The Harper Record

7/27/2019 The Harper Record

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HARPER

Edited by Teresa Healy

www.policyalternatives.ca

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Acknowledgements 5

Preface 7

Introduction 9

Governance

PATTEN /Understandin Stephen Harper 25

HENNESSy /Harpers War On Freedom o Speech 39

Economy, Trade and Investment

JACKSON AND WEIR /The Conseratie Tax Record 57

STANFORD /Manuacturin Decline and Resource Dependenc 71

CORbET /Lost Jos and the Erosion o a Carin Culture 97

WATKINS /Forein Ownership 101

SREENIvASAN /Canadian Trade and Inestment Polic, 200608 107

CAMPbELL /Harper and Deep Interation 123

CARON /The Sotwood Lumer Areement 139

KATz /The Harper-bush Alliance On Colomia 159

Racialization and (I)Security

FLECKER /Harper Conseraties and the Colour-Codin o Canada 167

bEHRENS /Canadas Secret-Trial Detentions 187

ENCALADA, FUCHS AND PAz /Mirant Workers Under Harper 197

CAMPbELL /Conseraties No-Fl List violates Rihts 205

FOSTER /Canada and International Human Rihts 213

HARDEN /Harper and Ira War Resisters 233

WARNOCK /Peace and Democrac or Ahanistan 237

STAPLES /Harper, the Militar, and Wede Politics 243


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Energy and Environment

REDLIN AND FRAMPTON /The Harper Tar Sands Leac 257

KALMAN /Downstream From the Tar Sands, People are Din 275

SANgER AND SAUL /The Harper goernment and Climate Chane 281

bARLOW AND KARUNANANTHAN /The Harper goernments Mismanaement o Canadas Water 299

MOLL /Puttin Commerce beore Saet in the Nuclear Industr 307

MOONEy /Harper and biouels 311

FORSEy /Harpers Attack On the Canadian Wheat board 317

(I)Equality and Public Services

AD HOC COALITION ON WOMENS EqUALITy AND HUMAN RIgHTS /

Womens Eualit and Human Rihts 327

bALLANTyNE /Harper and Child Care 339

bATTLE /Child benefts Under the Harper goernment 345

WHITE AND MCbANE /The Conseratie goernment and bi Pharma 349

EDWARDS /Harper and Pulic Health Polic 361

RAE /The Leac o Disailit Rihts in Canada 367

MOORE AND DONOHUE /Harper and Crime 375

SANgER AND CRAWLEy /Priatiation Under Harper 389

Culture and Communications

MOLL AND SHADE /Telecommunications On the Free(Market) Wa 405

WEST /Harpers Museum and Art galler Polic 409

Federal-Provincial Relations

CAMERON /Harper, quec and Canadian Federalism 419

MACKENzIE /The Harper goernment and Federal-Proincial Issues 435

PAyNE /Newoundland and Larador and the Harper goernment 447

Notes 453

About the Authors 499


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5

Acknowledgements

I would lIke acng iaiy anaian Lab

ng ic pmi m an xn pi im

i pjc. i an Lan Hann i

in piminay maing cap. bn im-

mny, a aay , m n Jacn inig anayi

a piica an cnmic cnx. an Bc ampb

n ny ing i pjc g i minain, b

i nging cmmimn pning anai pac ciica

ining in a im c inca an piica c. am n-

my ga iia pcin am a CCPA: Ki-

nn Finn, E Finn, im Sca, Eia Sa, Ry LaBg an Jan

M i cmmimn pjc. T p an cmp-nc i ic y anm mancip in a b a

ning miac. M a, i acng

cmmimn cnib , i c caiy, p ai

pnibiii g a ping an mm pc

cap. Ti a, in ac an y ca, a amn

caiiy an p mcaic mmn .

a an n i m in i cci pjc. an


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6 e Harper ecord

m Jaic aay ncaging iniia, cci an

in ic a i ing mcacy.

Hy, Oaa


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7

Preace

the CCPA hAs piy pbi amn Main,

in an Mny gnmn. e Harper ecord, , i

m ambii a, an iin an ngy i

i a Hay. H accmpimn in binging g picy

xpi m 47 cnib m ac cii ciy i y -

maab. My an anaian Lab ng ning

i pjc an ing p im ing a mn

i.

