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CHAPTER V

THE GROWTH OF CRIME RATES IN MAHARASHTRA

5.1: Introduction:

The rapidly increasing crimes & the spatical concentration of them have been the

most disturbing factors in industrial society. The literacy state is high in the wean

society; the criminal tendency is so dominate there. According to Mishap (1967), the

increasing the crimes & social conflicts as being external discontents, arrive from the

political observation of government with economics growth and a neglect of the

social consequence accompanying such politics. In the words of Harries, (1974).The

public opinion Pre- indicates that crime is very important issue in the urban complex.

Table 5.1

Cognigable Crimes in Maharashtra (1984-2004)

Name of the

crime 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2004

Murder 1580 2179 2248 2772 3121 2826 2696

Attempt to

murder 580 837 956 1298 1587 1322 1463

Rape 428 690 781 869 1145 1246 1388

Dacoity 633 632 687 812 772 716 629

Robbery 3222 3224 3346 3496 3367 2783 2229

House

breaking theft. 14947 14035 14707 15008 15626 15968 14659

Theft. 51587 53156 56153 57795 52192 46233 43952

Roit. 3765 4831 3766 3847 4401 6871 5980

Hurt. 17361 25938 29280 31078 29697 31332 30122

Figure

Figure

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1981

No

. o

f C

og

nig

ible

Cri

me

Growth of Crime Rate in Maharashtra

2

Figure 5.1: Growth of crime rate in Maharashtra

Figure 5.2: Growth of crime rate in Maharashtra

1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2004

Year

Growth of Crime Rate in Maharashtra(1981 to 2004)

Murder

Attempt to Murder

Rape

Dacoity

2004

Attempt to Murder

Dacoity

3

Table 5.2 Non cognigable crime

Name of

the crime

1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2004

Gambling 39520 48743 42923 38954 37932 15033 21331

Prohibition 157053 153549 160398 141333 128737 105584 121028

Fig 5.3: Growth of Crime rate in Maharashtra (Non cognigable crimes)

4

The state of Maharashtra is one of the fore runners states in terms of

economical industrial and agricultural field in India. Similarly, the growth of

population is very tremendous. Though we find tremendous development and

progress in Maharashtra, we also noticed the rate of crime has gone up equally

speedly. The crime have been classified in two different types, cognigeable and non

cognigeable.

Table no 5.1 shows that the growth of different cognigible crimes in

Maharashtra during period of 1981 -2004. It indicates that the growth of murder,

attempts to murder, rape and theft has been increased from 1981 upto 1993. But from

1997- 2004, the growth of these crimes has decreased. The growth rate of dacoity

robbery and house breaking theft has been increased from 1981-1990 however after

1990 the growth of these crimes has decreased.

The increasing trend of the crime of riot is shown contunuosely. Similarly the

growth of crime hurt also increased upto 1997. It reveals that the general increasing

growth pattern of all crimes is shown upto 1993 and it has been declared from 1997.

Table no 5.2 indicates that the growth of non-ccognigible crimes in

Maharashtra. The two crimes of gambling and prohibition are included in this

category. The growth of these two crimes was bery high in different periods from

1981to 1987. The rate of these crimes is increased but in 1990 to 2004 it is

decreasing.

This chapter deals with the growth of the crime of murder in the state of

Maharashtra in the year 1981, 1984, 1987,1990,1993,1997 & 2004. The discussion

confines to district level to identity. The districts with the high concentration of

murder & the areas with negligible amount of such cases.

5.2 The Growth of Crime of Murder: (1984-2004)

Murder can be defined as a crime of Taking some ones life by killing a relative a

friends of any person with whom the offender has same enmity of has a desire to

plunder someone for money or property am act of murder is performed due to some

strong inner forces, sometime consciously & sometimes unconsciously. Its

implications remain more complex than in other crimes. We read in newspapers the

stereo-type motives behind According to Indian Penal Code, it is an act of causing

death of a human being with requisite knowledge & intention. This is definition has a

5

number of loopholes, by the murder cases mostly published to create sensation the

different newspaper express different motives behind the same cases.

The Crime of Murder:

It is almost beyond the knowledge of the criminal, and he is not conscious of also of

the inner forces that make him do an act murder, and its implications are implicating

more in complexity than any other crime, However, the newspaper make the news

their and publish murders than every nook and corner in a stereo type of publicity, the

news items of murder in the newspaper s indicate diversities of motives in ale the

murder cases.

Every year hundreds of murders are committed in Maharashtra majority of murder are

found to be due to party politics, sexual intrigues, language and trouble making. Only

a few murders are such that they are done for pens and gain and whim. The cause for

murder has psychological roof in the aggressive killer who takes resort to attack and

defense. A state like Maharashtra, which is rapidly increasing in population, so

naturally life is cheap which can be destroyed accepted violently or in a normal way.

Such things like murder are accepted by the public with a usual sense of resignation

The persons who assaults or moment homicides and the situations under

which they act are more varied than the categories of murder man slaughter and

assaults homicidal personal and violent way. This homicidal person in negligent and

his behavior is serious assaults over the victim. Many of these criminals have an

international setting and a role of career of killing concept. They have another

background of social class , with a family back ground having peerage group of

association and defending agencies.

The definition of “murder” according to the Indian penal code is that “it is an

act of causing death of a human being with requisites knowledge and intention”.

There are a number of loop holes in the low by which the degree of murder is reduced

and even free the culprit from the blame and its consequences.

Murder is a major cognizable offence in the pen code. Yet, in Maharashtra, the

case of murder are prevalent in a wide spread way. The statistics of murders cases

show that the murder incidents are increasing since 1981 in Maharashtra.

Temporal and Ecological characteristics of murder:

6

In Philadelphia, murder cases were studied and it was found homicides occurred

frequently on week ends was found homicides occurred frequently on weekends 66

percent murder happened between Friday and Sunday and 32% murders happened on

Saturday only. (Wolfgang, patterns of criminal Homicide; pp 96 - 119). Bensing and

Schroeder found that 62percent of the homicides occurred in cleveland on the same

three days (Being and Schroeder, “Homicides in an urban community” pp; 8-10)while

locating occurrence of the act of violence, more particularly in both Philadelphia and

Cleveland cases, it was found that the criminal events commonly took place between

8.00 pm and 2.00 am. (Ref:- Bensing and Scherodes, “Homicides in an urban

community’’ pp 8-10, Wolfgang “Patterns of criminal Homicides pp 96 – 119”).

In every case, the unsteady state of the mind of the criminal in doing violence

was observed and they had relations to the particular days of the week labour and

weekend leisure Proximity of persons increased the use of drinks by which the

weekends served to increase the potential for their violent out burst.

The murder percentage has double the span of 25 years in Maharashtra. According to

the rate of percentage, we can divide them into three categories as under:

High crime regions in Maharashtra

Medium crime regions in Maharashtra

Low crime regions in Maharashtra

1. High crime regions in Maharashtra:

The district level data (Table No.5.3) between 1981 to 2004 shows that the

bulk of murders have gone up in most districts of Maharashtra from 1981 – 2004. In

the districts of Osmanabad (Solapur rural, Thane rural and Thane city, Ahamednagar,

Nasik rural, the murders are much more in 1981. Murder is a big problem in solapur

rural and Thane rural area. Similarly Ahamadnagar Nasik and Thane rural have

reported increase in the bulk of murder cases. A part of central Maharashtra has high

proportion of crimes in the state from 1981 to 2004. It is very remarkable that this

area in ranked high in most of the cognizable crimes. In 1981, the rate of crimes was

high in districts namely.

Thane city 4.55 percent, Nasik rural 4.30 percent, Ahamednagar 4.05 percent, Solapur

rural 6.51 percent highest in the state Osmanabad 4.30 percent

7

In 1984, only Solapur rural, Thane rural, Thane city and Bombay city were the

high criminal regions. In Bombay city 13.14 percent, Thane city 4.55 percent, Thane

rural 4.37 percent and Solapur rural 6.51 percent.

In 1987, Solapur had 4.31 percent, Thane rural 4.53percent, Nagpur 4.53

percent, Thane city 6.58 percent and Bombay 12.67 percent, in 1990, the reported

percentage of murder crimes were: Solapur rural 5.19 percent, Thane rural 5.48

percent, Nagpur 4.32 percent and Bombay city 15.76 percent, in the year 1993 only

three districts are found to be highest in murder crimes Thane rural 4.61 percent,

Thane city 4.54 percent, Bombay city 22.01 percent, in the year 1997, Thane rural

4.63 percent, Nagpur city 4.67 percent, Thane city 5.34 percent, and Bombay city

10.19 percent murders were respectively.

In the year 2004 the murder crimes recorded were Pune 4.90 percent, Thane rural 5.34

percent, Nagpur city 4.15 percent, Bombay city 9.38 percent.

During last ten years the bulk of murder crimes have slowly decreased in Thane rural

Thane city and Bombay city. These are usually high crimes regions in Maharashtra.

Due to factors the above regions were classified as crime regions. Those factors can

be enumerated as below.Many crime areas are of hot temperature and the scarcity of

rains we may include them drought areas.In these parts property disputes are

numerous which lead to numbers.The areas characteristics of their frontiers which

does not allow a stable social mould capable of meaningfully enclosing the individual

and the group behavior.The political competition and participation of the youth.

Communalism, castism, class conflict, sexual dealings and personal recourses to

vengeance (bloodthirsty)

Jealousy in partnership arising out of frustrated love.

Aggressive type of murders belongs to a separate category in which the most frequent

murders are due alcoholic condition. In Maharashtra drunkenness plays a big part in

murders, assaults and rioting. These are the motivations for murder. In particular parts

of Maharashtra the murder crime rate is high.

Every year hundred of murder is committed on Maharashtra state. Majority of them

are found to have been committed due to reasons like party fends sexual intrigues,

revenge, earning easy money, usurping areas property, either for more enjoyment or

8

for earning name & publicity or just to spread dread. In a few areas, murder is

committed for some personal gains & for killing. Often psychological roots have

been observed in an aggressive murder that resorts to attack & defend him. A state of

Maharashtra here population has been increasing so rapidly, life seems it have lost its

value. If has became so cheap that can be destroyed easily. Now murders are

accepted by the public with a general of resignation.

Temporal & Ecological Characteristics of Murders:

In Philadelphia, murder cases were studied & it was found that homicides

occurred frequently on weekends. Of the total 66 percent murders happened only on

Saturdays. Bemusing & Schroeder discovered that 62 percent of the total homicides

occurred in Cleveland on the some there day. While locating occurrence of the act of

violence more particularly in both, Philadelphia & Cleveland, it was found that the

criminal events commonly took place between 8.00 pm & 2.00 am. In every case, the

unsteady state of criminal mind engaged in violence was observed. According to

which, it became clear that the particular days of the week of labor & weekend leisure

had a peculiar association. Proximity of persons increased the use of drinks by which

the weekends served increase the potential for the violent outbursts of crimes.

Table 5.3 shows that the actual number of murder cases has increased in Maharashtra

from 1580 in 1981 to 2178 in 1984. During this period, the decline in rainfall &

consequential low agricultural production might have severely affected the various

communities. As has been discovered, more the financial problems, higher are the rate

of crimes.

It also has been found that the growths of murder cases at district level ranges from

the minimum of 1.79% in Kolhapur district to the maximum of 3.04% in Ratanagiri

district. In contrast to this observation the substantial decline in the growth rate of

murder cases also has been seen in the year 1984 in Akola, Beed, Nanded, Jalgaon,

Sangli & Thane districts. While the same rate has been observed below 0% in Satara,

Pharbhani, Yavatmal, Solhapur ,Osmanabad ,Buldhana districts. The average growth

rate in Maharashtra state has been 37.91 percent.

In the year 1987, 2248 murder cases were in the Maharashtra. The overall increase

indicated is 3.17% over the previous percentage recorded in 1984. The highest of it

was registered in Parbhani district (71.79%). While the lowest of it was found in

9

Osmanabad district (2.98%). The high growth rate of murder cases was discovered in

Nagpur, Kolhapur,Yavatmal, Buldhana, Satara, Dhule, Beed & Bhandara. Of these

eight districts, Kolhapur and Satara are well developed & well settled, economically,

industrially & politically. The political brawls & discontents, envy about one’s

superiority have been the reasons behind these cases in these two districts. On the

other hand, the hot climate prevalence of drought, desire to earn easy money, Poverty,

financial crises have been the responsible facts for such cases in Yavatmal, Buldhana,

Dhule, Beed and Bhanadara districts. Converse to this, the districts like Mumba,

Thane, Sangli, Raigad, Naded, Aurangabad & Ratanagiri, registered this crime cases

below 0 % (Minimum 0 %).

