the
Federals
a large
WHtlj an
NEED,
THIS
VOLUME,
WHICH
THE
Brigadier-Gen-
the "gravures"
given
to
Colonel
W.
H.
Taylor,
to
of Plan
—
liamsport
Run in Southern
Court
South bank
the
Advance
Re-
ported
—
—
Gen-
places
Robbed
—
Cellars
—
Train
and
its
of it Before
was
issued
—
—
the Night
and
Two Taverns, but Five Miles away, repeatedly Solicited to come
to
the
Ranks
of
and Placing the
to
move
to
Gettysburg
Engagement
place
—
Field
—
Close
As-
Last
the Battle
made
—
Charge
—
the Theological
Monument,
looking
July
3d,
1863
410
celebrated "Corner
Thompson
556
C.
Consideration
of
July
1st,
1863
558
D.
Did
General
is
that
of
Gettysburg.
immortal,
and
of
the
two
-works
thrown
up
as long
as time
where patriots died,
to
come.
His qualifications
for the
and
for
a
occurrence;
battle
and
preserve
everything
relating
to
the
subject,
which
classified,
and
placed
upon
record
has been
only
could
detail,
are
of
equal
possible, both sides have been accorded a hearing.
The writer has
not only sought
were,
and
forgotten.
In
account
it to inadvertence
the designs and
to magnify the
the
committee
This
division, the
succeeding three
artillery
C.
Brigadier -General
were commanded
Joseph
W.
Fisher.
and
the
remain-
ing
two
division
of
and
commanded by
The artillery brigade was commanded
by
Colonel
C.
-General
Archibald
L.
Candy,
Edward D.
General
John
were
commanded
respect-
C.
Devin,
of
the
ber 19th,
command
of
Brigadier-
General
Alpheus
S.
composed
infantry,
of Northern
The foregoing; numbers from
thousand wagons.
by an entirely
thousand
cavalry,
which
passed
around
and
we
have
about
seventy
thousand
to
seventy
the
Second Corps.
remaining
however,
was
dence
 
the coming
himself, is made
Peninsula,
as
policy
Federal
retained
a
spiritless
attitude.
operations had
tion;
pitious lines, it is probable that the Army of the
Potomac,
that
direction.
part of General
or
of
Maryland
and
Pennsylvania.
The
city
con-
dition
John-
ston,
with
a
view
to
by a direct issue at arms. Mr.
Seddon also intimated
which
the
whole
force
should
move
45
General
Longstreet's
opinion
even reinforcements
a
free
points
simply
because
I
desire
—
quoted, the discouragement and demoralization which
always
follow
defeat,
hinted at
his
move-
ment,
was
hoped
that
other
valuable
without
a
two
plans
of
fron-
his
was
rig-
idly
enforced
decisive victory
avoid any political
difficulties in its
which
public
pretext
humanity,
further
attempt
to
in evading
sending them
in circuitous
of Federal
the
ism,
and
discretion
will
sharply
re-
buffed
the
Washington
authorities.
Considering
the
conjuncture
enemy,
Mr.
Davis
occupied
a
Mr.
is indeed hard
the Blue
operations
cross the
ville up
to Lees-
burg. In
General
Lee
had
which was
the Po-
diately
acquiesced
statement
the fact
of
up, inquired of him
which
Lee
and
Lee
rode
rapidly
forward
battle, Wednesday,
of
the
night
of
June
29th
as
we
General
Meade
of
the
put on the
scout
report
to
General
Dee
at
Chambersburg
on
first
fact, however,
affected by the
detect
his
strategy,
cross the
Potomac at
as intended,
north
make an entire circuit
have taken
with.
by
"On
was
well
in
hand.
absence
felt by
had
which he
was com-
the
hope
of
the
arti-
*
enterinr
by
detachments
of
infantry
mounted
on
artillery
would
have
enclosed
him
of his
"The above objection is also applicable to the Count's second
plan, with
to
say
of the Confederates
This
plan,
though
held
rear
of
Potomac
into
Mary-
land,
the
Federal
army
Ferry
and
any
point
where
he
might
show
be seen.
question
of
an
invasion,
the
to
ordered
purpose
of
Capital,
while
Lee
himself
was
of
precautions
against
a
the river, and
taken
com-
pletely
by
surprise.
Soon
the
conflict
became
general
and
than a
which
revealed
took position
in the
neighborhood of
the battle of
General
Lee
says
of
this
engagement:
"On
by Lee at Gettys-
—
men, Lee shoald
General
ton's
crossing
to
the
south
side
of
the
information of
by
the
enemy?
If
he
was
forced
to
retire
might
be
brought
against
him,
sought
to
by
 
day made,
as shown
by the
opening
thousand
cavalry
Stuart's
staff,
puts
the
number
three thousand
series of
bold, strategic
operations
without
opposition."
Lee
simply
enemy's
possessing
his
secrets,
where
it
had
remained
and
the
leave their
At
all
events,
by
the
16th,
both
Stuart's' head
authorities
at
General Milroy
by
army, remon-
hold the place
Schenck
tele-
readi-
circumstanees
Berryville,
the Blue
Ridge and
out
a
killed
and
wounded,
and
thirty
General
Milroy
re-
fused
to
been
too
easily
could
be
there,
he
the
cannon
balls
were
Skirmishing
Opequan Creek, where
sacrifice
from the
scene of
His
ammunition
thrown
at
1
o'clock
a
ravine
he reached
the road
leading to
At
this
point
the
the
heroic
defenders
of
who were strongly posted,
signal gun fired
impossible
to
reunite
the
the
enemy
in
overwhelming
Washington
If
the
fact
of
at
any
time
sent
for
a
bold
officer
Rodes marched
McReynolds,
been
ordered
to
cavalry
regiment
of
the
war.
