The Growth of a Young Nation
The Jeffersonian Era
Thomas Jefferson elected president in 1800 (beats opponent & incumbent president, John Adams)
Jeffersonian republicanism–decentralized power; cut spending, taxes
The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson buys the Louisiana Territory from France in Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase more than doubles the size of the U.S.
Meriwether Lewis, William Clark lead expedition to Territory in 1804
The Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine (1823) warns Europe not to interfere in Americas
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny–belief that God wants U.S. to extend to Pacific
Santa Fe Trail & Oregon Trail
Settlers and pioneers seek land and opportunity westward
The California Gold Rush
1848, gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California
Forty-niners, or gold prospectors, come from East, Mexico, & overseas
The Golden Economy
Gold finances growth of farming, manufacturing, shipping, banking
San Francisco becomes supply center, major port
“Go West, Young Man!”-New York editor Horace Greeley advises youth to go after gold in CA
The Second Great Awakening
1790s-1840s, Second arouses religious feelings
Revival meetings last for days: impassioned preaching, Bible study
Membership in churches rises dramatically
Slavery and AbolitionAbolition Movement: movement to end slavery
William Lloyd Garrison, white abolitionist, publishes The Liberator, demands immediate emancipation
Frederick Douglass, former slave, speaks out against slavery
The North Star, Douglass’ antislavery newspaper
Women and Reform
Women restricted to home and family
Work on abolition, temperance, treatment of mentally ill, prisoners
Women’s Right Movement Emerges
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, call women’s rights convention
1848 Seneca Falls Convention approves declaration of women’s rights
Sojourner Truth speaks for African-American women