In the year 1990, the total number of murder crimes registered was 2772, which

indications on overall increase of 23.31% over that of registered in 1987. The growth

rate of murder cases at district level ranges from the minimum of 3.54 % in Satara

district to the maximum of 66% in Chandrapur district. Out of the total districts of

Maharashtra, 21 districts indicate high growth rate of murder crime, & the remained

ones except for Yavatmal, Amaravati, Sangli, Vardha and Pharabhani where it is

negative show the positive growth trend.

From the year 1990 to 1993, it appears that the growth rate of murder cases has taken

towards ascending tendency. The highest number of cases was registered in the

district of Mumbai, Yavatmal, Sangli, Beed, Amaravati, Parabhani, Nanded, Nagapur,

Jalgaon & Chandrapur. In Mumbai district, the murder crime increased to 57.21%, &

in the district of Yavatmal, it increased to 33.33% in the year 1993. The total number

of cases registered was 3121 in all the districts of Maharashtra, Which indicate the

overall growth rate at 12.59% many districts such as Nashik, Ahamadnagar, Thane,

Buldhana, Dhule , Kolhapur, Akola , Bhandara, Satara and Solapur indicate the

growth rate below 0%. The table 3.1 reveals one striking feature that is in 1993, the

great number of murder happened for no specific motives or cases.

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Table No 5.3

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Murder

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Ratnagiri 90.40 Parbhani 71.79 Chandrapur 66.00 G. Bombay 57.21 Akola 57.14 Osmanabad 57.35

2 Akola 78.95 Nagpur 25.00 Nagpur 60.00 Yavatmal 33.33 Bhandara 54.10 Raigad 38.64

3 Beed 77.27 Kolhapur 24.56 G. Bombay 53.33 Sangli 25.86 Buldhana 43.14 Nasik 36.62

4 Nanded 35.42 Yavatmal 20.00 Thane 49.02 Beed 25.00 Satara 41.51 Pune 33.33

5 Jalgaon 33.33 Buldhana 18.18 Solapur 48.45 Amravati 22.37 Nagpur 15.12 Aurangabad 20.98

6 Sangli 32.69 Satara 16.36 Nanded 47.06 Parbhani 21.43 Amravati 12.90 Parbhani 10.00

7 Thane 31.76 Dhule 16.18 Pune 44.12 Nanded 21.33 Dhule 10.11 Thane 9.92

8 Wardha 24.32 Beed 15.38 Buldhana 43.59 Nagpur 19.44 Yavatmal 9.72 Sangli 7.81

9 Aurangabad 22.89 Bhandara 15.09 Beed 33.33 Jalgaon 18.18 Chandrapur 8.16 Ahmadnagar 3.16

10 Amravati 22.81 Amravati 12.86 Ahmadnagar 31.51 Chandrapur 18.07 Nanded 7.69 Solapur 1.05

11 Pune 13.79 Jalgaon 12.50 Kolhapur 25.35 Osmanabad 14.66 Parbhani 2.94 Akola 0.00

12 Nasik 13.24 Solapur 8.99 Dhule 24.05 Wardha 8.70 Ahmadnagar 2.15 Chandrapur 0.00

13 Raigad 11.32 Wardha 8.70 Jalgaon 22.22 Raigad 5.36 Solapur -1.04 Yavatmal 0.00

14 Nagpur 9.09 Ahmadnagar 7.35 Bhandara 18.03 Pune 5.10 Pune -3.88 G. Bombay -2.78

15 Dhule 7.94 Nasik 6.49 Akola 15.79 Aurangabad 2.27 Jalgaon -7.09 Nanded -7.14

16 Chandrapur 6.52 Pune 3.03 Nasik 14.63 Ratnagiri 2.27 Wardha -8.00 Wardha -8.70

17 Ahmadnagar 6.25 Chandrapur 2.04 Osmanabad 11.94 Nasik -1.06 Thane -9.03 Beed -10.94

18 Bhandara 6.00 Osmanabad 2.98 Aurangabad 11.39 Ahmadnagar -3.13 Aurangabad -10.00 Kolhapur -12.90

19 Kolhapur 1.79 G. Bombay -2.73 Raigad 7.69 Thane -5.26 Sangli -12.33 Jalgaon -13.54

20 Satara -1.79 Thane -8.93 Ratnagiri 7.31 Buldhana -8.93 Beed 14.67 Satara -21.33

21 Parbhani -2.50 Sangli -10.14 Satara 3.13 Dhule -9.18 Osmanabad -20.93 Ratnagiri -25.71

22 Yavatmal -4.26 Raigad -11.86 Yavatmal 0.00 Kolhapur -11.24 Kolhapur -21.52 Nagpur -28.28

23 Solapur -13.59 Akola -16.18 Amravati -3.80 Akola -15.15 Ratnagiri -22.22 Dhule -31.67

24 Osmanabad -33.67 Nanded -21.54 Sangli -6.45 Bhandara -15.28 Nasik -23.66 Buldhana -34.25

25 Buldhana -36.54 Aurangabad -22.54 Wardha -8.00 Satara -19.70 Raigad -25.42 Amravati -42.86

26 G. Bombay NA Ratnagiri -58.16 Parbhani -16.42 Solapur -33.33 G. Bombay -52.98 Bhandara -47.87

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

37.91 3.17 Maharashtra

States


States

-9.45 -4.60

11

The table further reveals that the volume of murder cases has decreased during

the period of years 1997 to 2004. The year 1997 registered 2826 as the total number

of murder cases which indicate the overall decrease of -9.45% over that of in 1993. In

this year, the maximum growth rate was seen in Akola district which was 57.14%

followed by Bhandara where it was 54.10% the minimum was found in Ahamadnagar

which amounted to 2.15%. The positive growth rate was found in 12 districts while 26

districts indicate negative trend.

In the year 2004, the total number of murder cases registered was 2696, which

shows an overall decrease by -4.60% the maximum growth rate of the cases was

57.35% found in Osmanabad district, followed by Pune with 33.33% & Aurangabad

with 20.98%. Parabhani showed 10.00%, Thane 9.92%, Sangli 7.81%, Ahamadnagar

3.16% and Solapur just 1.05%. But Akola, Chandrapur & Yavatmal registered 0%

and the rate of the 13 districts indicate negative trend.

Though the years 1997 and 2004, indicate the overall decrease in the number

murder cases, the shocking thing found is , the more crimes occur in the urban

areas which are agriculturally & industrially well developed as well as in the areas

which are drought proned. The data collected reveals that there had been the decreases

in murder cases (from -9.45% in 1997 to – 4.60% in 2004). The reasons for such

descending trend could be the following ones:

1) The person who communist such an act of murder knows very well how

imminently dangerous it can be, that may probably cause physical Injury of death.

Perhaps, the knowledge & the awareness about the sequences prior to the act have

reduced the growth rate of murder cases during the period mentioned above.

2) Higher percentage of literacy has definite close association with the lower

occurances of such crimes. Maharashtra has some district like Pune, kolhapur,

Nagpur, Ahmadnagar & Satara with high literacy percentage.Consequently there low

growth of crime of murder.

3) The district having overall development economically sound conditions &

even cultural richness have contributed to bring down the crime rate.

4) The low growth rate of crime in districts like Akola, Aurangabad, Satara,

Sangli., Buldhana , Ratnagiri, Nashik, Raigad, Jalgaon & Dhule can be attributed to

the increasing awareness among the masses regarding avaricious act of murder.

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5.3 Attempts to Murder: (1984-2004)

The second major & serious, cognizable crime is an attempt to murder. According to

Indian penal code(IPC), an attempt to murder is, “ whoever does any act with an

intention to cause death would be held guilty & shall be punished with imprisonment

of either 104 for a term which may be extended to ten year, & shall also be liable to

fine, & if, hurt is caused to any person by such an act, the offender shall be liable

either to 104 ( imprisonment for life) or to such punishment as is herein before

mentioned.

A person involved in an attempt to murder case is psychologically unbalanced,

disturbed person, who suffers from certain phobia, & jealousy emerging out of family

feuds & brawls & hence, the culprit attempt to remove the one whom he holds his

opponent. Under such circumstance, he seems to have lost his senses, his wit &

hence, beyond understanding the seriousness of punishment his crime may incur. The

offence of attempting to murder is equivalent to actual murder. Sometime such

crimes are done by persons at the commands of some politically influential persons or

some landlords, where, it is done to gain some money for meeting the daily need.

Sometimes, it is done under the effect of mob psychology. At such occasions, the

culprit, whether literate or illiterate, doesn’t matter. The offence sometimes is

committed unceasingly under the influence of uncontrollable anger, superiority

complex, person’s prejudices etc. In Maharashtra, it is observed that the crime of

attempt to murder has occurred in the areas which are drought prone as well the areas

which have ample rainfall. The majority of the criminals involved in this crime are

found to be the youngsters who are swayed away by the false impact of T.V.

programs & hot scenes in films. The influence of weather, the climatic conditions &

geographical features also affect the minds of the inhabitants of peculiar districts

which induce them to commit crimes such as attempt to murder. Table 4.4

In the year 1981, the total number of cases of attempt to murder in Maharashtra

registered was 580 & in the year 1984, it was 837. The average percentage of the

growth rate of this crime in Maharashtra was 4.31%. The highest percentage was

recorded in Bhandara district which amounted to 6.25% & the minimum of it was

found in Kolhapur district which was as low as 4.76% and Pune 4.00%. The growth

13

Table No 5.4

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Attempts to murder

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Bhandara 625.00 Yavatmal 141.67 Bhandara 120.00 Buldhana 116.67 Solapur 67.86 Parbhani 107.41

2 Yavatmal 300.00 Satara 122.22 Solapur 103.85 Beed 96.30 Pune 59.26 Yavatmal 106.67

3 Wardha 127.27 Solapur 116.67 Chandrapur 100.00 Osmanabad 85.18 Sangli 28.57 Nanded 86.36

4 Beed 83.33 Sangli 100.00 Nanded 88.89 Parbhani 78.57 Thane 20.69 Nasik 86.36

5 Raigad 68.75 Nagpur 100.00 Bombay 88.66 Nanded 73.53 Nagpur 6.00 Kolhapur 68.75

6 Chandrapur 62.5 Chandrapur 61.53 Jalgaon 75.00 Nagpur 61.29 Chandrapur 2.04 Dhule 65.00

7 Parbhani 61.57 Beed 63.64 Sangli 71.43 Satara 58.62 Kolhapur 0.00 Ahmadnagar 32.56

8 Dhule 60.00 Aurangabad 54.83 Nasik 64.29 Yavatmal 51.85 Satara 0.00 Aurangabad 34.21

9 Thane 48.48 Akola 52.38 Ratnagiri 60.00 Akola 46.39 Wardha -3.70 Chandrapur 36.00

10 Aurangabad 34.78 Amravati 31.43 Parbhani 55.56 Jalgaon 38.78 Akola -10.00 Beed 27.27

11 Akola 31.25 Ahmadnagar 26.09 Beed 50.00 Bombay 25.08 Raigad -11.76 Thane 25.71

12 Nagpur 30.77 Bombay 16.27 Ahmadnagar 41.38 Ahmadnagar 24.39 Ahmadnagar -15.69 Akola 22.22

13 Nasik 27.55 Osmanabad 12.5 Dhule 30.77 Raigad 21.43 Buldhana 7.11 Jalgaon 21.88

14 Ahmadnagar 21.05 Raigad 11.11 Buldhana 28.57 Chandrapur 16.66 Ratnagiri 11.11 Buldhana 9.38

15 Osmanabad 20.00 Kolhapur 9.09 Akola 28.13 Wardha 17.39 Bhandara -19.44 Osmanabad 2.70

16 Jalgaon 08.00 Dhule 8.23 Wardha 27.78 Aurangabad 14.63 Nanded -25.42 Sangli -3.70

17 Kolhapur 4.76 Pune 3.85 Kolhapur 20.83 Kolhapur 10.34 Aurangabad -19.14 Wardha -3.85

18 Pune 4.00 Jalgaon 7.07 Pune 18.52 Ratnagiri 12.5 Osmanabad -26.00 Raigad -6.67

19 Nanded -13.04 Ratnagiri 0.00 Thane 17.65 Bhandara 9.09 Amravati -26.67 Solapur -8.51

20 Buldhana -28.57 Buldhana -6.67 Amravati 6.52 Dhule -5.88 Yavatmal -26.83 Amravati -15.15

21 Amravati -30.00 Nanded -10.00 Osmanabad 0.00 Amravati -8.16 Nasik -37.14 Bhandara -24.14

22 Satara -35.71 Parbhani -14.29 Yavatmal -6.90 Sangli -12.50 Dhule -37.50 Satara -25.93

23 Sangli -50.00 Wardha -28.00 Nagpur -8.82 Pune -15.63 Beed -37.74 Bombay -22.81

24 Ratnagiri -52.38 Nasik -24.32 Aurangabad 14.58 Nasik -23.91 Parbhani -46.00 Pune -27.91

25 Solapur -52.00 Thane -30.61 Satara -15.00 Thane -27.60 Jalgaon -52.94 Nagpur -49.06

26 Bombay NA Bhandara -48.28 Raigad 53.53 Solapur -47.17 Bombay -41.44 Ratnagiri -93.75

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States


States


States

-16.70 10.67

14

rate of this crime registered in other districts was as follows: Yavatmal 300%, Vardha