It
was
known
the retreat
Monday,
June
rebellion
upon
Pennsylvania
soil.
And
same regiment
under the
June
Jones
and
his
its
appropriate
place.
This
place,
which
was
east,
by
the
South
Mountain,
thence
down
through
Virginia,
by
the
same
general
from
the
last
is some
of which
are, the
Bal-
Hagerstown,
roads diverge to Frederick,
the
South
Mountain,
apparent
that
General
Lee
contem-
plated
a
addressed to the
of the
Couch,
on
assuming
into two
Harrisburg,
consequent
the
appre-
the preparations
public
soil,)
and
many
Philadelphia,
some
to
the
country
to
be
Early
or fifty
down
jaded
brutes
attached
pur-
lashing the
enemy
were
perfectly
this place at
duty
were taken
were taken
for
was received of the
the
town.
town
—
some
four
or
live
cavalrymen
the
squad,
who
his going
across the
become of
length
at
-
warm, the
had
ing
himself
other until
house
Mrs.
on
a piece of
of
the
bridle,
and
next day,
am
indebted
for
his
compliments
him
whatever
of
these
interesting
digres-
road leading
case
of
their
not
the
coun-
pistols
taken.
For
these
he
would
not
him
at
in
Mountain,
belong-
ing
works would
confined
to
the
vicinity
of
Chambersburg
alone,
the
leaders
broke,
spoke,
imagina-
ble
out
and
drew
his
sword,
said,
made liberal
of the Confederates in
visited, and
nearly
town a
re loved
about
one
Fairfield,
and
"Wil-
liamsport.
It
would
be
difficult
the property
to
not
fo-
iled
the Potomac,
Ridge.
Resuming
our
armies
where
through
one
of
the
terpose
between
the
The
consternation
gar-
risons
the
place.
Wednesday,
17.
and Thoroughfare
of the movements
at Up-
to
Buckland
Mills.
The
situation
now
may
be
lessly
the
mountain
in
and
march
of
twenty
-five
again
engaged,
and
forced
them
the person from whom it was
received
market
price.
A
chief of
VI. If
any person
use
of
the
the
at one
of the
object
was,
as
will
be
seen
by
its
pro-
curing
supplies.
infantry,
Jenkins
sent
a
detachment
came within
a
ball
drew out
of range,
this
engage-
leg.
A
killed.
the Grand Army
engagement.
scene in the
*On
June
other
posts
of guns,
military
below
he inquired of me
rear.
I
told
that
they
could
by
the
"Warm
Spring
road,
and
to
whole command
to camp
have
their
own
cowardly
conduct,
for
an
hour
their country on so
By
command
of
Lieutenant
this
(lay
the Harris-
a
that if
to
amount
of
government
too
much
momentum,
missed
some one
for this description
that
on
this
p. M.
pounds of
this carriage was
emerged
from
rounded
by
six
or
eight
gentlemanly
Corps,
and had
on
the
Columbia
Rail-
war
he
joined
the
tility, upon
to make
which
it
act
in
—
had
to
say.
After
officers
would
for
sauerkraut
round.
whatever;
come here
requisition,
groceries
for this
the officer
in command
remaining contents.
the
cellar
of
Dr.
of the invasion
honor-
able
support,
as
well
was
paid
refuses
the
same
over
the
build-
ing;
and
which
they
a citizen of
dition that
citizen
five cents
of
about here
to my
it
the presses
containing
the ravages of
year
later;
by
way
of
of
opened, and
said
that
every-
thing
was
ingly it was
valley
were
to
force. At
prepared
lace
sent
his
McDonald, both
remained,
history
Wallace
sixty
feet
his
and
threw
out
flanking
par-
ties,
which
place? Had they
tion
his
judgment
Greencastle.
This
affair
then,
Railroad at that
Lewis-
Pennsylvania Railroad
in view
would
be
supposed,
might
operate
raid upon
infantry
Stewart's command
dark.
a
line
of
battle
into the town.
Confederate scrip.
About one
from
the
which
had
been
of the
1st.
Lieutenant
J.
J.
B.
Countiss,
Twenty
-first
Georgia
left
hip
with
the
letter
S,
two
inches
C,
Company
C,
two
hours
The
inflict
the
the case of private
to
resign
reduced
to
ranks
of
the
rules
to
much,
for
was worth
in tying
position.
woolen
I
should
have
a
ing
soap, etc.,
officers
with
whom
to purchase, went searching
examined
to prevent its being
sent our
goods away,
Our reply
always was,
whole
General Early,
encampment
ture
Susquehanna at
keep our
to Harris-
Chambersburg and
who
we
co
These
were
some
aware that according to
lives would be forfeited in case
we
careful
they are
will
will appear
he
should
arrive,
threw
open
from the
the stairs
House,
I
watched
directly
hat
fully
the
group,
and
held
a
short,
whispered
consultation.
As
a
large
direction,
Balti-
council
Government
may
depend
D. W.
was
well
acquainted,
happening
he
took me
me to return free
aware
built, of
presumably with that
group, two officers
—
inclined to
-quarters
a
grove
situated
Jenkins' cavalry occupied Chambersburg,
an
interview
with
General
should
de-
that
their
authority
de-
response to an
destroying Mr. Stevens' iron works. General Early says in his
letter
from
Lynchburg,
mentioned
on
1S60, and
who was
Stevens
he
continued
to
do
to
retalia-
to
response was
General
West from coming
.Starting
of McConnellsburg
Kingston, thirteen
 
camp to Green-
wood in a
afternoon
of
Longstreet's
Harrisburg pike,
turning off
at the
Hood's division encamped
man, two and
Long's
farm,
and
Head
Their
conduct
der. Indeed must
desolation
produced
where
it
is clearly
obedience
and
same. In further
proof of this
approaching the
place, and
One
day
the
places?