T CCPA i nn-paian in a a n cnnc i any

piica pay. W a a paian bia, , i progres-

sive pici. W ac, p an pm pici a aanc

a a j, ainab an mcaic ciy. T aa cnin i mb in niversal Declaration

o Human ights an i a cnan an caain.

gi pici qi a aing a gnmn

in managing cnmy; in piing pbic inac an ia

ic; in caing cin an y; pcing a an

ninmn; pcing ciizn in im nmpymn, in-

miy, iabiiy an ag. ici a a ga cang

im cima cang, inqaiy an py, an pac aa a a n a pgi gnmn.


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8 e Harper ecord

W ciiq pici a m aay m a an pi-

ii. T nia qin a a in i m i:

nai gnmn pici m pgi in

ab? T an i . T Hap gnmn pici aming cny baca a a iin ciy,

gnmn, an na ain minicn 1920.

gain a p naning Hap gnmn c an

y i i , ncag y a n.

B Cmp

Exci Dic, anaian n icy nai


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9

Introduction

Teresa Healy

the New CoNservAtIve gnmn Spn Hap i

in i i ya, n ng miniy gnmn in anaian

iy. ba accning gnmn c i cay n-

. T mn inc pi cin a ipp by qicy an,

a gnmn ngag in aping b m an banc

anaian piica i, many cang n in

mia an npay in pbic icin.

T Hap gnmn i ai pbic ciny. Ti gn-

mn i in g n in iy, n ny a a igy cnaiz

aminiain n im Mini Oc, b a an aci-

i gnmn a i ying in i p ai pbic ba

ab i aciii. Mani, Hap gnmn a ngagin cnain i anaian cpa i, a a cp-

a an piica cia m Uni Sa an, a xn,

Mxic. T a cnain a ini gnmn

y piii, an a a g ic gnmn

ma i pg.

cin nai pay a miniy gn-

mn in 2006, i a xpc a Hap gnmn qic-

y i aica cnai c. n i i , b, inc pi gnmn a aay xmylaissez-aire, Hap n


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10 e Harper ecord

appa b aing ang am niba pa a p

ca a a ppiin. Hap agic pagmaim cn-

in a im cmpmi n cnai pici ny i

aim biing a caiin ic c n a majiy gnmn(atten). T m aaming pmn n Hap aip,

, a aningy qi aning mcacy.

Redening centre-periphery relations

Sinc nai cam p, cny a xpinc

a png cii in manacing c, g i an -

a xpanin a an in ba an a bm in mining an

mina pcin. T a n bn impy a cain c-

nmic aciiy Wn anaa. n, by abanning manac-

ing, Hap gnmn a n i ca cang

in cnmy. On izn i ppc a y ic p-

i cnmic nn. Sinc Hap bcam im Mini,

gnmn a n ning pn an jb

in manacing (Stanord). na, i inca a

in xpaning pia p an c a capaciy

inn in nc cmmnii. n i pc, amaic

nai ax-cing picy pn a cninain Liba

agna (Jackson and eir).

On immigain qin, Hap gnmn a ca a

am -m ynamic. H i n c a ining g -

minain ym i a a naina ciy. T gnmn

ai gap m ignican mgapic cang in anaa ana an anaa innaina cmmimn g acim in

anaa. Fm, gnmn a ng n i cmmi-

mn a an cgniz innaina cnia, caing ina

a py n a c ncm (lecker). Mani,

pgam ic bing aciaiz anaa ny a m-

pay i bming. Un nai, ign

mpay Fign W gam gi mpy am ab

icin in mining iing an ing cniin migan. T i iay n mcanim ic nc ab


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11

ig in pgam, pi nmb ac n

i api xpanin. Ti ynamic a ca a m cni a

igy piaiz immigain ym (ncalada, Del armen uchs

and az).T a an pmn a a aaing inign-

cmmnii nam m abaca a an, y

nai gnmn a n ying i can xpan

pcin bimn (Kalman). a n g canging

gay gim cing i an ga pipin pcin, xamp.

Rgay m i a i-anging picy icin ic n ny -

ga cnmic c. a i man imp a n ay

gain n , i pcic impac n aciaiz cmmn-

ii, incing ngy, cncin, an anpain .1

Bca i i xac m an ing a amn

a, a a naa ga, i i a igy cy iny a a a n-

inmn i cncn. n b ma n api p-

in naa ga c, i i i ing caia ma -ic.2

anaa n a giai am pc a c,

b nai a pn i a pac ning p-

pa an piaizain agi (Barlow and Karunananthan).

