The Great WarThe Great WarCh 11 Sec 1Ch 11 Sec 1

What were the long What were the long term causes of WWI?term causes of WWI?

►M-MilitarismM-Militarism►A-AlliancesA-Alliances►I-ImperialismI-Imperialism►NN -Nationalism-Nationalism

Causes of WWICauses of WWI NationalismNationalism

-a devotion to the interests & cultures of one -a devotion to the interests & cultures of one country.country.-Many feared Germany’s growing power in -Many feared Germany’s growing power in Europe.Europe.

ImperialismImperialism-As Germany industrialized it competed with -As Germany industrialized it competed with France & Britain for colonies.France & Britain for colonies.

MilitarismMilitarism-The development of armed forces & their use -The development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy.as a tool of diplomacy.-By 1890 the strongest nation on the European -By 1890 the strongest nation on the European Continent was Germany.Continent was Germany.

More CausesMore Causes► The Alliance SystemThe Alliance System► The Allies (Triple The Allies (Triple

Entente)Entente)-Britain, France & -Britain, France & Russia.Russia.

► The Central Powers The Central Powers (The Triple Alliance)(The Triple Alliance)-Germany, Austria--Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (Italy Hungary, Italy (Italy would move to the would move to the other side) & the other side) & the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire.

The Central Powers

Austria-Hungarian

Empire

German Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Allied Nations

Great Britain

France Russian Empire

GermanyGermany► Competition among European powers Competition among European powers

caused tension.caused tension.

I.I. Germany grows into an economic & Germany grows into an economic & military powerhouse.military powerhouse.

A. Britain felt threatened by A. Britain felt threatened by GermanyGermany

B. Germany felt that the other Euro B. Germany felt that the other Euro powers did not give it the respect it powers did not give it the respect it deserved.deserved.

C. Competition for more land C. Competition for more land brought the Euro powers close to war brought the Euro powers close to war on several occasions.on several occasions.

Aggressive NationalismAggressive Nationalism Nationalism was strong in both Nationalism was strong in both

Germany & France.Germany & France. Germany was proud of their military Germany was proud of their military

strength & industrial leadership.strength & industrial leadership. France was still bitter about their loss France was still bitter about their loss

in the Franco-Prussian war and wanted in the Franco-Prussian war and wanted to recover their lost territory-the to recover their lost territory-the Alsace-Lorraine. Alsace-Lorraine.

Russia was advocating a powerful form Russia was advocating a powerful form of nationalism known as Pan-Slavism-of nationalism known as Pan-Slavism-Russia felt it had a duty to lead & Russia felt it had a duty to lead & defend all Slavs including Serbia.defend all Slavs including Serbia.

Fear of Rising NationalismFear of Rising Nationalism Two old multinational empires feared Two old multinational empires feared

rising nationalism:rising nationalism:1. Austria-Hungary-feared it might 1. Austria-Hungary-feared it might start rebellion among the many start rebellion among the many minority populations.minority populations.2. Ottoman Turkey-felt threatened 2. Ottoman Turkey-felt threatened by nearby newly formed nations by nearby newly formed nations (such as Serbia).(such as Serbia).

1912 Several Balkan States took a 1912 Several Balkan States took a large area of land from Turkish large area of land from Turkish control-then they fought amongst control-then they fought amongst themselves over the land.themselves over the land.

The Powder Keg Ignites• B.G.-In 1914 Bosnia was under

the control of A-H. It was also the home of many Serbs & Slavs.

I. Archduke Ferdinand was to visit Sarajevo (the capital of Bosnia)A. News of the royal visit angered Serbian Nationalists.B. The Black Hand Group (Unity or Death) took Action.

PK Cont’dII. The Assassination

A. The Archduke would ignore warnings & visit Sarajevo anyways.B. June 28, 1914 Archduke & his wife are shot & killed by Gavrilo Princip.

The car the Archduke & Sophie ->were riding in.

The above is a picture of the wrong man The above is a picture of the wrong man being arrested for the murder of Archduke.being arrested for the murder of Archduke.

The Browning FN Model 1910: The Gun that Killed

8.5 million People

• Archduke’s bloodstained coat

Chain Reaction FollowsChain Reaction FollowsAustria Strikes back-the gov’t in Vienna Austria Strikes back-the gov’t in Vienna

saw this as an opportunity to crush Serbia saw this as an opportunity to crush Serbia (despite Francis Joseph being reluctant to (despite Francis Joseph being reluctant to go to war).go to war).

In Berlin, Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II-he In Berlin, Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II-he wrote to Francis Joseph & offered him a wrote to Francis Joseph & offered him a “blank check” (promise of unconditional “blank check” (promise of unconditional support no matter what the cost) to take a support no matter what the cost) to take a firm stand against Serbia.firm stand against Serbia.

Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum-Serbia Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum-Serbia didn’t agree to all of it. didn’t agree to all of it.

CR Cont’dCR Cont’dWhen Serbia refuses to meet all the When Serbia refuses to meet all the

demands-Austria-Hungary declares war demands-Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia- on Serbia- July 28, 1914July 28, 1914

Alliances Kick InAlliances Kick InCountryCountry Allied WithAllied With Reason for EnteringReason for Entering

A-HA-H GermanyGermany Punish SerbiaPunish Serbia

GermanyGermany A-HA-H Only dependable AllyOnly dependable Ally

SerbiaSerbia RussiaRussia Attacked by A-H due to Attacked by A-H due to assassinationassassination

RussiaRussia Serbia, France, Serbia, France, BritainBritain

Defend Slavs in SerbiaDefend Slavs in Serbia

FranceFrance Russia & BritainRussia & Britain Didn’t want to face Didn’t want to face Germany aloneGermany alone

BelgiumBelgium NeutralNeutral Invaded by GermanyInvaded by Germany

BritainBritain France & France & RussiaRussia

Outraged by invasion of Outraged by invasion of BelgiumBelgium

Germany Invades BelgiumGermany Invades Belgium By early August neither Italy or Britain had By early August neither Italy or Britain had

joined the war.joined the war. The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan

*Germany’s military strategy depended on *Germany’s military strategy depended on speed-the plan was to avoid a 2-front war.speed-the plan was to avoid a 2-front war.

*Germany needed to defeat France quickly-*Germany needed to defeat France quickly-then they would turn around & fight Russia.then they would turn around & fight Russia.

*Germany invaded neutral Belgium to *Germany invaded neutral Belgium to surprise attack France-this enraged Britain.surprise attack France-this enraged Britain.

*Britain declared war on Germany on *Britain declared war on Germany on August 4August 4thth..

Reactions to WarReactions to War Before the breakout of the Great War Before the breakout of the Great War

countries were troubled with domestic issues countries were troubled with domestic issues (issues w/in their own countries).(issues w/in their own countries).

The war created a new sense of Patriotism & The war created a new sense of Patriotism & gave countries temporary relief from these gave countries temporary relief from these issues as they focused on the war.issues as they focused on the war.

British Diplomat, Edward Grey, was less British Diplomat, Edward Grey, was less positive “The lamps are going out all over positive “The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”our lifetime.”