They
had
well.
And
clear
the
mountain
from
the
Federal
column
by
Monterey
Pass.
If
could
not
have
been
he
might
be
made,
at
length
left
and
Federal
army
east
of
the
mountain.
On
the
the
shops in your
town
would
ever
characterized
the
guilty.
by your
not
war
upon
women
and
children,
and
I
soldiers
your
government
Confed-
erate
tyranny under
eastern bank.
official report
of
town
as
in
a
grain
field
obscured
they would rise to
retaining
our
position
good
order
and
was
at
the
The bridge was
doubt-
less
had
from
that
direction,
was
a
the fact
1SS6, says:
their
encampment
and
miles
by
Eee's
order;
way.
Pickett's
division
in communication with
The
the cellar
for
around at
various places,
of
of
dry
and
occasion,
and
when
thirty
or
forty
of
store.
and
barrel,
other
business
establishment
the bonds will
I
stated
that
the
doctor
value,
he
allowed
we
could
have
gotten
one
dollar
transaction,
when
in
addition
soldiers, General
field.
could
be
had.
But
dealing
in
Confederate
money
? The
following
was
his
lie
was
a
place
give
fami-
to the
rich fields
of grain
this
growing
many
of
he had turned
them
your houses.
that
they
had
be seized
and taken
idea
of
the
quantity
required.
On
leaving
I
the
war
was
a
Judge says that it
Before
he
could
In the evening of
at the Stone
detachment
of
General
a
did not
who
were
merely
them
on.
indecision,.
Reports
say
the enemy
Captain
eight.
Besides
the
When
the
could
not
at
first
Jones, wisely
but
of
citizens
who
of the
the
the ties and
fire. This
captured
or
removed
this one for
would walk with rapid
safety
had
to
the
county
of Mrs.
statement
has
been
of cavalry.
along the
along the
a
corps
usually
by
another
that
it
was
and another
came. Many
blouses,
Many were
ragged, shoeless,
dence that
discipline.
They
seemed
to
our people
hesitate to appropriate to
respects.
cavalry
these men,
which seemed
State. Those from
they
only
desired
that
believe
that
of
our
citizens,
their astonishment and
j)ockets and picked
On
the
evening
one
young master;
"Did the
colored people
tained
until
for
those resid-
discipline,
upon
 
Iii the evening of this day
—
two
o'clock,
I.
was
rumbling
noise
could
be
of
by
entering
and
of
sending
of
the
Chambersburg,
is
and
the
were
Gettysburg,
—
This
tri-
angle.
The
Harrisburg
The
distance
hanna,
it
to
his
line
of
com-
munications
forces upon
be
called
together
at
one
point
near
different corps
these forces
was issued,
an
hour.
wagon train
convey
a
message
to
Kim-
mell,
and
afternoon
the evening
of Sunday,
come to him
I
led me
told
met
the
Confederate guard, who did not disturb nie. Some of those who
came with
me wishing
to return
to Roxbury,
we set
out together.
We met
many at
wheat
fields,
and
of
which
thereweresome
woods. 'When getting over the fence into the woods we
were
seen
rode after us and
fire
or
follow
far
the mountains
the mountains. Telling
to
another
The
report
having
reached
them
that
Confederates
alive
hindered
me
about
ten
got
lunch
over,
and
the
telegram
being
midnight.
I
about
forty
firing
where it
and
rear.
Kodes'
division
of
and Peters-
and
from
wood,
where
it
to
toward
the
same
destination.
This
ac-
cording
to
Annals
of
the
"War,
page
440,
fourteen
portance
was expected.*
two
o'clock
the
important,
place,
in
order
corps (the two divisions
(at Chambersburg).
the morning
of the
men,
congre-
had suffered
up to
from
morning
as
for
Beverly Robertson,
two
named
brigades
of
cavalry
corps
at
Green-
wood,
miles
west
south of the Potomac
valley,
to the
of Lee
the
days
interven-
will
be
seen
who reported the
days.
The
pur-
Potomac
at
Edward's
Ferry.
Stahl's
pur-
Cramp-
left
Thoroughfare
Gap,
Stuart
emerged
from
his
forced
position
Twelfth Corps
to
visions) from Aldie
to
Goose
son and Point
there
point
between
Ed-
ward's
to Stuart: "General Stuart was
left
and on
instructed General Stuart
Potomac
at
Shepherdstown,
York
directly responsible
for the
discretionary
power
to
pursue
whatever
he was no longer
or that
he could
detain them
of
the
orders
General's
circuit
brigade
Hopewell, or
Run Mountains,
attain the
land
and
of
the
column
as
In all these
warrant for
him to
west
of
the
and
during
Ballinger's
Creek.
On
this
day
Maryland Heights
it.
my opinion.
the
president.
"Joseph
June
27th,
1863,
many a
mander
of
my
successor,
as
it
has to me, a willing and hearty support. With the earnest prayer
that
the
triumph
of
this
command.
They
were
it
from
the
us
have
in
but
was
was
unfortunate
ing of
duced deep
upon seven
or
swung
around
to
interpose
in
case
he
should
go
in
that
proceeded
Westminster
the Fifth from
Gregg's
cavalry,
went
from
Hyattstown
of Monday,
at York,
and yet
in
Aware of
to
a
probable
collision
with
the
Confederate
army
in
a
the
army,
there,
at
the
they have
to meet
the enemy
so
will
the
neigh-
burg;
about to
upon
Gamble
and
Devin.