127.27%, Beed 83.33%, Raigad 68.75%, Chandrapur 62.5%, Parbhani 61.54% &

Dhule 60%. The district such as Yavatmal, Beed, Parbhani belong to not climatic

belt, while Bhandra, Raigad, Chandrapur and Dhule belong to tribal populated belt,

where illiteracy prevails & hence, disregard to law & order gains. The rest of the

district such as Thane, Aurangabad, Akola, Nagpur, Ahamednagar, Osmanabad,

Jalgaon, Kolhapur and Pune show the negative growth rate of this crime.

The comparision between the growth rates of this crime case recorded in 1987 with

that of in 1984, it is observed that there is reductions in the cases by 14.22%.In the

year 1987, the maximum percentage of this crime was recorded upto 141.67%.In

Yavatmal districts & the minimum of it to 7.70% in Jalgaon district. Ratnagiri district

recorded 0% growth & the district like Buldhana, Nanded, Parbhani , Vardha, Nashik,

Thane and Bhandara showed the negative trend.

The total number of cases of attempt to murder registered on Maharashtra in 1990 was

1298. The average growth rate amounts to 35.77% out of 26 districts, 11 districts

indicate the high growth rate which is above 50%. The other 11 districts show the

range of it “between” 6.52% to 43.38%. The remaining 4 district show shows the

negative trend. However, the comparison of the growth rate in 1990 with that of in

1987 appears almost doubled, which perhaps was due to political fends, elections

clashes, financial disputes, unemployment etc.

The year 1993, the average growth rate came down 22.27%. However, some district

like Buldhana (116.67%), Beed (96.30%), Osmanabad (85.18%), Parbhani (78.57%),

Nanded (73.53%) Nagpur(61.29%) & Satara (58.62%) registered the high growth

rate. Akola, Jalgaon , Mumbai, Ahmednagar , Raigad, Chandrapur, Vardha,

Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri & Bhandara district etc. Registered the cases

ranging from 9.09% to 46.39%. The rest of them, such as Sangli, Solapur, etc. showed

the negative trend.

In the years 1997 & 2004, again, it is observed that the growth rate has declined.In

the year 1997, the highest of it was registered in Solapur district which was 67.86%

followed by Pune ( 59.26%). Sangli registered 28.57%, Thane 20.64%, Nagpur

6.00% and Chandrapur , just 2.04% Kolhapur & Satara had 0% the remaining 16

districts indicated the negative rate.

15

In the year of 2004, the maximum growth rate of these cases was seen in

Parabhani (107.41%) the medium of it in Osmanabad (2.70%). The 10 districts

registered the minus growth rate.In comparison to the previous years, this year

recorded the lesser cases of attempt to murder. The reasons could be educational,

financial & industrial developments, awareness towards civilized outlook &

knowledge of law & order among the masses.

5.4 Growth Rate of Dacoits (1984-2004)

Dacoits, now-a- days on increasing crime, is certainly very harmful to the social life.

Dacoits, though, earn their livings through this act; they cause a lot of suffering,

physical & mental to those whom they loot. They cause serious injuries, sometimes,

permanent disabilities. Family lives are destroyed. In India different kinds of dacoits

are found. Some of them are professional worked out by gangs. Some create terror in

particular regions taking advantage of specific geographical conditions. These dacoits

exploit the people in the areas. In such cases, they target women & weak people.

Recently, it also has been discovered that the dacoits create disturbances at wedding

ceremonies & rob the wealth, ornaments & money off & run away with young girls &

women. The state of Maharashtra also has witnessed this serious offence.

16

Table No 5.5

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Dacoity

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Pune 1450.00 Wardha 200.00 Ratnagiri 500.00 Chandrapur 542.85 Akola 191.66 Nasik 233.33

2 Chandrapur 175.00 Yavatmal 168.75 Wardha 300.00 Sangli 450.00 Buldhana 133.33 Ratnagiri 200.00

3 Yavatmal 77.77 Parbhani 155.00 Mumbai 95.38 Bhandara 220.00 Nanded 93.44 Bhandara 166.66

4 Buldhana 63.63 Jalgaon 95.45 Ahmadnagar 72.22 Osmanabad 152.00 Pune 71.42 Raigad 160.00

5 Thane 48.64 Nagpur 90.00 Amravati 71.42 Beed 100.00 Bhandara 62.50 Osmanabad 103.12

6 Nasik 44.00 Akola 81.81 Nasik 64.70 Ratnagiri 80.00 Satara 33.33 Satara 100.00

7 Jalgaon 37.50 Aurangabad 72.22 Dhule 57.14 Dhule 68.18 Aurangabad 28.94 Nanded 89.13

8 Nagpur 25.00 Osmanabad 68.42 Thane 42.85 Nanded 52.50 Solapur 28.57 Aurangabad 63.26

9 Raigad 12.90 Amravati 55.55 Solapur 33.33 Nagpur 46.66 Jalgaon 23.52 Jalgaon 57.14

10 Akola 10.00 Satara 50.00 Kolhapur 30.00 Solapur 31.25 Thane 17.94 Thane 54.34

11 Dhule 4.00 Nanded 43.75 Pune 26.08 Ahmadnagar 12.90 Yavatmal 0.00 Pune 47.22

12 Aurangabad 0.00 Sangli 42.85 Osmanabad 21.42 Parbhani 08.69 Parbhani -04.00 Buldhana 9.92

13 Bhandara 0.00 Beed 41.66 Aurangabad 19.35 Thane -02.5 Wardha -14.28 Kolhapur -9.09

14 Kolhapur -6.66 Bhandara 25.00 Satara 16.66 Mumbai -7.87 Mumbai -15.38 Nagpur -15.38

15 Beed -7.69 Ahmadnagar 20.00 Buldhana 15.00 Raigad -10.52 Sangli -18.18 Wardha -16.66

16 Sangli -22.22 Chandrapur 15.38 Akola 10.00 Satara -14.28 Kolhapur -22.22 Chandrapur -26.66

17 Nanded -27.27 Mumbai 14.03 Bhandara 00.00 Amravati -16.66 Amravati -25.00 Sangli -33.33

18 Parbhani -44.44 Buldhana 11.11 Raigad -9.52 Jalgaon -26.08 Nagpur -40.90 Solapur -44.44

19 Ratnagiri -50.00 Pune -25.80 Nanded -13.04 Pune -27.58 Dhule -43.24 Yavatmal -46.15

20 Solapur -52.00 Kolhapur -28.57 Beed -14.70 Nasik -28.57 Ratnagiri -44.44 Beed -53.12

21 Osmanabad -53.65 Raigad -40.00 Nagpur -21.05 Kolhapur -30.76 Beed -44.82 Amravati -53.33

22 Ahmadnagar -55.88 Dhule -46.15 Jalgaon -46.51 Yavatmal -31.57 Ahmadnagar -48.57 Akola -57.14

23 Satara -65.21 Thane -49.09 Chandrapur -53.33 Wardha -41.66 Nasik -55.00 Mumbai -57.57

24 Wardha -75.00 Solapur -50.00 Parbhani -54.90 Akola -45.45 Chandrapur -66.66 Ahmadnagar -66.66

25 Amravati -155.55 Nasik -52.00 Yavatmal -55.81 Aurangabad -48.64 Osmanabad -69.76 Parbhani -70.83

26 Mumbai NA Ratnagiri -100.00 Sangli -80.00 Buldhana -60.86 Raigad -70.98 Dhule -66.66

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

Maharashtra

States

17

In the year 1984, 632 dacoity crime cases were registered under IPC in Maharashtra.

It is observed that during the period of 1981 to 1984, the number of dacoity case has

increased. Pune district registered 145% the highest growth rate, while Dhule did the

lowest of it 4.00%. Chandrapur recorded 175 % dacoit cases, Yavatmal 77.77%,

Buldhana 63.63% cases. The moderate growth rate of dacoity was observed in

Thane(48.64%), Nasik(44.00%), Jalgaon(37.50%), Nagpur(25.00%),

Raigad(12.90%), Aurangabad & Bhandara districts had 0% growth rate of dacoity &

the rest of the 14 districts indicated the negative trend.

The year 1987 registered 687 dacoit cases which clearly show the increase over the

cases registered in 1984. The Maximum dacoits took place in Aurangabad &

Yavatmal district & the minimum of them took place in Bhandara districts. Pune,

Kolhapur, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Dhule, Thane, Solapur & Nasik district registered

negative growth rate.

However, in the year 1990, the growth rate of this crime increased so high

amounting to 500%. The highest was found in Ratnagiri (500%) followed by Wardha

(300%), Mumbai registered the medium growth rate. The average of it all over

Maharashstra was found at about 60% .The year 1993, too, recorded the high growth

rate in specific regions. Chandrapur had 542.80% cases recorded followed by Sangli

(450%), Bhandara (220%,) Beed (100%), The Northern Maharashtra & the

vidharbha region recorded the highest dacoit cases, 13 districts fell under negative

trend amounting to 60% of the total district in Maharashtra.

In the year 1997, the highest growth rate of dacoit was recorded in 10 districts Akola

(191.66%), Buldhana (133.33), Nanded (93.44%), Pune (71.42%) & Bhandara

(62.50%). The medium growth rate was observed in Satara (33.33%), Aurangabad

(28.94%), Solapur (28.57%), Jalgaon (23.52%) & Thane (17.94%). The 16 districts

recorded 0% growth rate of dacoit. The last year considered for study, i.e. year 2004,

also recorded the increase in the growth rate of dacoit. Nasik registered the highest

rate. About 6 districts registered the growth rate above 100% while 14 districts

recorded the negative trend.

5.5 Growth Rate of Robbery:

The crime of robbery, though stated as minor one under Indian Penal code, because it

is performed forcibly by one individual or a group of same Individuals, it effects

18

losses of wealth, money, jewelry, grains, utensils & such & causes mental &

sometimes physical sufferance to those concerned, & hence, it also must be taken

seriously. Robbers, if obstructed from their doings, may go to the extremes of serious

hurting, even murdering & enforcing rapes on women. Robbers can have no religion,

nor a tribe. They range from any age group & sex. Particularly, it found that, these

days the people are involved in this crime. The most striking reason behind has been

the growing unemployment problem & the frustration it has created among the

educated youngsters.

The high growth rate of robbery cases were registered in the year 1984 in three

districts of Bhandara(54.54%), Buldhana (33.33%) & Thane(25.77%). In Akola and

Parabhani districts, the moderate growth rate was registered. The remaining 80% of

districts indicated the minus growth rate. In the year 1987, crime of robbery increased

Yavatmal recorded 72.34%, Aurangabad 48.29%, Nanded 45.09%, Mumbai 38.54%,

Chandrapur 36.58%, Sangli 29.03 & Kolhapur 28.12%. Three districts- Beed

(19.38%), Akola (11.11%) & Nagapur(10%) recorded the moderate growth rate.

