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The Great War
1914 - 1918
Causes Web of Alliances Nationalism
Imperialism Militarism
*Web of Alliances
*Nationalism – devotion to one’s nation
What is a “nation”? Sharing common history, culture,
language and ETHNICITY France – Alsace-Lorraine The Balkans
*Imperialism – one country dominating others
Social DarwinismThe best nation would come out ahead in the competition between counties
*Militarism – glorification of military
Not a question of “if”, it’s a question of “when” Increases in
Size of Armies Stockpiles of weapons
New Weapons Machine guns Mobile artillery Gas Submarines Tanks Airplanes
The Spark to start the Fire
Austria-Hungary’s Ultimatum
AH Empire sends Serbia an ultimatum Stop anyone who speaks ill of the AH
Empire Newspapers, army and gov’t officials, etc
Do not hinder AH’s investigation of the assassination
Report everything to AH What is Serbia giving up?
Do you think Serbia accepted this?
The Start of the War
AH Empire declares war on Serbia July 28th, 1914
Russia mobilizes for war Seeing Russia is mobilizing, Germany
declares war on Russia France’s alliance w/Russia makes
them declare war on Germany Germany declares war on Belgium
??? The *Schlieffen Plan
*Trench Warfare
Machine Guns Mobile artillery Gas Later on, Tanks
How did the US enter the war?
President *Woodrow Wilson Urges neutrality
Britain sets up a blockade against Germany so Germany uses *U-Boats against allied ships
*Lusitania and Sussex
The Last Straw
*Zimmermann Telegram January of 1917
April 2, 1917 President Wilson asks Congress to
declare war on Germany
Commies!
*Russian Revolution Democratic revolution overthrows Czar
Nicholas II but keeps Russians in war Communists have new revolution
Led by *Vladimir Lenin Russia stops fighting and makes peace
with Germany Germany sends eastern front troops
to the west
American troops turn the tide
Germany attacks and attacks With the incoming American troops,
French, British and Italian troops were able to resist the German attacks
German offensive collapses Armies get cut off and Germany
surrenders
Armistice and Treaty of Versailles
Armistice – No more fighting November 11th, 1917 5 million Allied troops dead 8 million Central power troops dead 6.5 million civilians dead
Treaty of Versailles – Peace treaty June 28th, 1919
Wilson and his 14 points
*14 points “Peace without victory”
Wilson goes to the peace negotiations personally Europeans loved him Wilson could not convince European
leaders to accept his plan Kept League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles punishes Germany Germany claims sole responsibility for
starting World War I Limited Germany’s army to 100,000
Enlisted men must be in army for 12 years; Officers – 25 years
Limited to tiny navy NO SUBMARINES
Germany loses territory Germany must pay reparations
$54 billion ($663.9 billion today)