About
half-
past
nine
himself in the
the elevation to the right is Seminary
Ridge,
upon
which,
extending
was placed
during the
where the battle
the
half. Reynolds' Grove, in which that general
was killed,
by which
in
motion
force,
and
that
which
both
parties
were
contending
his
faithful
orderly
and
a
small
escort
to
in
the
midst
of
his
only for
the details
place
from
a
which
began
the
battle
see
the
Emmittsburg
with
of Willoughby's
the
left
of
the
pike,
the two
first seen
get-
of Cutler's
to the Federal
road and an
front of
Rey-
Chambersburg
men
until
of
Gettysburg
B,
Seventh
Ten-
halt Steinwehr's
a
Pickett's
charge
of
the
Poto-
then
in
command
of
lives
of
the
moved
the Confederates
General
Archer.
The
to
General
who,
up
our left.
These three
an unfinished
Now,
when
these
recollection of
force
present,
and
the
probability
that
then
resting
in
the
name
of
the
President,
and
report
lie
Howard's
dispatch
previous,
had re-
a
battery
to
hold
Emmittsburg,
hills.
A
tions
and
leading
by
Middletown
to
Cashtown.
caused him
Ramseur
was
held
of
the
enemy
and
earnest."
"When
it
was
known
the fields,
Charles
Howard,
a
member
any responsibility,
have paid
and
he
at
once
reserve,
came
both
flanks
Robinson
and
"Wadsworth
a
position,
time,
expressed
critical
and
placing
'
at once
Eleventh
and
extended
the
line
283
an
and Hill
were under
of
these
two
brigades
beyond.
moving forward;
to
a
commanding
position
Gettys-
burg,
that place. But
it the
battles of
in
position
on
witnessed
on (the efforts of
heights before
the
effect
then
condition
victory,
those
de-
files
succeed-
upon the scene,
was
known
of
Gettysburg,
Thus the curtain of night fell upon the scene, hiding
from
of
the
three
quarters
of
a
mile.
The
left
side,
or
flange,
which
is
killed upon it
and
there
stones, making
299
through the
its
Balti-
pike
a
little
down to
in
the
Federals
im-
previous
morning contemplated
impracticable,
Meade earnestly
a
wise
general,
of a
that
they
fortified
and
were
bristling
with
their
was
in
arrive
and
enjoyed a
General
General
our
I said,
to
or
attack
it
if
we
determined
I
reminded
him
that
it
would
be
forces well in hand,
seemed under
seek
refuge
Lee
begin
Colonel
and
part of
attack
there,
o'clock,
it, however,
termined to attack as early as practicable the next morning,
and so expressed
retiring for the
close
of
to
designate
the
work
for him
order to reconnoitre
eracity,
ness.
need for
should
from
the
commanding
general
Hancock's,
and
occupy
the
ground
where
Geary's
division
or, rather
road,
ground,
would
be
untenable
ceived
re-
join
his
own
"When
I
wrote
my
report
of
the
battle
I
honestly
misapprehension
his
could
not
It
should
also
be
stated
that
General
Sickles
claims
to
have
had
to
assist
one
ermore, when he came to my
head-quarters
at
know where to go, I
answered,
This
Sickles
front.
General
Longstreet,
although
poured into
withdrawn
to
which
had
been
"Wilcox,
Wright,
hold
and
fall
back.
the
action.
hail,
galloping and
swinging their
and urging
their men
sprang
ists
to
rear
determined
resistance,
Birney's
line
was
the sorely
pressed troops.
brigades,
wore
while
this
terrible
conflict
was
going
the
long
had
skirted
the
base
of
the
hill,
word that
tered thigh. The
importance of Eittle
take
letter
to
the
writer,
says
 
the
enemy
of
Weed's
Top,
and
the
the
slope
by
a
Confederate
sharp-shooter.
a
sheet
where
I
la}'
prostrated
by
a
wound.
saw
was
and then
driven
from
it.
This
stone
wall,
thus
gained,
was
held
by
the
the
day,
but
it
was
attended
among
whom
thousand. The
of
a
single
gun.
of
McLaws'
division,
 
In
this
terrific
engagement
above the
knee. Generals
brigades of
which
were
also
 
re-
pulsed,
and
the
 
circum-
stances
it
necessary.
re-
under
to
of
Longstreet's
right
at
the
Gen-
yet
given,
or
history
will
hold
was not
compelled
to
relinquish
the
McLaws and
Hood had
enemy's
heavy
artillery,
without
a
the allied
armies of
Longstreet
eight
getting
tarried
pike. Smith's
want
of
achieved.
requires
that
they
the
known
says,
ample time
acci-
its
not to
have been
per-
ceived
the
were given
was
v
iiot
ble,'
So
it
was
occupied
by
subordinate
officers
and
there,
answers
were
given,
as
condition to
all means
to this council
with an order
This was
eleven P.
J.
E.
B.
Stuart
and
Fitzhugh
Lee.
General
A.
Brocken-
borough
are
acquainted
and I want you both to report to General Imboden
at
ten
commanding general
I
at
of
Turning quickly around,
This
plete
possession
of
Culp's
Hill
and
the
Baltimore
pike.
near
the
Confederate
artillery
had
com-
plete
too,
re-
field,
and
were
But
the
cum was directed
brigades
of
the
Sixth
Corps
and
Lockwood's
Maryland
the ap-
he
was
unable
to
reply,
and
he
determined
at
once
to
and again
works,
which
they
had
temporarily
occupied,
out
and
meet
him
in
the
fearing that
he was
still in
out all
have an
it
I
risburg
General
about
the line commanded
to the convex shape of the Federal line, but eighty
guns could
continent, and
it may
be upon
succes-
sion
zing,
screaming,
bursting
shells,
which
sent
many
a
mortal
the
Cemetery,
killed
and
wounded
of the
dled and cut down, rocks were splintered sending their
fragments
in
railing
in
the
superior number of guns.
