The Handbook oiWorldEnglishes
Edited byBraj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachruand Cecil L. Nelson
~IJBlackwell'-." Publishing
2005034554
© 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltdexcept for editorial material and organization © 2006 by Braj B. Kachru, Yarnuna Kachru,and Cecil 1. Nelson
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The right of Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, and Cecil 1. Nelson to be identified as theAuthors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UKCopyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.
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First published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1 2006
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The handbook of world Englishes / edited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru,Cecil 1. Nelson.
p. cm.lncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-1185-0 (hardback : aIk. paper)ISBN-lO: 1-4051-1185-2 (hardback : aIk. paper) 1. English language - Foreign
countries. 2. English language - Variation - Foreign countries. 3. Englishlanguage - Social aspects - Foreign countries. 4. lnterculturaI cornmunication.1. Kachru, Braj B. II. Kachru, Yarnuna. ID. Nelson, Cecil 1.
PE2751.H36 2006427-dc22
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
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Contents
List of Figures and TablesList of ContributorsPreface
xixiii
xvii
Introduction: The World of World EnglishesBRAJ B. KACHRU, YAMU A KACHRU, AND CECIL L. ELSO
1
Part 1 The Historical Context
1 The BeginningsROBERT D. KING
17
19
First Diaspora2 First Steps: Wales and Ireland
ROBERT D. KING
3 English in ScotlandFIONA DOUGLAS
30
41
Second Diaspora4 English in orth America
EDGAR W. SCHNEIDER
5 English in Australia and New ZealandSCOTT F. KIESLI G
58
74
Third Diaspora6 South Asian Englishes
RA VINDER GARGESH
7 East Asian EnglishesNOBUYUKI HON A
90
114
viii Contents
8 Southeast Asian Englishes 130MARIA LOURDES S. BAUTISTA AND ANDREW B. GONZALEZ
9 South American Englishes 145KANAVILLIL RAJAGOPALAN
10 South African Englishes 158NKONKO M. KAMWANGAMALU
11 West African Englishes 172TOPE OMONIYI
12 East African Englishes 188JOSEF SCHMIED
13 Caribbean Englishes 203MICHAEL ACETO
14 Euro- Englishes 223MARKO MODIANO
Fourth Diaspora15 World Englishes Today 240
KINGSLEYBOLTON
Part 11 Variational Contexts 27116 Contact Linguistics and World Englishes 273
RAJEND MESTHRIE17 Varieties of W orld Englishes 289
KrNGSLEYBOLTON18 Pidgins and Creo les 313
SALIKOKOS. MUFWENE19 African American English 328
WALT WOLFRAM
Part III Acculturation 34720 Written Language, Standard Language, Global Language 349
M. A. K. HALLIDAY21 Speaking and Writing in World Englishes 366
YAMUNA KACHRU22 Gemes and Styles in World Englishes 386
VIJAY K. BHATIA
Part IV Crossing Borders 40323 Literary Creativity in World Englishes 405
EDWIN THuMBoo24 W orld Englishes and Issues of Intelligibility 428
LARRY E. SMITH AND CECIL L. NELSON
Con ten ts ix
25 World Englishes and Culture Wars 446BRAJB.KACHRU
Part V Grammar Wars and Standards 473
26 Grammar Wars: Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-CenturyEngland 475LINDA C. MITCHELL
27 Grammar Wars: The United States 496JOHN ALGEO
28 World Englishes and Descriptive Grammars 509DANIEL R. DAVIS
Part VI Ideology, Identity, and Constructs 527
29 Colonial/Postcolonial Critique: The Challenge fromWorld Englishes 529PRADEEP A. DHILLON
30 Cultural Studies and Discursive Constructions ofWorld Englishes 545WIMAL DISSANAYAKE
31 World Englishes and Gender Identities 567TAMARA M. V ALENTINE
Part VII World Englishes and Globalization 581
32 World Englishes in the Media 583ELIZABETH A. MARTIN
33 World Englishes in Global Advertising 601TEJ K. BHATIA
34 World Englishes and Global Commerce 620STANLEY YUNICK VAN HORN
Part VIII World Englishes and Applied Theory 643
35 A Recurring Decimal: English in Language Policy and Planning 645AY9 BAMGBO(>E
36 Teaching World Englishes 661ROBERT J. BAUMGARDNER
37 Models, Methods, and Curriculum for ELT Preparation 680KIMBERLEY BROWN
38 World Englishes and Lexicography 694FREDRIC DOLEZAL
39 World Englishes and Test Construction 709FRED DAVID SON
x Contents
40 World Englishes and Cornmunicative CompetenceMARGIE BERNS
718
Part IX Resources on World Englishes
41 World Englishes and Corpora StudiesGERALD NELSON
42 Comparing World Englishes: A Research GuideHELEN FALLO N
731733
751
Author IndexSubject Index
763779