In the year 1990, the highest growth rate of robbery was found in Dhule (100%),

Chandrapur (75.00%) & Ratnagiri (28.00%). The moderate growth was discovered in

Mumbai (19.81) & Nanded (14.18%). The remaining about 75% districts indicated

either low or minus growth rate of robbery. In the year 1993, the growth rate

appeared increased.The high of it was found in pune, Raigad (83.33%) ,

Vardha(76.66%), Osmanabad(90.87%), Jalgaon(35.08%), Beed(31.91%)

19

Table no 5.6

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of robbery

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Bhandara 54.54 Yavatmal 72.34 Dhule 100.00 Pune 105.12 Bhandara 25.71 Jalgaon 416.12

2 Buldhana 33.33 Aurangabad 48.29 Chandrapur 75.00 Raigad 83.33 Ahmadnagar 19.58 Chandrapur 265.45

3 Thane 25.77 Nanded 45.09 Ratnagiri 28.00 Wardha 76.66 Satara 12.50 Nasik 176.92

4 Akola 16.12 Mumbai 38.54 Mumbai 19.81 Osmanabad 50.87 Buldhana 9.52 Pune 170.58

5 Parbhani 10.08 Chandrapur 36.58 Nanded 14.18 Jalgaon 35.08 Thane 5.40 Satara 159.25

6 Amravati -0.59 Sangli 29.03 Solapur 9.23 Beed 31.91 Parbhani -0.90 Thane 143.58

7 Raigad -8.33 Kolhapur 28.12 Nasik 8.43 Bhandara 25.00 Aurangabad -3.30 Aurangabad 79.48

8 Nagpur -15.38 Beed 19.38 Nagpur 3.33 Parbhani 19.35 Beed -9.67 Osmanabad 69.33

9 Jalgaon -15.62 Akola 11.11 Ahmadnagar 2.06 Nagpur 14.51 Osmanabad -12.79 Nanded 49.09

10 Kolhapur -20.00 Nagpur 9.09 Kolhapur -2.43 Yavatmal 13.72 Sangli -14.81 Raigad 48.14

11 Aurangabad -25.00 Buldhana 8.57 Bhandara -6.66 Ahmadnagar 00.00 Pune -15.00 Kolhapur 47.82

12 Satara -25.39 Amravati 5.35 Amravati -6.77 Akola -2.46 Mumbai -16.38 Sangli 21.73

13 Nasik -25.43 Parbhani 4.58 Aurangabad -7.79 Kolhapur -5.00 Raigad -18.18 Ratnagiri 13.33

14 Yavatmal -26.56 Jalgaon -2.27 Thane -14.01 Mumbai -9.74 Nasik -22.00 Buldhana -17.39

15 Pune -26.66 Nasik -2.35 Beed -19.65 Buldhana -10.63 Nanded -24.65 Bhandara -22.72

16 Ahmadnagar -27.38 Osmanabad -9.63 Osmanabad -24.00 Dhule -10.71 Solapur -25.00 Yavatmal -23.25

17 Dhule -28.12 Thane -12.29 Satara -29.20 Nanded -13.60 Akola -25.31 Dhule -28.12

18 Nanded -28.67 Satara -12.76 Wardha -30.23 Satara -17.24 Yavatmal -25.80 Amravati -29.16

19 Solapur -29.93 Pune -13.63 Pune -31.57 Thane -19.56 Chandrapur -28.57 Solapur -50.00

20 Ratnagiri -32.00 Ahmadnagar -16.66 Parbhani -32.11 Solapur -21.12 Nagpur -30.98 Nagpur -51.02

21 Sangli -43.63 Raigad -21.81 Akola -32.50 Chandrapur -21.42 Amravati -35.13 Akola -54.23

22 Osmanabad -44.66 Ratnagiri -26.47 Jalgaon -33.72 Sangli -27.02 Dhule -36.00 Mumbai -56.16

23 Beed -46.15 Wardha -28.33 Buldhana -32.85 Amravati -32.72 Kolhapur -39.47 Wardha -62.06

24 Wardha -46.42 Dhule -39.13 Yavatmal -37.03 Ratnagiri -37.50 Wardha -45.28 Ahmadnagar -64.55

25 Chandrapur -48.75 Solapur -40.90 Raigad -58.13 Aurangabad -39.80 Ratnagiri -50.00 Beed -65.17

26 Mumbai NA Bhandara -41.17 Sangli -75.00 Nasik -44.44 Jalgaon -59.74 Parbhani -71.81

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

Maharashtra

States

20

& Bhandara(25.00%). Parabhani, Nagapur & Yavatmal recorded the moderate

growth rate & while the rest of the districts registered either 0% or the minus ones.

The year 1997 also recorded the high growth rate of robbery in Bhandara (25.72%).

Satara, Ahamadnagar & Buldhana recorded the moderate growth rate, while the

remaining 21 districts (about 85% the total) recorded minus growth rate of robbery

which means, the growth rate of robbery is on decline.

5.6 Growth Rate of Crime of House Breaking Theft: (1984-2004)

The crime of house-breaking is a little different from other crimes. It is not much

serious such as murder, but accidentally, may cause injuries or even murders if

opposed while committing this offence. Mostly, the home breaking thefts are

committed during night time when the household members are absent. Very rarely,

such acts are committed even though the family members are asleep sometimes,

during day time also, the house – breaking thefts take place. Generally, the

criminals keep watch on certain houses, they observe when the family members go

out & return, the surrounding etc. & when they find the situations conductive to

them, they dare house – breaking. In the part, the criminals used to break the houses

to gain corn & money & jewelry. Today they don’t seem to limit them. Same have

adopted house- breaking as a profession on to earn their livelihood. Growing

unemployment & differences in the society are some of the reasons behind the crime

of house-breaking thefts. However, in Maharashtra, the numbers of cases of this

crime are very limited in comparison to other crimes.

21

Table No 5.7

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of House breaking theft

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Parbhani 12.71 Yavatmal 43.44 Dhule 80.11 Osmanabad 67.61 Amravati 925.58 Solapur 90.8

2 Thane 2.07 Aurangabad 28.37 Amravati 71.10 Beed 38.97 Thane 48.78 Nasik 9.58

3 Solapur -43.92 Ratnagiri 18.13 Ahmadnagar 42.10 Jalgaon 27.90 Bhandara 47.67 Mumbai 8.8

4 Ratnagiri -37.67 Amravati 13.71 Aurangabad 24.42 Raigad 22.68 Satara 23.40 Pune 8.43

5 Osmanabad -35.38 Pune 12.84 Nanded 24.22 Mumbai 21.28 Ratnagiri 22.14 Sangli 1.26

6 Amravati -33.64 Thane 12.41 Ratnagiri 16.74 Nagpur 20.78 Chandrapur 11.05 Osmanabad 0

7 Sangli -33.60 Sangli 11.83 Chandrapur 14.88 Dhule 19.15 Raigad 9.58 Chandrapur 0

8 Wardha -33.52 Nanded 8.78 Nasik 14.63 Sangli 17.22 Parbhani 6.93 Beed -2

9 Dhule -31.73 Mumbai 6.06 Beed 12.39 Nanded 16.75 Mumbai 6.26 Parbhani -3.7

10 Jalgaon -31.26 Akola 1.74 Nagpur 4.09 Wardha 16.49 Nagpur 3.95 Thane -5.36

11 Akola -28.08 Kolhapur 1.22 Satara 3.91 Ratnagiri 7.96 Aurangabad 2.06 Dhule -5.88

12 Satara -27.19 Buldhana 0.00 Wardha 1.78 Kolhapur 3.98 Nanded 1.71 Ahmadnagar -7.25

13 Yavatmal -26.42 Ahmadnagar -19.94 Osmanabad 1.44 Pune 1.16 Buldhana 0.34 Raigad -7.5

14 Bhandara -24.69 Dhule 19.71 Mumbai 1.16 Amravati -94.77 Dhule -49.04 Jalgaon -8.78

15 Beed -22.94 Wardha -18.84 Raigad -54.23 Aurangabad -52.33 Solapur -48.82 Akola -14.7

16 Kolhapur -22.56 Satara -17.35 Buldhana -15.92 Nasik -44.68 Jalgaon -37.92 Wardha -14.84

17 Nanded -20.00 Jalgaon -11.66 Thane -15.66 Solapur -34.86 Nasik -35.20 Satara -16.55

18 Aurangabad -19.57 Raigad -13.04 Bhandara -12.16 Yavatmal -29.49 Sangli -24.28 Nanded -16.84

19 Nagpur -16.82 Parbhani -10.67 Kolhapur -8.78 Akola -23.95 Beed -20.63 Yavatmal -17.66

20 Chandrapur -14.67 Nasik -10.42 Pune -6.77 Satara -19.52 Yavatmal -17.32 Bhandara -19.28

21 Buldhana -14.50 Beed -7.63 Akola -6.11 Thane -11.66 Osmanabad -16.77 Kolhapur -24.2

22 Nasik -14.26 Solapur -4.54 Parbhani -4.77 Bhandara -10.52 Wardha -14.75 Nagpur -28.18

23 Pune -10.41 Chandrapur -4.30 Solapur -4.39 Buldhana -9.62 Ahmadnagar -14.47 Aurangabad -30.9

24 Ahmadnagar -6.56 Nagpur -3.93 Yavatmal -3.04 Ahmadnagar -4.44 Akola -12.67 Ratnagiri -31.11

25 Raigad -0.66 Bhandara -3.74 Sangli -2.55 Parbhani 1.79 Kolhapur -9.58 Buldhana -37.32

26 Mumbai NA Osmanabad -2.12 Jalgaon -0.66 Chandrapur -0.48 Pune -4.59 Amravati -65.41

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

Maharashtra

States

22

During the period of 1981-1984 it was almost inconsiderable. Only two districts –

Parabhani (12.71%) & Thane (2.07%) recorded positive growth rate. All the other

districts recorded the minus growth rate of house-breaking. In the year 1987, the

crime – cases increased. The highest growth rate was found in Yavatmal district

(43.44%). Aurangabad (28.37%), Pune (12.84%) Sangli (11.83%), Ratnagiri

(18.13%), Thane (12.41%), Akola (11.74%) & Mumbai (6.06%) recorded the positive

growth rate. The rest of the districts recorded the minus growth rate. The year 1990,

recorded a little increase in the crime. Dhule registered the highest percentage 80.11,

follwed by Amaravati (71.10%), Ahamadnagar (42.00%) Nanded (24.22%) &

Aurangabad (24.22%), Mumbai (1.16%) Wardha (1.78%), Satara (3.91%),

Osmanabad(1.44%), Nagapur(4.09%) showed the law growth rate. While about 12

districts registered minus growth rate. In the year 1993, the highest growth rate of

house-breaking was discovered in Osmanabad district (67.61%), followed by Beed

(38.97%), Jalgaon (27.90%), Raigad (22.68%), Mumbai (21.28%), Nagpur (20.78%),

Dhule (19.15%), Sangli (11.22%), Nanded (16.75%), Vardha (16.49%), Ratnagiri(

7.96% ), Kolhapur (3.98%), & Pune rural (1.16%) recorded moderate growth rate .

The other 13 districts recorded minus growth rate. In the year 1997, Bhandara

47.67%, Thane 48.78%, Satara 23.40% & Ratnagiri 22.14% registered the high

growth.

Kolhapur, Pune, Nanded, Vardha & Sangli Recorded moderate ones & the remaining

13 districts were found having minus growth rate. The year 2004, recorded the

comparatively less number of cases of this crime.Only the district of Solapur

registered the high of 90.80% cases. Pune, Nasik, Mumbai & Sangli had a few cases

& The remaining districts were discovered with minus growth rate of house –

breaking crime cases.

5.7 Growth Rate of Theft: (1984-2004)

Theft is supposed to be a simple & common crime, but when considered from the

point of view of the sufferer, it should be treated seriously. A sufferer is a person

whose money, jewelry & such things are thieved. He or she spends months & years

together in accumulating the valuable & within no time everything is lost.