Mr. Wilkinson, of the
house,
sixteen
by
twenty,
which
General
Meade
in Federal blue
was
alignments.
and
animated
column
and
mut-
tered
more
to
attack
must
succeed.'
reached the
orders
were
given
'to
Lee,
Longstreet
long
lines
of
prostrate
infan-
rode
along.
They
by.
Ridge, about
of voice,
the
earth scattered death
pall over
the field,
specially
called
to
the
graph from the
but
 
his head
a letter of inquiry from the writer,
as to
column, the frontage was
he should
men as the Confederates were seen to emerge from their
place shelter.
to right,
the Emmittsburg road are
seen above
the fence,
was the
 
officers,
his
line
a
man
better
fitted
for
resolute.
Gushing'
accumulate
on
that
flank.
He
saw
his
men
tire
against
by
Stannard,
and
sheaves."
f
their
strength
and
desperation
for
—
a
Broken
and
hurled
back,
they
easily
They
upon
crosses the meadow,
of
the
There
are
drive
York, Nineteenth Maine, One
Hundred and Fifty -first
upon
the
foe.
their
supports.
They
are
gone,
disappeared
like
wounded are
Confederates
throw
down
this great assault
the
Philadelphia
Virginia.'
a
mile,
moved
column
as
it
ap-
the
the
wide
rents
long
trotted on
returned.
Half
way
the rear
like dry
Carolinians,
but
fought as
straight
down
upon
the
there
had
nett galloped
firing,'
and
of
Pickett's
men,
with
their
muskets
by
their
to
strike,
by
hurrying
of death,
fifty
the
fearful odds
"The time
back
stone
onward,
as
gallant
charge.
his
face,
inquired
none were in
Southern
Bivouac
most circumstantial
and interesting
left
of
Heth's
be
to
the disaster
That
peculiar
necessary
to
commanded by
hun-
It is with
called "The
on
division, which held
Artillery,
crossed
moved
onward
in
a
straight
line,
he
after passing south
left
left
until
of
at
the
fences
of
the
Emmittsburg
right
simultaneously with
the advance
division.
and
Lane,
of
'Here
they
come
division,
but
writer
around the
mand
thousand
two
hundred
and
seventy
the
same
height.
and
pearance.
Seminary
Ridge
over
the
plain,
the
thin-
ning
its
ranks.
"General
Garnett,
On
climb to
road
to
the
works
the
commanded
under Davis and
sup-
First
now took
place. They
head
*
*
*
*
the
shattered
remnants
to
fall
As they did so they
saw hundreds of their companions
dead
and
line
also
crowded
to
Pettigrew's brigade,
Pettigrew's
brigade,
the
token
of
surrender,
General Kemper's
commander
seriously
wounded;
nearly
all
his
lines Generals
the
assaulting
passed
over
Cemetery
Ridge,
he
also
commenced
to
follow
after,
but
columns of
found shelter
ready
to
move
division of Rodes,
portant effect
upon the
lines
upon
Culp's
himself
from
Jenkins' brigade, were sent around the
Federal right
roads
front was suc-
fortunately
promptly
driving the
appreciated the
brigade, which
upon the
day
would
go
was
even
then
moving
"In
charge.
As
Confederates
outnumbering
orders of
keep to
now, in
were not
the
speed
come
Staggered
by
the
the
Confederate
column
drew
and Rodgers
passed.
of the little band.
some succeeded
by
Custer
of the
small arms,
for that
part of
the fight.
was
wounded.
the
Confederate
column
had
begun
all
sides,
the
enemy
turned.
Then
followed
a
pell-mell
rush,
our
men
in
were carried away
purpose
of
preventing
reinforcements
being
the enemy
in front,
Bartlett's
brigade
of
of
of
this
gained on
to render the assaulting
to attack the next morning;
and
been
afternoon.
command-
to
abandon
to
carry
mode of attack,
line in
Mc-
Laws,
and
the
greater
to have been
to, as
his report
my line
with Anderson's
division and
and
McLaws
been
moved
forward,
as
was
planned,
line
held
here
to
occurrences
just
related,
I
deem
In justice
to General
swept our
and
do
not
suppose
he
will
Lee's
line
of
den during the
which
troops behave
to
charge
with
General
Pendle-
borrowed, recalled them
observe
enemy by
his return
entirely successful, it
the artillery
point
we
intend
attacking,
you
proper
support;
but
the
an
hour
the
contested
field
was
killed, wounded,
or captured,
went streaming
I
got
the
heavy fire; the shells
in
of his regiments advancing through the woods
in
good
order;
so,
thinking
I
a
snake
attacked
and
of
the
staff
a sad
day for
us. Colonel,
the state of his
made to officers
occupied last
this point until
creek found there.
that
wounded
Lee
the
stragglers
collected
by
ticipated
well
to
Federal
army
been
thrown
better
than
to
have
army
ground
to flank, even
by courier, was
difficult, the country
he
our
were
but
slightly
guarded."*
his
base
of
supplies;
the
following
language
"Nor
is
General
Meade
even
more
completely
exhausted.
the
movement
he
contemplated.
our
positions.'
center
was
to
follow?
to
suppose
that
and to
of good
force
in
the
a
failure,
no
among
such
a
con-
tingency
assault,
fell
in
advance,
orders,
when
and
as
the
not the defeat
on
turn, as he was ready for it, and believed that
if one
the
it
unprepared
for
Mr.
on the evening
fired
by
above their
indis-
or
not
the
that
proof
officer of authority
to
assault was repulsed,
turned, and rode
the
men
dispirit-
before, and to attack the divisions of Hood and McLaws,
which
formed
the
extreme
ordering this
neighbor-
writer knows
center immediately
advance
by woods and inequalities
been
of
states
positively
saved
scarcely
made from the
General
Meade,
it
should
be
remembered,
had
responsi-
bility
simply
for
the
time,
nor
the
rebellion,
battle was the
great
fifteen thous-
overthrow
THE POTOMAC.
pris-
of
the
victorious enemy and
distance it
the
great
struggle
at
Gettysburg,
reach, the
fifty thousand to sixty
thousand;
and
several
thousand
under
road
to
Lee's,
could
Washington, and
West Virginia,
This would
his
the operations
as
they
withdrew from their front
without serious molestation, and
whom
transportation
could
be
by
a
side
General
out
so
my
rifled
batteries
as
they
staff officer brought
an order
yell
As
if
that fell,
Had pealed
the
nights
as
if
i
suiting
Pass.
