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Background
• US led coalition
• Iraq was first conflict to take place in new international order after Cold War
• Feb, 1990: Saddam demanded money from Kuwait and UAE
• July, 1990: He moved the Republican Guard to the border with Kuwait
Background (cont’d)
• July, 1990: Meets with US ambassador Glaspie and reasserts lack of intention to invade Kuwaito Iraqi and Kuwaiti delegates meet in Jeddah with no
agreement
• Iraq invades Kuwait, UN Resolution 660 condemns Iraq’s invasion.
Type of War
US
• Limited war and limited invasion
• Fought without having to totally pay for the waro financed by all coalition allies
• stealth technology
Type of War (cont’d)
Iraq
• US believed it was limited invasiono thought to be going for oil or northern land of country
• Turned into a whole occupation of Kuwait
Stronger & Weaker sides
• The belligerents consisted of a coalition of forces of Kuwait, United States, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, France, Syria, Morocco, Qatar, Oman, Pakistan, Canada, Argentina, Spain, Italyo The stronger side
• The weaker side consisted of Iraq.o with the little enforcements established in their new republic in Kuwait.
Military Causes (New Technology)
• Superior technology had enabled the coalition to ensure victory at every turn.
• It was obvious in Operation Desert Storm just how the Iraqis were unequipped and how overwhelming the U.S. forces were in terms of military power.
• The Iraqi forces were held powerless by the might of the new technologies of the United States forces.
• The Iraqis still had the scud missiles given to them by the Soviet Union which would prove useful but nonetheless powerless to the Coalition forces.
Major battles
• Battle of Khafji o First Major Land battle of gulf war o Took place near Khafji, Saudi Arabiao 43 dead 52 wounded 2 captured for UN forces o 60-300 dead 400 Captured for the Iraqis
• Highway of Deatho Highway 80o Coalition forces attacked Iraqi forces retreating from Kuwaito between 1400-2000 vehicles hit or abandoned on the highway o The next day Bush 41 called for an end to the hostilities
Course of war
• The war began as a UN action against the iraqi invasion and annexation of kuwait
• Operation desert shield begins as “purely defensive” to prevent invasion of Saudi Arabia
• When diplomacy failed Operation Desert storm began to force iraqis from Kuwait
• Operation Desert storm began with use of air strikes against iraqis
• on 2/24/1991 A ground invasion begins to force iraqis out of kuwait
• 3/3/1991 Iraqis accept terms of ceasefire and end hostilities
Who won?
• The UN forces were successful in forcing out the iraqis from Kuwait
• They achieved the victory quickly
• Victory ended on UN terms
• Overall it was a UN victory
Advantages and Disadvantages of Belligerents (Iraq)
Advantages: Home front
SCUDs
Disadvantages: Inferior technology and skillsAgainst the United
Nations coalition