The Growth of Democracy

1824-1840

John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

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1824 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837

Bank Withdrawals >>>>>> >>>>>>>Common Man>>>>>>>>> 2-6,000 die

1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848

New Democratic Politics

Nation moves toward nationalism and sectionalism

South cotton growing & slave system

North commercial industrializing economy

* Westward expansion strengthens national pride

Expansion of Suffrage

New Western states extend right to vote to all white males over 21

By 1820, most ‘older states’ followed suit Universal white manhood suffrage still

excluded women and African Americans

The Election of 1824 The Numbers

A. Jackson Q. Adams H. Clay H. Crawford

Popular vote 151,363 (41.36%)

113,142 (30.92%)

47,545 (12.99%)

41,032 (11.21%)

Electoral Vote

99 84 37 41

A Corrupt Bargain…….leads to “Four Miserable Years!”

Election of 1828

John Quincy Adams v. Andrew Jackson

44% of popular vote56% of popular vote

*Calhoun becomes VP again and

Van Buren becomes secretary of state

“victory for the common man”

Jackson Presidency (1829-1837)

“Age of the Common Man”

Spoils System

“Kitchen Cabinet”

Vetoed more than all of previous presidents combined

Sectional Leaders

South, John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)

North, Daniel Webster (Massachusetts)

West, Henry Clay (Kentucky)

Infrastructure & Inventions

Maysville Road Bill of 1830 National Road 1808 Erie Canal proposed 1817 Steamboats 1807 Railroads 1830 Steel Plow 1837 Reaper 1834

Nullification Crisis

Sectional differences between North and South become prominent over the protective tariff

Southerners protested but were outvoted by North and West

*Doctrine of Nullification*Exposition and Protest 1828

(Abominable?) Ordinances of Nullification

Maysville Road Veto 1830

Indian Removal

Indian Removal Act 1830

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) & Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

“The Trail of Tears” 1838

Indian Removals 1831-1838

Bank War – 1832…….

Bank directed by Nicholas Biddle Clay & Biddle propose early rechartering

for the bank. Jackson vetoes, declaring bank

unconstitutional

Election of 1836

Loose coalition of opposition formedWhigs

Sectional Whigs ran against Van Buren; William Henry Harrison, Hugh Lawson White, W.P. Mangum, and Webster.

Whigs failed, showed weakness of sectional politics

Panic of 1837

Bank wars continue and inflation rises

Jackson issues Specie Circular

‘Contraction’ of credit leads to Panic

Recession lasted six years

*Federal government took no in action in aiding victims of recession

Whigs & Democrats

Democrats

Whigs

-independent yeoman farmers

-nationwide appeal

-favored expansion, Indian removal & freedom on the

frontier

- ‘conservative values’

-initiators or beneficiaries of economic change

-american system

-infrastructure

-religion*

-governmental intervention (economic and social

reforms)

Election of 1840

William Henry Harrison v. Martin Van Buren

Died one month after inauguration

47% of popular vote, 20% of

electoral votes

53% of popular vote 80% electoral votes

And then…

Advances

Printing Revolution 1826 Telegraph 1844 Often looked to Britain for literary values and

standards. Eastern seaboard cities build cultural

foundation of American art and literature Advances in construction; balloon-frame