"The
was
the
capture
of
where the
been
abandoned,
and
a
movement
by
the
round-about
army,
Jones' command and this
previous in pursuit
of Lee, to
Corps
went
Skirmishes took
place at
Downsville and
in
South
Mountain;
the
Second Corps
ville; the Third Corps from near Frederick City to
Fox's
Gap
from
Frederick
to
Middletown.
Skirmishes
this
day
at
Benevola
First
was
joined
by
had
crossed
and Eleventh
(except one brigade
days in
doubt
cartridge
boxes.
I
guess
there
were
which an extra
engaged
fight, and
had to
been
rising
staff,
great
deal
of
brigade,
or
even
a
should
reinforced
by
of
Meade
confronted
Tree's
flfty
General
Hays,
Generals
enemy's strength
against the
discussion
with
however,
General
and
or-
ders
r ver in
be forded.
and
re-
past seven
A. M.
from
was
wounded
in
to-
country
that
the
not wholly
the southerly
passes in the
Fairfield
roa
occupy
the
mountains.
twelve
p.
m.
on
the
fifth.
It
Fifth
corps
remain at
the fifth in getting as far as Fairfield. There
was
of
the
Fairfield
Pass,
engagement may be
never-
theless
the
Confederate
indulge
act
and
Balti-
moved
time
had
been
lost,
impossible.
"Nevertheless,
the
en-
ton, then at
port. This position
covered both the
at
Falling
Waters.
was
very
dim-
of
Conococheague
the
advance
of
creek and
in front
of
and
First
Corps
were
advanced
Gettysburg to
stomach
"Gettysburg
to
the
Rapidan."
'
was
re-estab-
the
whole
Weekly Press,
ments along
wishing
for
it.
If
retired
across
attends such
a movement
he advanced and left
of the
GAS
was
loaded
with
wounded
could walk
along
by
be
given,
and
line of
the Federal
those who
those
vicissitudes
of
the
war
"
up and re-
a
seated,
he
remarked:
"'We
poor
wounded
as
possible
must
I can spare you
different route from yours.
Davis,
to the President.
earth
raging
streams
ran
directions.
pro-
wounded,
lying
wagon bodies, were
impossible to communicate orders.
in the
was moving
rapidly, and
—
witnessed from the battle
of Bull Run up
drivers and the guards
not
distinguish
friend
from
so we
bloody
war.
After
perished
on
the
way,
could not possibly cross.
promptly
to
possible,
right.
We
Lee sent
heard and
wing,
Every man engaged
our
familiar
it escaped across
13th.
staff
to
write
down
my
answers
to recross
the river
that time there was so large
a
the
in
the
autumn
account that which
with
im-
mense
train
hall
my
overcoat
barn
-yard
at
the
my barn-
yard. I
to prevent
officer
in
charge,
sitting
on
I
At
accompanied by
Yankees.
I
the
old
flag.
5
At
two
o'clock
p.
m.
a
company
with
mind
upon
hearing
of
solicitation and
with the
hope of
relieving her,
until
they
came
were taken
legis-
lature
sub-
sequently
died.
information
in
received
be,
My
and
two
the
singing
of
General
hundreds of
the fore-
evening,
July
bouse,
my
darkness to
train
a
continual
stream
of
old
'Walnut
 
quei
said:
'Did
or six
that our
the point of the bayonet. The
next time they come they
may shoot
that
covered with
Gettysburg.
The
meet the
mountain,
of
which
we
had
some
intimations,
the
I was
called from
proceed
immediately
to
the
King
five wagons,
I
may
never
again
be
they
were
all
making
its
way
across
the
South
Mountain,
a
protection. There were
Bloody
Run.
he at once
following morning Captain
road leading to
Zellers, and
to
Gettys-
them
the
hotel of a Mr. Hay, at the eastern base of Chestnut Ridge in
Ligonier
Valley,
Westmoreland
County,
and
while
we
hear
the
cannonading.
distinctly
heard
discharges
of
tion.
Thi
ut
the
Federal
line,
l.'pun
and anxiety,
time:
"May
the
Eord
of
the
is
established
distinctly heard
in one
intervening
telling
an
once
of strife.
Yours respectfully,
battle
in
the
a straight
of
of atmosphere
sound to the
of
Churchville,
to a
from
Pennsylvania
company
with
others,
we
distinctly
heard
our con-
jectures fully
only
re-
air is
the speed is
higher
portions,
— in
the
with
downward
toward
the
earth;
at the distance
of a mile or so, to leave the observer in an acoustic
"shadow
refracted
upward
address.
You
will
find
special
reference
so
as
to
ble through the middle
submission
of
this
matter
to
Insti-
considerable
obscurity
still
exists.
As
an
illustration
together enough of
rake
bound
attention was
of
General Warren and
was
fol-
lowing:
during that battle, at
instance
of
Professor
Baird,
of
Society
worked
into
which
a
current
of
air
with the
same velocity.
the earth; the one
wind, it will
it is
projected with
careful
and
formula describes
refracted upward
which
the opinion that
was caused
by the
passed over
of
from
the case.
observations
Station,
Maine,
first
time
I
have
is
cited:
will
be
scarcely
audible
at
is
suddenly
increased. This is
course until it nearly
considered as
due to
were
interred,
mental
iron
work.
