Mark1.1. Anointing story of Jesus (Luke 7:36-40)Anointing story of Jesus (Luke 7:36-40)
2.2. Last Supper sceneLast Supper scene (contains farewell discourse; 22:14-38)
3. The mockery of Jesusmockery of Jesus preceded rather than follows his interrogation of the Sanhedrin (22:63-65)
4.4. Mockery of RomanMockery of Roman soldiers is dropped
5. How about the addition of
a. the Trial before Herod,
b. Jesus’ address to the women on the way to the cross
c. the repentance of the theif on the cross, sayings from the
cross?
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
Comments of Papias about Mark,
“Mark became Peter’s interpreter (hermeneutes) and wrote accurately whatever he remembered, but not in but not in order of the things said or done by order of the things said or done by the Lordthe Lord.”
Eusebius (H.E. 3.39.14-17)
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
Notice how in 1:4, Luke clearly ties the orderly account with the question of truth/certainty
Orderly account Certaintyi[na
Result Clause
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
Luke is a 2nd (3rd ?) generation Christian, standing on others’ shoulders (scrolls?)
Note his use of 2nd person pronounsHe has models before him (1:1,2)He has a message to contribute (1:4)
Note “eyewitnesses and servants”oi` avpV avrch/j auvto,ptai kai. u`phre,tai
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
These are fulfilled events (peplhroforhme,nwn) Note: Perfect Note: Perfect tensetense, Fulfillment with effects down to the time of the hearers/readers
Note: Passive voiceNote: Passive voice,Divine passive
Prologue to LukePrologue to Luke
For Luke, an orderly account is concerned with a development of “certainty of the things you have been taught.” It’s not It’s not about facts alone but faith.about facts alone but faith.
Luke is theological historytheological history
Luke is narrativeLuke is narrative• Narrator stands outside in Luke (except: “fulfilled among us”)Narrator stands outside in Luke (except: “fulfilled among us”)• Stands inside Acts (Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16)Stands inside Acts (Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16)• Maybe written; certainly spokenMaybe written; certainly spoken
Luke is prophecyLuke is prophecy Luke is proclamationLuke is proclamation
Luke has a recipientLuke has a recipient
• Theophilus – Theophilus – ““Dear to God” or “lover of God”Dear to God” or “lover of God” Common name in 1Common name in 1stst century century Literary Patron honor…not publication norm… but release for Literary Patron honor…not publication norm… but release for
copyingcopying• Us? – If this is proclamation…Us? – If this is proclamation…
Prologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to LukePrologue to Luke
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation for the Journey
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed
Begins in the Temple – Ends in the Temple
The Temple: the location of the presence of God and the Revelation of Jesus (and the place of His rejection)
Jesus presented in Temple (2:21-40).
Jesus teaching in Temple (2:41-52)
Jesus sets face for Jerusalem (9:51-62); Jerusalem mentioned 13x’s in travel narrative (9-19)
Jesus enters Jerusalem – Temple (19:45-48); Remainder of book is temple-centered (20:1; 21:37-38; 23:45). Note Temple destruction 21:5-28
Jesus’ Resurrection appearance in Jerusalem (24:50-53)
Jesus tempted at Temple (4:9-13)
Note the lack of location for Peter’s Confession (9:18ff)
Jesus’ Transfiguration conversation; Exodus in Jerusalem (9:31)
Jesus “on the way” to Jerusalem; Bethany (10:38-42) Also note 10:37, “Go” = Travel
Jesus teaches “on the way” (13:22); Jerusalem is place for prophets death (13:31-35)
Reminder of Journey destination (17:11)
3rd Passion Prediction: Jerusalem (18:31)
Jesus inching closer and closer (19:28, 37, 41)
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
Temple – In Second Temple JudaismTemple – In Second Temple Judaism
Holy building with compromised leaders
TempleTempleTempleTemple
Court of Gentiles
Court of Women
Court of Israel
Holy of Holies
Holy Place
(35 acres)(35 acres)
TempleTempleTempleTemple
Herod’s Temple in Jerusalem
““Culture CentersCulture Centers…”…”
“… “… consist in the point or points in consist in the point or points in a society where its a society where its leading ideasleading ideas come together with its come together with its leading leading institutionsinstitutions to create an arena in to create an arena in which the events that most vitally which the events that most vitally affect its members’ lives take affect its members’ lives take place.”place.”
Clifford Geertz, Clifford Geertz, Local KnowledgeLocal Knowledge
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation for the Journey
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed
As the time approached for him to be taken up to heaven, Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem.(9:51)
Geographic – Theological Pivot9:51-56
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation for the Journey
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed
When
he had le
d them
out to th
e vici
nity of B
ethany,
he lifte
d up his hands a
nd blessed
them
.
While
he was b
lessin
g them
, he l
eft th
em and w
as taken
up into heaven
.
ClimaxClimaxChap 24:50-51
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation for the Journey
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed
Then H
e open
ed th
eir m
inds so th
ey could unders
tand the S
criptures
,
“This is w
hat is w
ritten
…you are
witness
es of th
ese th
ings
I am going to
send you w
hat the F
ather has p
romised;
but stay in
the c
ity until
you have been
clothed
with
power fro
m on high.”
ClimaxClimaxChap 24:45-49
The Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of LukeThe Gospel of Luke
1:1-4 24:1-53
Pro
logu
e
Res
urre
ctio
n an
d A
scen
sion
1:5-2:52
Preparation for the Journey
Thr
esho
ld to
M
inis
try
Ori
gin,
Bir
th,
and
Ear
ly Y
ears
3:1-4:13
Gal
ilee
:
Lan
d of
Mir
acle
s
Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond
On
the
Way
to
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Dis
cipl
eshi
p T
rain
ing
Jeru
sale
m:
Lan
d of
Rej
ecti
on
and
Dea
th
4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56
Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed
Confusion: Passion Prediction 1 9:21-22
Confusion: Passion Prediction 2 9:44-45
Confusion: Passion Prediction 3 18:31-34
Problem Human Dilemma: Confusion to His Person; Confusion of His mission
Rejection in Nazareth 4:14-30
Rejection in Samaria 9:53
Rejection in Temple 19:45-48
SolutionHuman Transformation: Opening of mind; adoption of mission 24:45-47