In the year 1984, the districts of Sangli & Dhule had the highest record of thefts. The

districts of Kolhapur, Satara, Solapur, Beed, Jalgaon, Amaravati & Yavatmal

23

followed the above two. The moderate growth rate was found in Osmanabad, Akola,

Chandrapur, Nagpur, Bhandara, Nanded, Buldhana, Aurangabad & Ratnagiri ,

while Raigad & Parbhani recorded very low growth rate of this crime.

The year 1987 found a little increase in the growth rate of theft. The districts of

Sangli, Jalgaon, and Akola & Yavatmal recorded the maximum growth rate. The

reasons were either the well development or the hot & dry climatic conditions. Pune,

Beed, Osmanabad, Aurangabad, Buldhana, Vardha, Nagpur & Chandrapr registered

the moderate growth rate. These districts having been under the hot climate

limited sources of income poverty & infected by naxalite activities & tribal

population, the growth rate is still moderate. About 13 districts comprising of 50

percent of the total, show the 0% growth rate.

24

Table No 5.8

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Theft

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Sangli -48.50 Sangli 35.32 Beed 47.59 Osmanabad 34.57 Chandrapur 32.69 Aurangabad 364.04

2 Dhule -45.80 Yavatmal 32.99 Osmanabad 44.51 Raigad 29.24 Mumbai 12.76 Pune 224.34

3 Satara -37.80 Akola 18.46 Aurangabad 33.38 Pune 28.61 Bhandara 3.65 Satara 104.3

4 Beed -35.71 Mumbai 14.90 Nasik 25.73 Dhule 28.36 Beed -75.43 Osmanabad 79.68

5 Wardha -34.57 Amravati 12.17 Ratnagiri 24.39 Ahmadnagar 21.64 Dhule -62.10 Solapur 33.49

6 Amravati -34.21 Buldhana 8.90 Dhule 21.33 Nagpur 15.54 Pune -40.31 Sangli 20.34

7 Kolhapur -33.85 Nagpur 8.66 Satara 17.22 Beed 14.68 Yavatmal -40.26 Ahmadnagar 18.45

8 Solapur -31.84 Chandrapur 8.07 Parbhani 16.61 Ratnagiri 11.76 Nasik -38.66 Raigad 12.69

9 Jalgaon -31.83 Pune 6.58 Nanded 14.83 Wardha 8.49 Amravati -37.79 Thane 7.22

10 Pune -29.52 Beed 3.44 Amravati 14.70 Chandrapur 4.50 Solapur -36.31 Nasik 6.69

11 Akola -25.34 Wardha 2.07 Ahmadnagar 9.81 Bhandara 1.05 Nanded -36.20 Buldhana 6.6

12 Ahmadnagar -24.64 Aurangabad 1.96 Sangli 5.35 Kolhapur 0.68 Akola -34.49 Chandrapur 4.96

13 Osmanabad -24.58 Osmanabad 0.62 Nagpur 2.60 Nasik -62.46 Osmanabad -33.13 Akola 2

14 Chandrapur -23.15 Raigad -34.96 Jalgaon 2.07 Aurangabad -56.23 Ahmadnagar -33.22 Jalgaon -5.23

15 Nasik -22.25 Nanded -24.29 Raigad -56.82 Solapur -41.71 Sangli -31.65 Yavatmal -8.02

16 Bhandara -19.09 Dhule -21.80 Solapur -24.44 Satara -39.13 Jalgaon -31.54 Ratnagiri -11.2

17 Nanded -18.92 Jalgaon -19.61 Bhandara -17.00 Akola -26.83 Buldhana -31.32 Nagpur -19.65

18 Yavatmal -16.89 Parbhani -17.05 Buldhana -14.90 Yavatmal -24.11 Kolhapur -26.35 Wardha -21.04

19 Buldhana -16.50 Satara -15.83 Yavatmal -14.90 Amravati -19.02 Ratnagiri -25.65 Mumbai -24.22

20 Aurangabad -15.49 Nasik -15.04 Pune -10.54 Thane -16.86 Parbhani -22.12 Dhule -29.41

21 Ratnagiri -13.60 Ratnagiri -13.91 Wardha -7.83 Parbhani -15.94 Wardha -19.22 Parbhani -32.47

22 Nagpur -13.54 Bhandara -11.94 Akola -5.91 Buldhana -12.92 Aurangabad -16.51 Beed -35.12

23 Thane -11.93 Kolhapur -10.97 Thane -5.63 Mumbai -11.17 Satara -15.21 Bhandara -38.03

24 Raigad -3.32 Ahmadnagar -9.47 Chandrapur -4.40 Sangli -4.06 Nagpur -13.45 Amravati -52.05

25 Parbhani -3.05 Thane -6.77 Kolhapur -1.47 Nanded -3.71 Thane -7.18 Nanded -53.51

26 Mumbai NA Solapur -4.00 Mumbai -1.26 Jalgaon -2.71 Raigad -5.10 Kolhapur -62.93

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

Maharashtra

States

25

In the year 1990, an increase in the growth rate of theft was discovered. About 6

districts registered the maximum, 8 districts the moderate & 11 districts the minus

growth rate of theft. The year 1993 also recorded an increase in the growth rate. 5

Districts were found having maximum, seven districts having moderate while 14

districts having low growth rate of theft. In the year 1997, Chandrapur district

recorded the high growth rate of theft. Nagpur & Mumbai district registered the

moderate growth rate. The remained districts had the low of it.

5.8: Growth rate of Riot: (1984-2004)

Riots happen due to various reasons, such as political, religious, communal, electoral

differences. Riots, generally, cause loses to public wealth & private properties. Some

people lose their lives or suffer disabilities. In social point of view, this crime should

be considered the most destructive, physically & psychologically. The social psyche

once wounded, requires & lot of time for healing. It creates enmity , especially

between two different religions communities & an unhealthy view continues

ensuing another riots.. A vicious circle continues.

26

Table No 5.9

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of riot

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Beed 288.89 Aurangabad 51.76 Nanded 87.39 Bombay 206.34 Amravati 312.35 Bhandara 106.67

2 Wardha 122.22 Sangli 50.00 Dhule 72.09 Beed 128.99 Yavatmal 151.56 Nasik 92.76

3 Thane 114.17 Parbhani 39.34 Nagpur 41.82 Raigad 106.52 Parbhani 124.55 Raigad 82.50

4 Chandrapur 100.00 Osmanabad 39.21 Solapur 35.77 Wardha 105.71 Nagpur 122.95 Beed 76.13

5 Raigad 84.07 Buldhana 10.75 Bombay 36.95 Osmanabad 70.28 Sangli 103.75 Jalgaon 56.48

6 Nasik 58.37 Ahmadnagar 0.77 Ahmadnagar 27.48 Nagpur 56.41 Aurangabad 95.67 Ratnagiri 53.16

7 Nagpur 58.33 Ratnagiri -2.08 Satara 25.26 Akola 54.95 Chandrapur 88.88 Satara 48.00

8 Kolhapur 48.20 Kolhapur -2.43 Chandrapur 25.00 Bhandara 45.83 Bhandara 71.43 Dhule 47.17

9 Ratnagiri 47.69 Jalgaon -17.78 Parbhani 11.76 Ratnagiri 42.16 Buldhana 69.88 Thane 25.32

10 Yavatmal 38.67 Chandrapur -12.48 Amravati 9.01 Chandrapur 16.47 Akola 57.45 Bombay 19.23

11 Buldhana 36.76 Akola -18.10 Aurangabad 6.19 Parbhani 15.79 Osmanabad 48.93 Pune 17.09

12 Pune 34.68 Wardha -18.33 Thane 0.99 Kolhapur 13.29 Satara 44.23 Solapur 13.82

13 Jalgaon 34.33 Beed -18.86 Yavatmal 0.00 Dhule 7.43 Nanded 28.57 Akola -1.35

14 Akola 26.09 Amravati -19.57 Nasik 0.00 Ahmadnagar 6.59 Pune 25.81 Wardha -2.99

15 Nanded 8.53 Pune -19.76 Beed -2.82 Yavatmal 3.23 Jalgaon 22.73 Nanded -3.29

16 Solapur 8.42 Nanded -20.71 Akola -4.21 Sangli -6.98 Ahmadnagar 19.10 Buldhana -7.09

17 Amravati 6.98 Thane -21.01 Sangli -4.44 Nanded -9.13 Nasik 4.11 Aurangabad -2.93

18 Bhandara 6.98 Satara -24.00 Buldhana -4.85 Pune -9.71 Thane 2.67 Osmanabad -8.00

19 Satara 5.04 Nasik -27.34 Bhandara -11.11 Jalgaon -13.73 Solapur 1.65 Ahmadnagar -17.45

20 Dhule 0.00 Nagpur -27.63 Ratnagiri -2.08 Buldhana -15.31 Wardha -6.94 Chandrapur -18.71

21 Ahmadnagar -0.76 Dhule -35.34 Kolhapur -13.93 Thane -26.83 Raigad -15.79 Kolhapur -19.62

22 Sangli -15.49 Yavatmal -40.38 Pune -23.13 Solapur -27.54 Kolhapur -19.39 Parbhani -22.27

23 Parbhani -28.24 Bhandara -41.30 Wardha -28.57 Aurangabad -32.5 Beed -29.75 Sangli -25.15

24 Osmanabad -25.00 Raigad -43.28 Jalgaon -31.08 Amravati -33.06 Dhule -33.33 Yavatmal -46.58

25 Aurangabad -44.81 Solapur -58.45 Raigad -75.79 Nasik -35.11 Ratnagiri -33.05 Nagpur -52.94

26 Bombay NA Bombay -45.88 Osmanabad -2.81 Satara -36.30 Bombay -66.32 Amravati -71.56

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

28.31 -22.05 Maharashtra

States


States

56.12 -12.97

27

In the year 1984, districts such as Thane, Beed & vardha recorded high growth rate of

riots. The reasons were local problems & politically supported goondaism. The

moderate growth rate was found in Chandrapur, Nagpur, Nashik & Raigad districts,

where naxalite activities influenced the riots. About 19 districts recorded the low

growth rate. In the year 1987, district of Aurangabad registered the high growth

rate of riots. It was due to the regions myriad culture as it was governed before by

Nizam of Hyderabad. In spite of its being a centre of cultural activities &

political upheavals, the region was always infected by communal clashes, hence the

rise of riots. Buldhana, Amaravati, Osmanabad, Parbhani & Solapur recorded the

moderate growth rate. The other 18 district comprising part of vidarbha & Konkan &

Western Maharashtra registered the low growth rate.

In the year 1990 Nanded & Dhule recorded the high growth rate of riots due to the

local problems & political brawls. Chandrapur , Nagpur, Aurangabad, Parbhani,

Solapur, Satara , Ahmednagar, Jalgaon, Thane & Mumbai registered the

moderate growth rate. However, the district remaining & comprising of major

part of Maharashtra registered low growth rate & indicated the communal

harmony. The year 1993 recorded Vardha, Beed, Raigad & Mumbai having

growth rate of riots. 10 district, such as Kolhapur , Dhule etc. recorded moderate

growth rate while 11 remaining districts registered the low of it.

5.9: Growth Rate of Crime of Hurting: (1984-2004)

The crime of hurting is a serious & now-a – days a common spectacle. The

reasons behind this crime include personal differences, prejudice , family fights

etc. The hot tempered individuals can involves themselves in such crimes. The

injuries inflicted are some times are serious, disabling the sufferer.

During the period of 1981 to 1984, the growth rate of this crime was discovered

up to 49.40%.Parbhani recorded the highest growth rate amounting to 75.17% &

the low of it was discovered in Amaravati which was just 1.45%. The other districts

registered the growth rate as follows: Nagpur-58.96%, Raigad- 51.71%, pune-

48.07%, Satara- 47.26%, Chandrapur- 43.46%, Yavatmal- 28.71%, Nasik- 37.40%,

Osmanabad- 31.86% & Beed- 31.53%. The 19 districts registered the moderate

growth rate. The districts such as Kolhapur (-8.95%), Sangli (-11.97%) & Bhandara

(-51.08%) registered the lowest of it.