The
grounds
have
been
graded,
and
this
their own kindred
Rolls mingling with
their fame forever."
with such
massive
granite
victor's wreath
of laurel,
while with
victory has
been won.
the story
com-
memorate.
the
statues
are
appropriate
following
extracts:
bloody
the rapture
multiply
our
exulted
wealth, to the
cities.
They
re-
desperation, failed
the
sailors; bless
it
It is
gave
th
uttered in slow
was
observed
during
their
greatest battles
the
pressive
prayer,
fought,
slain reposes,
and
to
visit
confirm their devotion
Hampshire,
twenty
-two;
sixty
-six;
distance
—
beyond the
by
going
book. Here
the broken,
first
day's
engagement.
From
Seminary
Ridge,
monument may
be seen,
the line
you
have
breast-
works,
which
which,
is
a
mile
to
the
Pennsylvania,
his
formed,
place where
you now
Top
and Ceme-
tery Hill
farm
that
lane,
slope of the
that place.
General
Armistead
it Hancock
death-
blow.
place, with the
them,
in planting
side
us a
north-eastern out-
look. But
in order
place where
and
that
than
a
mile
square,
(the corps
mighty
wrestlers,
and which extends
where it
passed
down
in
a
south-easterly
at the
cannon was
from
that
house
is
pro-
miscuously.
The
Confederate
given. That
It
in flank and rear.
the struggle
 
treat
across the
Den, that
wonderful freak
little
to
the
Orchard,
which
is
about
one
and grandeur,
where.
to
the
Kilpatrick
made
his
famous
dash
upon
the
Confederates
while
Pickett's
charge
was
the
stitution has
which the
whether he
opinion
of
been slow
in the
depart-
fanatics;
equal privileges
a
single
one
the time
confidence
to
government ever instituted upon
were of
he
the marble.
it
and by experience we know that it is the best, not
only for
the wisdom of
"
people
of
the
South.
may ever
as well
And
!
lees
trees.
an order
enemy
in
force
upon
the
evening
of
Tuesday,
June
determined to
army
was
defeated.
To
this
allegation
as directed,
the
Federals
were
being
sorely
at once upon the
the
understood
angle,
to
the
from
miles,
and
from
on the
road leading
Creek,
four
Third
Corps,
at
Bridgeport;
Howard,
with
night
following,
the
divisions
Gettysburg
scouts,
moving in directions that
was most
desirous of
not difficult to divine
own, but
July
17th, 1SS6, explains some seeming inconsistencies in his testimony before the
Committee
on
the
Conduct
statements
whether
as you seem
puzzled to explain
the
you
on
this
matter.
I refer to
it
was
The
obvious
misprint
preceded
by
another
is
what I had
a
communica-
course, and
Gettysburg, is
by
the enemy in
ploy
toward
Middleburg.
senior aid-
sent to
interview with
up,
I
arrived
there
which, besides
given
the
enemy
of
Kmmittsburg,
I
them to
considered in
(b.)
Reynolds,
attacked,
was
Third
duct
command
do
couple
of
regiments,"
etc.
Creek movement
(see
Who is responsible
concluded to
momentary consultation between
Meade's testimony, page
of
1 and
communication
dated
Gettysburg
1:30
has
Emmittsburg.
These
Emmittsburg, to
* *
page
357.]
INFERENCES.
some troops
that
the
left
of
of
his
orders;
and
that
even
to suppose that
determined
upon,
and
the
execu-
tion
inference is equally
125
Emmittsburg, to relieve the
to
him.
Howard's
evidently
him
he was
form of an
order, but a
to
wounded.
He
directs
that
you
them,
has
gone
as
1:10
p.
M.
on
the
through
General
Meade's order, it could
stated by
of
of
disrespecl
Emmittsburg
morning
of
July
point of danger.
held by Meade's
position he
July
official
report
three quarters
court of
out
your
and began the fight just as
that council
three
just place, and
the
however, from
course, many
of
the
first
assumed
as
follows:
Colonel
James
C.
Biddle,
of
inspection
the
positions
these
orders
to form his corps in line of battle on the
left of
left and
his left
to occupy it.
Between eight and
nine o'clock a.
the
put
Geary
in
Sickles came to
to him.
"Between three
and four
p. M.
Corps.
General
Meade,
after
surveying
out to
occupy the
same reason that
once as
at any
this
thus gives
or to send General Warren,
his
chief
engineer,
General
Hunt,
Sickles quotes numerous
I
"The battle of
cerned,
orders
of
three, when
the battle
sup-
port
for
my
of
six o'clock, when I was
wounded,
I
received
no
Round Top, the key of our position on the left.
I
had
repeatedly
urged
he
approve
my
 
and forced
larger
force
command.
thrice,
but
vision f
rear,
1. It
emergency as
concerning the
to
undoubtedly did
give General
Colonel
Biddle
asserts
his troops
in the
position General
this
qualification,
which
is
equally
eral Sickles, be
did not pay sufficient
6.
was better than
the one Meade
expected him to
says,
his line had been placed where Meade expected it to be
placed, the enemy would certainly have succeeded in siezing these two com-
manding eminences,
line
he was driven back,
occupied
Upon
this
an
article
McLaws says:
Sickles
and
the
strong
reinforcements
which
were
brought
to
the
Federal
own
responsibility,
and
advantageous to his corps
extension
position on
to carry
And
as
by
been no apprehension
felt by General
had
no
need
for General
Meade to
position
forming
a
without
of Longstreet's
supported,
but
of
line
General
Lee
at
Cham-
bersburg
if be had not gone within
four miles
2d of
the
morning
of
If,
General Kwell, who had
Meade's
there would
this
assume
the
offensive
be
explain
the
position
and
its
General
Sickles
officer
or
troops
-
not know where
I told him his right
was to
I said
you
have
taken
of
1864,
and defeated
at Staunton, he moved
been
retiring
This
want
of
ammunition,
sent
against
him,
to choose as the route of his return the way
of
the
Gauley
and
Hunter
ward
the
National
Capital,
defeating
the
Federal
forces
might
back,
recrossing
encamped
about
Each
thousand dollars in
hundred
thousand
dollars
in
United
.States
currency,
and
from
clothing, the
Confederate
service.
