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THE GREAT THE GREAT WARWAR
WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I
A Close Family TreeA Close Family TreeQueen Queen
VictoriaVictoria
of England -of England -Grand Mother Grand Mother
to royalty of to royalty of
Europe Europe
(German States, England, Denmark, Russia and more)(German States, England, Denmark, Russia and more)
The Intertwining Royal Families The Intertwining Royal Families of Europeof Europe
Queen Victoria (1819-1901)Queen Victoria (1819-1901)
Victoria m. Frederick III (Prussia) Alice m. Louis of Hesse Edward VIIVictoria m. Frederick III (Prussia) Alice m. Louis of Hesse Edward VII
6 6 othersothers
Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II Nicholas II Nicholas II m. Alexandram. Alexandra King George VKing George V
King George V Tsar Nicholas IIKing George V Tsar Nicholas II
Background CausesBackground CausesNationalismNationalism Self-Self-
DeterminationDetermination Pan-SlavismPan-Slavism
ImperialismImperialism Economic Economic
competitioncompetition
The Background The Background Continued…Continued…MilitarismMilitarism
Bismarck,Bismarck,
Clausewitz &Clausewitz &
The Kaiser The Kaiser
System of System of AlliancesAlliances-Allies Vs. -Allies Vs.
Central PowersCentral Powers
Kaiser Wilhelm II Kaiser Wilhelm II Reviewing the TroopsReviewing the Troops
The Allied Powers (Allies)The Allied Powers (Allies)
France, France, England, England, Russia Russia (later Italy and (later Italy and
the United the United States)States)
ENGLISH SOLDIER
FRENCH SOLDIER
RUSSIAN OFFICER
The Central PowersThe Central Powers
Germans, Germans, Austro-Austro-Hungarians Hungarians and the and the Ottoman Ottoman EmpireEmpire
German Pickelhaube
AUSTRIAN SOLDIER
OTTOMAN SOLDIER
The SparkThe SparkGavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip and the Black and the Black HandHand
Archduke Archduke Franz Franz FerdinandFerdinand
The Assassination The Assassination and the Arrestand the Arrest
Franz Ferdinand’s FuneralFranz Ferdinand’s Funeral
The Pieces Fall into PlaceThe Pieces Fall into Place
The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan --Anticipate Anticipate French French
Border Border DefenseDefense
--Anticipate Anticipate Long Long
Russian Russian Prep Time Prep Time
Schlieffen Plan ContinuedSchlieffen Plan Continued
England, with England, with
no Landing no Landing
Area, would Area, would sue for peacesue for peace
France & UK France & UK gone, can gone, can
now focus on now focus on RussiaRussia
Germany enters Belgium…Germany enters Belgium…
The Plans falls ApartThe Plans falls Apart The Battle The Battle of the of the
MarneMarne
Taxis to the RescueTaxis to the Rescue
The Plan Falls Apart, Part IIThe Plan Falls Apart, Part II
German Victory German Victory at Tannenburgat Tannenburg A Devastating A Devastating
VictoryVictory Pulls Germany Pulls Germany
into vacuum, into vacuum, ends holding ends holding maneuvermaneuver
"It's an honour to make such a sacrifice for our allies" - Nicholas II
Russian Prisoners at TannenburgRussian Prisoners at Tannenburg
The Race to the Sea & The Race to the Sea & Stalemate Stalemate
Trench Trench
WarfareWarfare
German troops make trenchesGerman troops make trenches
New Horrors of WarNew Horrors of War
The TankThe Tank At the Somme, UK At the Somme, UK
Machine GunsMachine Guns
New BattleshipsNew Battleships
French 75 Gun, 1914French 75 Gun, 1914
More Horrors of War…More Horrors of War…
U-BoatsU-Boats
AirplanesAirplanes
And Even More Horrors!!!And Even More Horrors!!!
Poison GasPoison Gas
Flame ThrowersFlame Throwers
GrenadesGrenades
The Western FrontThe Western Front
Verdun Verdun German German
OffensiveOffensive
SommeSomme UK & FrenchUK & French
Christmas, 1914Christmas, 1914• German and
British soldiers fraternizing in No Man's Land, Christmas 1914
The Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front
GallipoliGallipoli Russia failingRussia failing Promise of the Promise of the
DardanellesDardanelles
Mustafa Kemal Mustafa Kemal AtaturkAtaturk
On the SeasOn the SeasUK Blockade of UK Blockade of GermanyGermany
U-BoatsU-Boats
Sussex Sussex
PledgePledge
Russia Defeated - 1917Russia Defeated - 1917February February RevolutionRevolution Nicholas IINicholas II
abdicatesabdicates
October October RevolutionRevolution Sealed TrainSealed Train Treaty of Treaty of
Brest-LitovskBrest-Litovsk
Total WarTotal War Governments use all Governments use all
tools in their societies tools in their societies to fight:to fight: ConscriptionConscription RationingRationing CensoringCensoring Women in businessWomen in business Colonies (freedom?)Colonies (freedom?)
War Crimes in ArmeniaWar Crimes in ArmeniaOttoman Turks fear Ottoman Turks fear Armenian support of Armenian support of Russia (Christian V Islam)Russia (Christian V Islam)
The solution: men, women The solution: men, women and children marched into and children marched into the desert till dead from the desert till dead from exposure and dehydrationexposure and dehydration
1915-19181915-1918
1.5 Million Dead1.5 Million Dead
Enter the AmericansEnter the Americans
Zimmermann Zimmermann TelegramTelegram
Unrestricted Unrestricted Sub WarfareSub Warfare LusitaniaLusitania
April 2, 1917April 2, 1917
The Tide TurnsThe Tide TurnsThe US & the The US & the Convoy SystemConvoy System
Doughboys tip Doughboys tip scales, Germans scales, Germans deep into their deep into their reserves…reserves…
Ottomans and Ottomans and Austrians surrenderAustrians surrender
The End of the WarThe End of the WarFailed German Failed German OffensiveOffensiveAmericans and Americans and Allies push Allies push Germany to its Germany to its borders…borders…Armistice Armistice 11/11 at 11 am11/11 at 11 am in 1918in 1918
Clemenceau, Orlando, Lloyd-George & Wilson
A New Map of EuropeA New Map of EuropeVersailles & Versailles &
The 14 PointsThe 14 Points The Big 4The Big 4 Poland, the Poland, the
Baltic States,Baltic States, Finland, Ireland,Finland, Ireland,Czechoslovakia…Czechoslovakia…
The LeagueThe League of Nationsof Nations
Results of the WarResults of the WarThe numbersThe numbers:: 24 Million + dead24 Million + dead
(more civilians (15) (more civilians (15) than soldiers (9) !!!)than soldiers (9) !!!)
21 million+ wounded21 million+ wounded
NationalismNationalism-Sykes-Picot deal,1916-Sykes-Picot deal,1916
CommunismCommunismGerman AngerGerman AngerUS THE world powerUS THE world power