28

Table No. 5.10:

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of hurt

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Parbhani 75.17 Satara 85.9 Yavatmal 66.54 Parbhani 75.17 Satara 85.9 Yavatmal 66.54

2 Nagpur 58.96 Sangli 66.50 Nanded 44.1 Nagpur 58.96 Sangli 66.50 Nanded 44.1

3 Raigad 51.71 Beed 64.38 Beed 40.28 Raigad 51.71 Beed 64.38 Beed 40.28

4 Pune 48.07 Yavatmal 50.29 Osmanabad 67.36 Pune 48.07 Yavatmal 50.29 Osmanabad 67.36

5 Satara 47.26 Nagpur 42.36 Buldhana 24.12 Satara 47.26 Nagpur 42.36 Buldhana 24.12

6 Chandrapur 43.46 Parbhani 41.78 Parbhani 23.73 Chandrapur 43.46 Parbhani 41.78 Parbhani 23.73

7 Yavatmal 38.71 Buldhana 41.27 Dhule 22.54 Yavatmal 38.71 Buldhana 41.27 Dhule 22.54

8 Nasik 37.40 Kolhapur 38.20 Ahmadnagar 20.44 Nasik 37.40 Kolhapur 38.20 Ahmadnagar 20.44

9 Osmanabad 31.86 Ahmadnagar 33.23 Bhandara 20.11 Osmanabad 31.86 Ahmadnagar 33.23 Bhandara 20.11

10 Beed 31.53 Amravati 24.2 Akola 18.95 Beed 31.53 Amravati 24.2 Akola 18.95

11 Akola 26.48 Bhandara 19.12 Kolhapur 16.67 Akola 26.48 Bhandara 19.12 Kolhapur 16.67

12 Ratnagiri 28.64 Aurangabad 21.84 Satara 10.18 Ratnagiri 28.64 Aurangabad 21.84 Satara 10.18

13 Solapur 23 Akola 16.80 Aurangabad 14.25 Solapur 23 Akola 16.80 Aurangabad 14.25

14 Wardha 21.63 Wardha 14.16 Solapur 9.69 Wardha 21.63 Wardha 14.16 Solapur 9.69

15 Aurangabad 19.37 Bombay 12.37 Bombay 9.76 Aurangabad 19.37 Bombay 12.37 Bombay 9.76

16 Buldhana 14.97 Osmanabad 6.50 Amravati 9.30 Buldhana 14.97 Osmanabad 6.50 Amravati 9.30

17 Thane 13.14 Nanded 5.23 Nagpur 8.68 Thane 13.14 Nanded 5.23 Nagpur 8.68

18 Jalgaon 8.5 Chandrapur 4.86 Pune 4.4 Jalgaon 8.5 Chandrapur 4.86 Pune 4.4

19 Ahmadnagar 7.79 Jalgaon 3.29 Nasik -2.46 Ahmadnagar 7.79 Jalgaon 3.29 Nasik -2.46

20 Nanded 7.62 Nasik 0.44 Jalgaon -4.56 Nanded 7.62 Nasik 0.44 Jalgaon -4.56

21 Dhule 6.87 Solapur -2.77 Chandrapur -3.59 Dhule 6.87 Solapur -2.77 Chandrapur -3.59

22 Amravati 1.45 Thane -3.63 Sangli -8.27 Amravati 1.45 Thane -3.63 Sangli -8.27

23 Kolhapur -8.95 Pune -11.92 Ratnagiri -9.76 Kolhapur -8.95 Pune -11.92 Ratnagiri -9.76

24 Sangli -11.97 Dhule -22.78 Wardha -14.25 Sangli -11.97 Dhule -22.78 Wardha -14.25

25 Bhandara -51.8 Raigad -30.86 Thane -28.31 Bhandara -51.8 Raigad -30.86 Thane -28.31

26 Bombay NA Ratnagiri -14.76 Raigad -49.14 Bombay NA Ratnagiri -14.76 Raigad -49.14

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States


States

6.14 Maharashtra

States


States

6.14

29

During the period of 1984 to 1987, the growth rate was found suddenly falling to

12.86%. In this period, the highest growth rate of this crime was discovered in Satara

district which amounted to 85.09% whereas, it was the lowest in Nasik district i.e.

0.44%. The following districts recorded it above 50% Sangli 66.50%, Beed 64.38%

& Yavatmal 50.29%. The remaining 16 districts recorded moderate growth rate.

They were - Chandrapur, Bhandara, Nagpur, Vardha, Jalgaon, Akola, Buldhana,

Parbhani, Nanded, Osmanabad, Aurangabad, Amaravati, Nashik, Ahamadnagar,

Kolhapur & Mumbai. The other six districts recorded the minus growth rate,

as following - Solapur (-2.77%) , Thane(-3.63%), Pune(-11.92%) , Dhule(-

22.87%), Raigad(-30.86%) & Ratnagiri(-14.76%).

The period of 1987 -1990 recorded the average growth rate of 6.14% which again

indicated the fall in crime incidences. The following districts recorded the highest

growth rate. Yavatmal –66.54%, Nanded-44.05% , Beed- 40.28% & Osmanabad-

67.36% 13 districts registered the Moderate growth rate & the 8 districts such

as chandrapur, Vardha, Jalgaon, Nasik , Thane, Raigad, Sangli & Ratnagiri

recorded low growth rate.

During the period of 1990 to 1993, the average growth rate declined

considerably . The highest was found in Osmanabad district i.e. 32.74% & the

lowest of it was found in Dhule district , which was just 4.44.%.The average

growth rate however, indicated the minus trend, i.e. - 4.44%. The reasons

behind this decline could be the awareness among people about their personal

images,developments in education, financial disability, respect for law & order

etc. During the period of 1993 to 1997, the growth rate took on to positive

trend. The average growth rate in Maharashtra was 5.51%. The district of

Bhandara recorded the highest of 95.22% growth rate & Amaravati recorded

the lowest of 0.45% growth rate. 13 district were found having moderate

growth rate, while 12 other districts were found having minus growth rate.

The year 2004 recorded the average growth rate of -3.38%. The graph of growth

rate appeared falling down. Yet, the highest of it was found to be 24.87% & the

lowest of it was found to be 1.43. The 14 districts recorded the low growth rate

while 12 other districts recorded minus of it.

30

5.10: The Growth Rate of crime of Rape: (1984-2004)

From the ancient times woman is given a secondary place in the society. She is

supposed or branded as a weakling. In the society the head being the male the female

has to undergo injustice or wrong treatment. The mental and physical harassment has

come to her part of all these wrong doings, The Rape is the last but not the least

violence. In the Rape, the very variety and her existence are ruined. For one reason or

the, a woman becomes a victim to the seduction by the male. Sadistic treatment,

unsteady mental state, exhibiting sexy instinct, growing age without marriages, and

the changes happening in the family managements changing the ways of conducting

life have caused harassments of sex increasingly. Of course this Rape on women is a

crime which is in existence from the ancient times.

Rape is defined as “unlawful sexual intercourse with a women without her consent”.

To decide the rape case positively by law, many aspects are considered “Statutory

Rape” is making a young girl consent for the sexual intercourse by tempting her in

many ways deceptive offers.

Forcible Rape: In this type, though the female opposes, she is made by force to submit

for the sexual intercourse. The reasons for the rape are,

One ay love, vengeance, sadishcmentality, craving for sexual intercourse and

Industrialization, divided families, changing forms of religion, urbanization,

exhibiting sexy actions, the grown up age without marriages, freedom to women.

Because of rape, bad results take place on the individual and the family. Society bans

the victims and a raped women’s life becomes dark. Inspite of such state, the rape

cases are on the increase in the modern times and Maharashtra is not an exception to

it. In certain districts of Maharashtra, the rape cases are more recurring. But in some

districts the proportion is quite less. In 1981, in the 428 total number of Rape cases,

there were 7.94 percent cases in Thane city, 7.24 percent cases in Amaravati district,

4.91 percent cases in Chandrapur district, 6.31 percent cases in Nasik rural area, 5.17

percent cases in Bhandara, 6.07 percent in Nagpur city.

Out of total rape cases in Maharashtra 36.81 percent of them have been place in 6

districts.

31

Table no 5.11 Growth of Crime in Rate Specific Period of Rape

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Wardha 275 Kolhapur 170 Chandrapur 132.25 Nanded 154.55 Jalgaon 109.52 Solapur 70.83

2 Thane 200 Solapur 118.18 Wardha 94.12 Yavatmal 100.0 Beed 92.86 Akola 67.65

3 Yavatmal 121.43 Pune 63.16 Sangli 93.75 Nagpur 92.31 Parbhani 58.82 Osmanabad 60

4 Parbhani 120 Beed 60 Satara 85.71 Ratnagiri 84.61 Dhule 57.69 Buldhana 39.29

5 Akola 114.29 Chandrapur 55 Amravati 44.68 Beed 75.0 Aurangabad 75.0 Yavatmal 37.78

6 Ahmadnagar 90.91 Osmanabad 50 Nanded 37.50 Ahmadnagar 59.9 Osmanabad 57.89 Bombay 36.0

7 Sangli 77.78 Ahmadnagar 38.10 Buldhana 36.84 Parbhani 54.55 Kolhapur 57.14 Nasik 32.0

8 Bhandara 68.18 Raigad 33.33 Ratnagiri 44.44 Dhule 52.94 Raigad 36.36 Sangli 30.43

9 Amravati 64.52 Parbhani 27.27 Thane 26.92 Akola 43.48 Bhandara 28.57 Raigad 26.67

10 Jalgaon 50 Nagpur 27.27 Bhandara 25.0 Bhandara 40 Sangli 21.5 Ratnagiri 27.27

11 Osmanabad 50 Jalgaon 23.28 Bombay 22.22 Pune 38.46 Amravati 17.57 Ahmadnagar 24.24

12 Satara 45.45 Thane 23.81 Nasik 18.52 Buldhana 34.62 Thane 16.28 Thane 20.0

13 Buldhana 41.18 Yavatmal 22.58 Dhule 6.25 Bombay 32.32 Bombay 14.50 Pune 14.81

14 Nagpur 37.50 Akola 16.67 Beed 0.00 Thane 30.30 Nanded 10.71 Wardha 3.33

15 Nanded 33.33 Ratnagiri 12.5 Solapur 0.00 Osmanabad 26.66 Nagpur 8 Nanded 0.0

16 Dhule 33.33 Aurangabad 5.88 Raigad 0.00 Aurangabad 25 Akola 3.3 Parbhani -3.70

17 Pune 18.75 Sangli 0.00 Nagpur -7.14 Chandrapur 16.16 Solapur 0.0 Satara -4.35

18 Nasik 3.70 Dhule 0.00 Aurangabad -5.88 Amravati 8.82 Nasik 0.0 Bhandara -8.33

19 Aurangabad 33.33 Nasik -3.57 Kolhapur -7.41 Satara 7.69 Ahmadnagar -5.71 Beed -11.11

20 Raigad 0.00 Bombay -1.21 Jalgaon -15.38 Wardha 6.6 Yavatmal -13.46 Nagpur -11.11

21 Kolhapur -28.57 Amravati -7.84 Pune -16.13 Solapur 0.0 Wardha -14.29 Jalgaon -18.11

22 Chandrapur -4.46 Satara -12.50 Parbhani -21.43 Jalgaon -4.55 Chandrapur -3.57 Dhule -24.39

23 Ratnagiri -11.11 Bhandara -13.51 Osmanabad -16.66 Nasik -21.88 Ratnagiri -8.33 Chandrapur -23.45

24 Solapur -42.11 Buldhana -20.83 Ahmadnagar -24.14 Raigad -31.25 Satara -17.86 Kolhapur -31.82

25 Beed -58.33 Nanded -33.33 Yavatmal -31.58 Sangli -38.71 Buldhana -20.0 Amravati -35.63

26 Bombay NA Wardha -43.33 Akola -34.29 Kolhapur -44 Pune -25.0 Aurangabad -42.35

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States


States

11.27 31.76

Maharashtra

States

8.82 11.40

32

In the year 1984 7.39 percent in Amravati, 6.38 percent in Nagpur city, 11.88

percent Bombay city, 5.22 percent in Thane city, 5.36 percent in Bhandara, 4.49

percent in Yavatmal, 4.35 percent in Vardha, 4.06 percent in Nasik were the

percentages of rape.

