The Greeks:Legacies
Geography
Chronology
• Archaic Greece (3000-1600 B.C.) • Mycenaen Greece (1600-1200 B.C.) • Dark Ages (1200-800 B.C.) • Greek Renaissance (800-600 B.C.)• Classical or Hellenic Greece (600-323 B.C.) • Hellenistic Greece (323-31 B.C.)
The Polis (City-State)
Democracy
Intellectual Inheritances:Order & Meaning in the Universe
Virtue
sophrosyn (moderation, self-control) hubris (pride, arrogance, unbridled ambition)
philosophy ("love of wisdom")
phenomena of the universe explained by natural causes
Sophists submitted all conventional beliefs to the test of rational criticism
human excellence or virtue is knowledge, and evil and error are the result of ignorance
truth exists, but only in the realm of thought, the spiritual world of Ideas or Forms
Plato’s The Republic:concept of an ideal state
"philosophy of human affairs": object is the acquisition and maintenance of human
happiness
Aristotle, Ethics:two kinds of virtue (arete)
intellectual moral
Hippocrates: disease resulted from natural, not supernatural, causes
four liquids or humors
• Blood
• Phlegm
• Black bile
• Yellow bile