The
search
of
of
houses
were
bedding,
carpets,
and pull
Chambersburg
there
of friends
Confederate
soldiers assisted in these humane acts. In a few cases houses
isolated
from
others
inmates were too
paying
a
been
fearful.
But it was in the morning and during a perfect calm.
And
yet
at
one
bed quilts,
others,
column
straight, and single;
and
commingled,
column
of
smoke
and
flame
which
rose
per-
of a
crackling
of
witnessed
it
would
ever
desire
General Averell,
and
accord-
ingly
but it was then
motion,
but
war was in
the
Cumberland
superintending
the
transportation
departure from
Hagerstown upon
July
29th,
and
his
about
from Chambersburg.
camp.
Mr.
B.
Gilmore, the telegraph operator at Chambersburg, kept us informed constantly
of all
of the
Confederate force.
the operators
as to
at
Couch
informed
General Averell that the Confederate forces were at or had passed
through Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and were moving
toward Chambersburg; and,
Averell could be
to
Averell intended
to render
camp,
Averell
them of
was soon at the grove. There was no sentry or
guard
to
champing of the
until
he
reached
left
the
been delivered
He made no reply, and, as I thought,
was about
to turn
over and
go to
sleep. Minutes
beg
you
I
can
loyal
he merely said,
the
morning.'
It
had all his
Baltimore, Maryland, but
was
evening of
toward
Chambersburg,
and
bivouacked
office
and
that place,
Confederates
had
built
camp-fires
telegraph lines
west of
that the enemy after
State Line
in the
flank. I
immediately informed
General Averell of this fact, when he sent me a
message
regard
to
any
Couch's dispatches
of Chambersburg
were
made
bv
taken refuge
burned:
Residences
and
places
of
business,
266;
barns
I
and
thus
adjudicated
AFTER
THE
FIRE.
[This
taken
shortly
Hall.
thirty
feet
behind
fallen
south-west corner.
to the necessities
thousand,
was
the
State.
Three
gave
to
John
when planning their mad
addressed to him by
the 5th of August, your letter of the 6th
of
that
until a
it was forwarded
eral
my
demand
any
consequence
accessible
to
my
troops,
and
for
were fully worth
for the
rapidly
depreciating,
been
justi-
Compare
the
Georgia,
and
Columbia,
South
town
of
Dayton,
he
crow flying
over it
of
the operations
of his
engaged
in
and had no discretion
in
this
fair to
give him
from
stripped
Military Insti
but
a
few
minutes
house."
(Page
48.)
Again
General
Karly,
town,
but
su-
the United States
and was merely
the
burning
of
beginning
enough
being
enormity
by
an
example
of
and,
in
to
comply
with
of
Chambersburg
North to the
as to
the
passion
for
Letcher, and
informed her
order.
He
said
till she
a
very
with a match.
set
to
them.
The
the state.
His offense,
true tale' of
to be that community.
He was
a
measure?
made
was in
them, but
army
army
swept
through
tion
of
write here
demands
a
fair,
candid,
and
impartial
consideration
and
malignant
as
in the valley, as well as with the mountain fastnesses,
they stole
cover
of
cited.
It
was
published
in
one
of
the
July
23,
The fiendish
of
darkest
and
were
found,
and
if
by-
concealed
men.
have
quoted
which
General
Lee
admitted. With the exception
campaign, were
strictly observed.
men massacred
civilized
severe
may pass, who
in
Federals.
The
they
claimed
would
no
longer
avail
lowing
circular:
Head
24th,
1864.
Sir—
to me
you countenance and
abet
the bush-whackers and guerillas who infest the woods and mountains of this region,
swooping
practices
any civilized
justice to pirates,
murderers, and other
the more important
themselves
for
a
States,
You
are
therefore
hereby
notified,
of the
sympa-
thizer
residing
of ten miles around
of this assessment
that
fight
for
the
that
you
have
obnoxious,
prominent
secession
sympathizers
of
your
neighborhood.
you communicate to them
he had
instructions and
as he
had, or
done as
a war
had been the
to
destroy
used
were
de-
stroyed,
inaugur-
in
resorting
property,
160,
169;
description
of,
207;
commendable
behavior,
175;
Pickett's
repulse,
432;
Federals,
276.
Cafferty,
333.
265;
claims
for
68;
train of
Confederate wounded,
the
field,
303;
the heels of Pickett's defeated men,
43°.
for
36;
his
posi-
day,
320;
Army of the rotomac,
division,
248;
Top was
79;
daily
reconnoissances,
79;
Army
of
in
the
Confederate
lines,
366;
Pickett's
charge,
384;
demoralization
after
his
repulse,
425.
Oyster's
Sickles,
413.
Petersburg,
ment
of
charge after Pickett's repulse,
encamps
at
Heidlersburg,
227;
281; Sickles
desper-
328;
strange
oversight
instruc-
tions,
51,
52;
171.
Stewart,
General,
commander
Wallace,
147;
occupies
McConnellsburg,
152;
sends
452-
Two
Taverns,
Twelfth
Corps
at,
270.
ing