In the year 1987 in Bombay city the rape cases were 10.38 percent, in Amravati the

rape cases were 6.03 percent, in Nagpur city the rape cases were5.77 percent, in

Thane city the rape cases were5.26 percent, in Yavatmal the rape cases were 4.87

percent, in Bhandara the rape cases were 4.1 percent, in the year 1990 in Bombay the

rape cases were 11.39 percent, in Amravati the rape cases were 7.83 percent, in

Chandarapur the rape cases were 5.52 percent, in Bhandara the rape cases were 4.60

percent, in the year 1993 the rape cases were in Bombay city 11.44 percent, in

Amravati the rape cases were 6.46 percent, in Chandrapur the rape cases were 5.41

percent, in Nagpur rural the rape cases were 4.37 percent, in Nagpur city the rape

cases were 4.63 percent, in Thane the rape cases were 4.83 percent, in Bhandara the

rape cases were 4.89 percent, in Yavatmal the rape cases were 4.54 percent, in Pune

the rape cases were 4.10 percent , in Nagpur rural the rape cases were 4.29 percent, in

1997 the highest number of rape cases took place in Amravati district in 1997 in

Amravati the rape cases were 6.92 percent, in Bombay city the rape cases were 10.34

percent, In Bhandara the rape cases were 5.72 percent, in Thane city the rape case

were 4.37 percent, in Nagpur dist the rape cases were 4.29, in the year 2004 in

Amravati city the rape cases were 4.03 percent, in Yavatmal the rape cases were 4.47

percent, in Akola the rape cases were 4.46 percent, in Thane District the rape cases

were 4.32 percent, in Pune the rape cases were 4.53 percent, in Thane city the rape

cases were 4.10 percent,

The highest the rape cases were in Bombay city 13.47 percent

In 2004 about 1388 women have been victims of man’s sex instinct. These women’s

lives haven ruined.

The study of rape cases the last 25 years in Maharashtra and the conclusion drawn

there off from the statistical data we come to know that the rape crime occur

frequently in certain districts only. From 1981 to 2006 it is observed that women’s

lives have been ruined due to rape crimes. These have happened in spite of merciless

punishment, the fear of the society and the controlled life of character. On observing

33

such violence against women, we can sumrise how much the modern community has

degraded itself. In that community where women we cannot live safely, where rape

cases are abundant. That community can be called as inhuman, devilishly thinking,

for turning community. On looking at the rape crime statistics, it is evident these

crimes take place mostly in certain districts of the state. Of course these crimes are

registered officially. Hence, crimes which are not registered must be much more.

Continuously crime occurring districts are Amaravati, Bhandara, Yavatmal, Nagpur

city, Thane city, Pune city Bombay urban area. There is positively increase in the

percentage of crime in these districts. The reasons can be enumerate as under.

In Bombay, lonely persons (women) because of non availability of residential house

become victims of rich persons who are sadistic and they rape women.

Increasing demonstration of naked body, sex in inducing posters, and the changing

life style of persons, temptation simulating sex life, curiosity.

Cinemas, stimulating sex linked life and emotions.

Migrated people, who have come to Bombay to stay,.

Getting more credit and money by putting in minimum of efforts.

Violence breeding thoughts.

These can be obviously seen in Bombay area. But in other districts also the following

reasons cause rapes

Ignorance of law and punishment.

Insufficient propagation of education.

Increasing tendency of violent and hurting thoughts.

In Vidarbha, very hot climatic cities like Amravati, Chandrapur and Bhandara, and

accordingly the physical set up among the inhabitants.

Treating women as an article of enjoyment and cruet approach toward women.

Poverty helplessness towards women.

The modern ideas of enjoyment, luxuries and such culture.

Due to the reasons detailed above, the women of only a particular area a prey to

inhuman rape. Therefore there must be education to women to rise against such

34

painful treatment. New techniques should be implemented to give protection to

women. Efforts should be made for the women to live independently in their families.

Further, there should be provision for developing healthy culture so that good children

will be born and this problem of rape can be curtailed.

The crime of rape is universal & a very brutal one which degrades the woman who

falls victims to it. She gets branded & for no fault of hers, people from the society

looks her down & hold her responsible for. It is due to the age old wrong treatment

to woman, whose status has always been considered as low as downtrodden people.

More particularly, the society which is male dominated, her place has always

remained subordinate. Hence, she is maltreated & raped sometimes without

consideration of what fruits of this forced crime she will have to taste. A male having

sadistic nature, unsteady mental stale, full of pride for his sexual appeal, having no

sexual satisfaction, having remained bachelor for a long time perversion etc are the

reasons who attempts rape.

Rape, statutorily is defined as enticing a female against her consent to have a sexual

relation. It is unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman without her consent’. Many

aspects are taken into consideration to decide a rape case statutorily, such as-

1) Making young girl consent for the sexual intercourse by tempting her in many

deceptive way.

2) Forcing a woman, in spite of her opposition to submit for the sexual

intercourse. This is forcible rape. The reasons for rape are–

a) One-way love affair, vengeance, sadistic mentality craving for sexual for

sexual intercourse &

b) Divided families due to industrialization & other social problems.

Urbanization , changing forms of religious exhibitions of sexy movies, pictures

grown up age without marriage, ultramodern, sexy behavior of women etc.

In the year 1981 the total number of rape cases registered in Maharashtra was 428. In

the year 1984, the number increased to 690. The overall growth rate was 62.21%. In

1981 the maximum growth rate was discovered in Vardha to 275% and the

minimum was discovered in Nasik, Thane, Yavatmal, Parabhani, Ahamednagar,

Sangli, Bhandara, Amaravati, Jalgaon, Osmanabad, Satara, Buldhana , Nagpur,

35

Nanded & Aurangabad districts. In Raigad it was 0%. In 1984 the growth rate

decreased in

The district of Kolhapur, Chandrapur, Ratnagiri, Solapur, Beed & Mumbai. The

maximum growth rate of rape in the year 1987 was discovered upto 170.00% in the

district, followed by Solapur(118.18%), Pune (63.16%), Beed(60.00%), Chandrapur

(55.00%). The moderate growth rate was recorded in Osmanabad (50.00%),

Ahamednagar (38.10%), Raigad (33.33%), Parabhani(27.27%), Nagapur(27.27%),

Jalagaon(23.28%), Thane (23.81%), Yavatmal(22.58%), Akola(16.67%), Ratnagiri

(12.50%), & Aurangabad (5.88%), districts. Sangli & Dhule districts recorded the

growth rate at 0% while the remaining 10 districts recorded the negative growth rate.

However, the average growth rate in Maharashtra was recorded up to 13.19 indicating

a crash in the growth rate.

In the year 1990 the average growth rate remained at 11.27%, once again showing

considerable decline is the crime yet 12 districts indicated the rise over the state

average. The highest growth rate of 132.25% was registered in Chandrpur district &

the lowest of it was found in Dhule (6.25%). The remaining 13 districts recorded the

0% growth. However, the year 1993 indicated a sudden rise in the total number of

cases. It was 1145 in all. The average growth rate mounted high to 31.76% over the

year 1990’s recorded cases. The maximum cases took place in Nanded with the

percentage of 154.55%, Yavatmal followed next with 100% growth rate. Nagpur

registered – 92.31%, Ratnagiri – 84.61%, Beed -75.00%, Ahamednagar – 59.09%,

Parabhani -54.55%, Dhule -52.94%, Akola 43.48% , Bhandara 40.00% , Pune-

38.46%, Buldhana -34.62%, Mumbai-32.32.%, Thane – 80.30%., Osmanabad

26.26% , Aurangabad 25.00%, Chandrapur-16.16%, Amaravati- 8.82%, Satara7.

69%, Vardha -6.06%, Solapur districted registered 0% growth & Jalgaon, Nashik,

Raigad, Sangli & Kolhapur registered negative growth rate.

Similarly during the period of 1997 to 2004 the growth rate of this crime declined in

Maharashtra. It was significantly less in comparison to them that of in the year 1993.

The average growth rate of rape cases in the year 1997 was 8.82% & in the year 2004

a little more increased it 11.40%. In the year 1997, the maximum growth rate was

recorded in Jalgaon district (109.52%) & the minimum of it was recorded in Akola

district (3.03%). 15 districts registered the high growth rate, viz. Beed -92.86%,

Parbhani 58.82%, Dhule -57.69%, Aurangabad- 75.00%, Osmanabad-57.89%,

36

Kolhapur-57.14% & remaining 9 districts registered the minimum of it. The range of

3.03% to 36.36%, Nashik & Solapur districts registered 0% growth, while 10 districts,

i.e. Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Buldhana, Ratnagiri, Satara, Solapur, Pune and

Ahamednagar recorded minus growth rate of rape cases. In the year 2004, the

average growth rate in Maharashtra was 11.40%. In the district of Vardha & Solapur

maximum of 70.83% was recorded, followed by Akola (67.65%) & Osmanabad

(60.00%). These three districts accounted for 198.48% of the total cases. Other 11

districts registered the growth rate between 3.33% to 39.29% 0% growth rate was

discovered in Kolhapur, Satara, Dhule , Amaravati, Beed, Avarangabad,

Parabhani, Nanded, Jalgaon, Chandrapur, Nagpur & Bhandara district.

5.11: Growth Rate of Crime of Gambling: (1984-2004)

It is difficult to define the term gambling precisely, because the activity can not be

separated from the business transaction. The Oxford Dictionary explains “gamble”

means to play games of chance for money, especially for unduly high stakes.

Gambling in India has ancient historical references. It is in Maharashtra, we have the

clear example of it how pandavas lost their empire to Kouravas . Gambling in

thus notorious for its adverse & fierce effects resulting into total loss of wealth as

property , peace of mind leading to committing suicide. The whole families

sometimes suffer the loss they lose their character, respect in the society, health &

get humiliated. It is an addiction just like the one of liquor & drugs. Once a person

gets habituated to it ends with his end. Gambling consists not only a play of cards,

but also betting on horses roulette or the number racket, buying lottery tickets

etc. Because of gambling people falsely assume that gambling might bring them

richness & even affluence. The poor play it to become rich & the rich play it to

became affluent. However 90% of gamblers come from low income group. Male

& female are equally involved in this destructive act.

During the period of 1981 to 1984, the growth rate of this crime was 17.35% as

recorded in Maharashtra. The highest of it was observed in Aurangabad districts

up to 74.28% followed by Nanded (67.02%) & Chandrapur (59.96%) 12 districts

recorded the moderate growth rate & the remaining 11 districts recorded the

negative growth rate.

