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The Gulf Coastal Plains
Look at your IAN and your notes about the Gulf Coastal Plain region.
Based on what you know about the region, write down at least 2 assumptions you can make about the Karankawa Indians.◦ Shelter, food, clothing, tools
Share and discuss with your table
Settlements near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi Bay
nomads◦ Fall/Winter- near Gulf Coast◦ Spring/Summer-near rivers and springs on the
coastal prairie
Portable wigwams (circular huts)◦ Made from bent
poles◦ Covered with
animal skin◦ Floors were
covered with reed mats
◦ Could house 7-8 people
Hunters and gatherers Hunters
◦ Men◦ Wooden bows and arrows to hunt/fish◦ Fish traps◦ Dugout canoes
Gatherers◦ Women◦ Collected plants, birds’ eggs, shellfish
Rumored to be cannibals- not true◦ Not for food but for “magic power”
Men◦ Some wore nothing◦ Deer skin around the waist
Women◦ Skirts of deer skin or grass
Men and women painted themselves with bright colors
Used alligator fat and dirt to repel the insects
Unusually tall ◦ Skeleton found of person 6 feet
Kept dogs similar to coyotes or fox◦ Name believed to mean dog-lovers
Treated children with kindness Given 2 names
◦ One was secret which only family members knew◦ Secret name was thought to carry magic and
protection from danger
1500s- Cabeza de Vaca◦ Feared by Europeans who wanted their land
Diseases killed many Fought with other groups Vanished by the mid-1800s
In your IAN Write a diary entry. You are a member of
the Karankawa tribe. Describe
◦ What you see◦ What you hear◦ What you smell◦ What you taste◦ What you feel
The Central Plains
Look at your notes about the Central Plains region.
Based on what you know about the region, write down 2 assumptions you can make about the Wichitas.
Share and discuss with your table
Along the Red River Originally from Kansas/Oklahoma moved to
Texas 1700s Lived along creeks and rivers
Lived in permanent villages Round house
◦ Made with cedar poles◦ Covered with dried grass◦ Very durable◦ Large◦ Hole in center for smoke from fire
Hunters Grew beans, corn, melons, and squash Buffalo
◦ Raw Did NOT eat fish
Made from tanned hide Men
◦ Shirts, loin cloths, leggings, moccasins Women
◦ Dresses that covered chin to ankle decorated with elk teeth, moccasins
Organized into 4 confederacies◦ Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and the Wichita
Tattooed their bodies◦ Many and unusual designs◦ Called selves Kitikiti’sh (raccoon eyes)
First with Coronado Traded tanned hide disease Later moved to reservation in Oklahoma
Using your notes about the region and the Wichita, design another type of shelter that the Wichita could have built.
Explain why you would build the shelter.◦ Weather, materials, tribe life and needs
Mountains and Basins
Look at your notes about the Mountains and Basins region.
Make 2 assumptions about the Jumano Native Americans based on what you know about the region.
Share and discuss with your table Write in down in your IAN
Along the Rio Grande
Permanent houses of adobe brick◦ Dried clay◦ Cool in summer◦ 30-40 people in house◦ Flat roofs◦ Painted black, red, white and yellow stripes on the
inside wall Large villages
Grew corn and other crops near river◦ River would overflow and water fields
Gathered wild plants Hunted buffalo with bow and arrow
Animal hide◦ Softened by beating with stones
Moccasins Jewlery made from copper, coral and
turquoise Hair
◦ Women- long and tied◦ Men- short on sides, long in middle and curled
with paint, decorated with feathers
Tattooed and painted their faces
Drought in 1500s ◦ Crops died and buffalo moved
Under constant attack by Apache
Eventually joined other Native American groups
Traded with Spanish
In your IAN, list 2 ways the Jumanos adapted to their Texas environment and 2 ways they modifies their Texas environment.
High Plains
Look at your notes about the High Plains. Based on what you know about the region,
make 2 predictions about the Comanches. Write them in your IAN Share and discuss with your table.
Moved to Texas in 1700s after acquiring horses
Drove out other tribes for the land◦ Jumanos, Apache
Teepees◦ Nomadic- covered hundreds of miles a year
Items were lightweight and sturdy(leather and woven basket)-Little pottery
◦ Women would pack up
Buffalo Hunters-gatherers
◦ Men-hunt ◦ Women- gathered plants
On a daily basis women gathered most of the foods.
Well dressed◦ Leaders wore European
clothing with many silver conchos
◦ Leather boots
Lived in bands headed by a peace chief (older man)
When at war one temporary chief and War chief- best rider and fighter Skilled buffalo hunters
◦ Made them wealthy◦ Traded for goods
Skilled fighters◦ Controlled most of the plains
1680- from Spanish and Pueblo Indians
Called “finest light cavalry in the world”◦ Expert riders and fighters
Used horses to have advantage in fights
Traded with Spanish Came to trade in organized groups
◦ One Comanche who could speak Spanish, French and 4 or 5 languages
◦ One Comanche who was skilled trader and diplomat Most of what they sold they had stolen
◦ Horses◦ Kidnapped people whose family would come to buy
them back (ransom) This later would cause big problems with the American
settlers Kept Spanish from moving north- Spanish could
not defeat them
In your IAN, compare and contrast the Comanche with another Native American tribe. You may chose any that we have studied or have not studied.
Prepare for Test! ◦ Regions and Native Americans