37

Table No. 5.12

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Gambling

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Aurangabad 74.28 Pune 136.28 Osmanabad 315.62 Nanded 538.26 Beed 127.5 Osmanabad 547.12

2 Nanded 67.2 Parbhani 79.34 Nasik 70.2 Parbhani 69.34 Raigad 120.83 Kolhapur 374.53

3 Chandrapur 59.96 Ratnagiri 45.50 Ratnagiri 53.9 Thane 65.78 Amravati 15.93 Thane 342.86

4 Dhule 42.80 Kolhapur 42.48 Yavatmal 41.33 Ahmadnagar 49.89 Wardha -4.51 Dhule 330.71

5 Osmanabad 40.24 Satara 40.86 Nanded 34.23 Aurangabad 43.20 Buldhana -15.91 Satara 322.39

6 Kolhapur 36.82 Buldhana 33.15 Buldhana 27.51 Sangli 35.96 Chandrapur -18.93 Pune 264.13

7 Satara 25.82 Sangli 23.21 Bombay 22.59 Nagpur 23.7 Bhandara -28.13 Solapur 257.95

8 Ahmadnagar 25.23 Bombay 13.94 Thane 21.36 Osmanabad 19.24 Jalgaon -32.72 Parbhani 220.83

9 Yavatmal 18.71 Ahmadnagar 12.33 Bhandara 18.79 Satara 17.10 Sangli -37.72 Raigad 213.21

10 Solapur 10.54 Nasik 9.52 Beed 16.43 Yavatmal 16.71 Akola -40.86 Nasik 206.62

11 Ratnagiri 8.62 Bhandara 6.33 Akola 15.36 Akola 15.79 Yavatmal -42.15 Jalgaon 191.3

12 Amravati 8.61 Chandrapur 4.41 Satara 11.52 Ratnagiri 13.30 Nagpur -45.93 Ahmadnagar 184.36

13 Thane 6.83 Thane 0.46 Nagpur 11.29 Chandrapur 8.51 Aurangabad -58.44 Ratnagiri 122.12

14 Nagpur 2.79 Wardha -1.87 Wardha 3.14 Wardha 2.65 Bombay -60.8 Bombay 106.36

15 Sangli 2.60 Solapur -2.8 Dhule -0.64 Solapur -5.59 Solapur -62.75 Aurangabad 102.7

16 Bhandara -3.91 Nagpur -4 Parbhani -5.30 Dhule -6.38 Pune -66.42 Bhandara 56.9

17 Wardha -8.90 Jalgaon -9.25 Amravati -22.57 Buldhana -12.64 Parbhani -68.97 Sangli 53.23

18 Akola -10.62 Dhule -12.84 Chandrapur -26.13 Kolhapur -15.18 Nanded -74.97 Beed 39.97

19 Jalgaon -15.58 Beed -12.88 Kolhapur -31.96 Raigad -25 Nasik -75.0 Amravati 25.77

20 Buldhana -19.2 Amravati -27.82 Ahmadnagar -37.90 Bhandara -31.28 Ratnagiri -76.31 Chandrapur 18.43

21 Nasik -21.27 Akola -28.48 Pune -44.4 Jalgaon -31.71 Osmanabad -78.5 Nagpur 10.27

22 Beed -25.46 Aurangabad -40.57 Sangli -53.33 Bombay -40.22 Satara -86.41 Buldhana -2.70

23 Raigad -26.2 Yavatmal -46.95 Solapur -58.59 Beed -41.13 Thane -90.37 Akola -11.81

24 Pune -26.52 Raigad -67.24 Raigad -66.32 Amravati -41.98 Dhule -90.84 Nanded -16.81

25 Parbhani -80.28 Nanded -76.68 Jalgaon -71.77 Pune -61..84 Ahmadnagar -91.52 Yavatmal -18.90

26 Bombay NA Osmanabad -84.32 Aurangabad -81.37 Nasik -85.36 Kolhapur -94.20 Wardha -19.30

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States

17.35 -7.54 Maharashtra

States

-9.25 -2.62 Maharashtra

States

-60.26 41.52

38

In the year 1987 the average growth rate was minus. Pune recorded 136.28%, the

highest followed by Parbhani (79.34%) 11 district had common growth tare.

Thane registered 0% growth & the remaining 13 districts registered negative growth

rate. In the year 1990 the average growth rate fell to - 9.25%. Three districts-

Osmanabad (315.62%), Nasik (70.02%) & Ratnagiri (53.09%) were observed having

the highest growth rate. Majority of districts indicated a substantial decrease in the

growth rate. In the year 1993, the growth rate soared high up to 538.00% in Nanded

district, the Moderate of it was registered in Parbhani (69.34%), Thane (65.78%),

Ahamadnagar (49.89%) Aurangabad (43.20%) & Sangli (35.96%).

Other 12 districts followed these districts & the remaining districts showed the

negative growth rate. They were - Bhandara are Jalgaon, Buldhana, Amaravati,

Dhule, Nasik, Beed , Solapur, Pune , Raigad, Mumbai & Kolhapur. In the year

1997 two districts registered the highest growth rate. Beed 127.05% & Raigad -

120.83% Amaravati recorded the moderate one while the remaining districts

showed the minus growth rate.

In the year 2004, 15 districts of Maharashtra registered the highest growth rate. Only

5 districts recorded the negative of it. They were- Bhuldhana (-2.70%),

Akola(11.81%) , Nanded ( -16.81%), Yavatmal(-18.90%) & Vardha( -19.30%).

The government of Maharashtra needs to curb this offence, if it wants to make

positive development.

5.12: Growth Rate of Prohibition: (1984-2004)

In a civilize country, drugs & narcotics, as well, the explosives are prohibited by

law. Drug addiction is as old as history itself. Tobacco, Charus, Opium, liquor &

some other narcotics are some examples which have been prevalent almost in all ages.

Some type of herbal stimulant known as ‘Somras’ has been extensively mentioned in

Vedic literature. The Gods were well known for drinking it. Opium is cingulated

juice of the poppy fruits. It has its origin in Mesopotamia ( the present Irag),

which was called as ‘Gill’ meaning ‘rejoicing ‘ people from the lower strata of

society were addicted to liquor. The world Health Organization’s expect

committee has defined drug addiction as a state of periodic or Chronic intoxication ,

detrimental to the individual & to society, produced by repeated consumption of a

drug, either natural or synthetic. Compared to other crimes addiction is not a serious

39

crime but it reflects into family & society & affects adversely. It produces tension,

inhibitions, anxieties & aggression in an individual which may temporarily depress

the persons. Mahatma Gandhi expressly denied any social greatness to a person

addicted to alcohol or drugs irrespective of caste or religion. However, in the

modern times, the young generation & the fashionable aristocratic have given

themselves to drugs & liquor.

To control this drug addiction , after independence, a prohibition enquiry

committee was appointed by the planning commission, Government of India in

1954, which was headed by Shriram Narayan as its Chairman.

In the state of Maharashtra, the crime of prohibition has been found in more or less

quantity. During the period of 1981 to 1984, the average growth rate of this crime

was 42. 22%. Aurangabad district registered the highest of it while Nagpur

district did the lowest growth rate of prohibition. Aurangabad recorded 134.52%

cases followed by Yavatmal- 63.98%, Chandrapur -63.85% & Vardha -55.66%. The

moderate growth rate was observed in Akola 49.91%, Buldhana – 43.74%. Remaining

18 districts registered the low growth rate. The three districts - Sangli (-1.69%),

Satara (-4.37%) & Thane (-5.29%) had the negative rate. In the year 1987, the

average growth rate pleasurably reduced to 4.46%.

40

Table No. 5.13

Growth of Crime Rate in Specific Period of prohibition

Sr.

No

.

Districts Growth

1981-1984 Districts

Growth

1984-1987 Districts

Growth

1987-1990 Districts

Growth

1990-1993 Districts

Growth

1993-1997 Districts

Growth

1997-2004

1 Nasik 134.52 Chandrapur 71.30 Nasik 47.80 Chandrapur 29.24 Nagpur 102.88 Wardha 248.91

2 Wardha 63.98 Akola 64.16 Wardha 36.81 Akola 27.84 Aurangabad 88.48 Pune 113.46

3 Bombay 63.85 Yavatmal 38.90 Bombay 30.61 Yavatmal 24.75 Beed 65.14 Ratnagiri 92.62

4 Dhule 58.66 Nanded 36.36 Dhule 26.62 Nanded 21.58 Osmanabad 37.54 Nanded 74.44

5 Osmanabad 49.91 Nagpur 29.361 Osmanabad 23.72 Nagpur 13.41 Solapur 25.18 Jalgaon 59.82

6 Buldhana 43.74 Ahmadnagar 26.70 Buldhana 19.91 Ahmadnagar 8.26 Parbhani 17.52 Parbhani 42.92

7 Aurangabad 32.59 Satara 25.48 Aurangabad 12.73 Satara 3.28 Chandrapur 17.37 Buldhana 39.75

8 Thane 30.46 Bhandara 22.51 Thane 6.3 Bhandara 0.33 Raigad 11.50 Akola 39.15

9 Ratnagiri 27.44 Jalgaon 20.00 Ratnagiri 4.21 Jalgaon -0.86 Sangli 9.63 Nasik 36.84

10 Amravati 25.33 Thane 18.87 Amravati -0.41 Thane -1.97 Buldhana 8.56 Amravati 36.22

11 Yavatmal 24.91 Wardha 17.88 Yavatmal -4.83 Wardha -2.35 Yavatmal 3.85 Kolhapur 28.05

12 Beed 21.64 Ratnagiri 11.72 Beed -6.14 Ratnagiri -4.22 Nanded 3.24 Ahmadnagar 24.48

13 Bhandara 21.41 Osmanabad 10.90 Bhandara -6.21 Osmanabad -4.72 Satara -1.25 Thane 23.29

14 Nagpur 20.63 Parbhani 9.33 Nagpur -7.34 Parbhani -6.43 Ratnagiri -5.09 Bhandara 20.47

15 Akola 20.42 Dhule 3.53 Akola -13.4 Dhule -10.78 Bhandara -7.29 Osmanabad 19.44

16 Kolhapur 16.31 Buldhana 3.21 Kolhapur -16.34 Buldhana -18.96 Amravati -20.43 Raigad 16.47

17 Ahmadnagar 14.76 Sangli -4.18 Ahmadnagar -22.19 Sangli -20.83 Dhule -28.13 Chandrapur 16.04

18 Parbhani 10.21 Kolhapur -7.01 Parbhani -24.27 Kolhapur -21.74 Jalgaon -28.35 Solapur -1.84

19 Nanded 10.00 Raigad -9.67 Nanded -26.7 Raigad -22.4 Ahmadnagar -39.76 Bombay -4.99

20 Raigad 9.11 Amravati -12.29 Raigad -30.44 Amravati -28.79 Pune -40.82 Sangli -11.35

21 Sangli 7.79 Aurangabad -12.85 Sangli -30.60 Aurangabad -30.84 Akola -42.65 Yavatmal -12.71

22 Solapur 5.39 Beed -14.86 Solapur -34.35 Beed -32.45 Thane -42.84 Aurangabad -13.41

23 Chandrapur -1.69 Solapur -16.66 Chandrapur -34.26 Solapur -34.32 Kolhapur -52.56 Satara -20.25

24 Satara -4.37 Pune -20.54 Satara -34.75 Pune -35.7 Nasik -52.60 Dhule -28.40

25 Pune -5.29 Bombay -27.56 Pune -36.30 Bombay -49.30 Bombay -57.56 Beed -32.66

26 Jalgaon NA Nasik NA Jalgaon -38.19 Nasik -72.79 Wardha -64.45 Nagpur -49.15

Tot

al

Maharashtra

States


States

-11.89 -8.91 Maharashtra

States

-17.98 14.63

41

In this year the highest was found in Nashik (71.30%), followed by Satara (64.16 %.)

Chandrapaur, Bhandara, Vardha, Nagpur, Dhule, Thane , Ahmednagar, Beed, Ratnagiri,

Kolhapur , Sangli, Solapur & Osmanabad registered more or less the average growth rate of

prohibition. But the remaining 10 districts recorded the negative growth rate.

In the year 1990, the average growth rate declined to - 11.89%. But the districts of Nasik

(47.80%), Vardha (36.81%), Mumbai (30.61%) & Dhule (26.62%) showed the increase in the

growth rate. Osmanabad, Buldhana, Aurangabad, Thane & Ratnagiri recorded the moderate

growth rate. And the remaining 17 district had either the low or the minus growth rate. The

year 1993, too, recorded the low growth rate. The average of it was -8.91%. The district of

Chandrapur recorded 29.24% & Akola 27.84% & that was the highest growth rate. The

moderate of it was found in Yavatmal (24.75%), Nanded (21.98%), Nagpur (13.14%),

Ahmednagar (8.26%), Satara (3.28%) & Bhandara (0.33%). The remaining 18 districts

recorded the minus growth rate. In the year 1998, there was a slight increase in the average

growth rate, it was – 17.98%, Nagpur district was found with 102.88% as the highest & the

lowest was found in Nanded as 3.24%, 12 districts registered the moderate growth rate, while

14 remaining districts recorded the negative growth rate. The year 2004 witnessed, however,

the Increase in the average growth rate which was 14.63%17 districts recorded the high

growth rate. The highest among them was 248.91% as recorded in Vardha, followed by Pune

(113.46%), Ratnagiri (92.62%), Nanded (74.44%), Jalgaon (59.82%) & Parbhani (42.92%).

Nine districts recorded the minus growth & the remaining ones had the percentage of cases

between 16.04 & 39.75. Form the above discussion; it appears that the growth rate of prohibition

slowly declined from 1984 to 1998. But in the year 2004, the graph went up. People still

require being enlightened towards the adverse effects of addiction. More particularly, the

young ones are to be taught that drugs do not produce enjoyment or happiness but they produce

total destruction.

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