T Hap gnmn a bn ab ain an agna ic

appa a in accn apiain Qbc by giing a

pinc am p (ameron). Hap cmmimn

ig pinc a n a in nan an Laba,

(Payne). ignicanc anic pinc a

nai ai g n i n cmmimn

a naina amaca pgam. Ty a, m, nmin abiiy a gnmn abi c a pgam by

caing an nncay giai cnfic bn pinc an

a gnmn (hite and McBane). Ti niba agy cn-

niny cnm aning a in cia picy

(ameron). n an ya, Hap gnmn a y-

maicay canc n-n am a a cmmimn

a pgam i pinc (Mackenzie).


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12 e Harper ecord

uilding consensus among the executives

Un Hap gnmn, a bn iay n iincin

bn innaina an mic i. gnmn

main i a bn abi a piii by cnn

mican bin, miiay an gnmn xci. Sy a

nai cam p, xamp, im Mini

aina Sciy i, Wiiam Ei, paicipa in panning

a igy ci gaing miiay, gnmn, an cpa

a m ac mica.3 T mican Fm (NA)

cmn a ga anna ming a n ma pb-

ic pnncmn:

Ra, p NA i b ia an appac a a

qiy xp an piay cny picyma, a ini-

iay p by paicipan, a i n iniiai an in i

n nam.4

Tma qin, ng-im in anaian nci

i Exci, i p a ai a ming, am-

b a n ngag in aggi incmnaim anin by a i ambii pan mican

ingain aiz.

ap i i ny n a c c ming a a appn

inc Hap cam p, b infnc mican

Fm inica cpa c a ccy ap pi-

ica cnn an i in. Un Hap, anaa i ing

-im ca agic aianc n a, inmn andciy

a xc ppa paicipain an mcaic anai.5

an cia picy am, piii a bn in

in Sciy an piy anip mica (sPP),

ic a abi i a Main Liba in p.

Un Hap, a mica inc a ma

c ciing picy icin m Ceo 30 a-

g cmpani in mica, by iniinaizing i-

icay piig ainip bn bin an gnmn. T


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13

mican mpiin nci (NACC) a a ma pac

in sPP pc, i gia n.6

T sPP i a am aing i ciy an ppiy

i a n by xci- gnmn in cnaini cpa xci. On i main ga m a

bn mc cpain c b aci i canging

a ing a. T sPP a man ai biing ba i

n y ac ing NAtA ba. T a cny

y gp i a i n sPP: 1) b i (c-

b picing an mgncy managmn); 2) gay m a

n by pia iny; an 3) ngy i (cing U.S. ngy

ppy, ping n c in , an ing pia-

iz Mxic pbic ngy c).7

Wi mican mpiin nci (NACC) -

c n y i in m, NACC a ign

bi cnn a m ambii pan nging c-

ing mica. T inc ca bi a cmmn c-

iy pim; ag a ni b acin pan, incing a

mican pa i bimic ini; xpan cm aciii;

abi a cmmn ai; p a cmmn ngy agy an a

gina anai Ky; ii NAtA inc xc c-

; p a cmmn gay pan; xpan mpay Fign

W pgam; inca ign inmn in Mxic ngy c;

an cnn an anna mican mmi a.

, am ya a, iniiai a n ay.

, a bing ma c ppy cain , in

, pmi am mmn g g mica by imping m ciy n an in pcin

pc. F ab mbiiy an ca a mican in-

mn n a aanc.8

eakening democracy

cain NACC inica, Hap a a n agn-

a. H a na giimiz i aiaian m a-ip by aging a ba again iing an ba cnain. T


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14 e Harper ecord

Hap gnmn ac a canc ci ca agmn

a a bn ngia i pinc. na pcing

pc by ic a anaa-i ci ca pgam a bn ab-

i, abann a cnain an cn picy-maing a axab mny aanc an an pia bin an

gp ci ca inac an iniiai m ai

(Ballantyne). Hap m nmin a amp p

a aina ci bn ym in a ning an incn

ci ax bn ic p p amii a (Battle).

n a biza i gic, gnmn ag a i a n ng-

ncay n acacy mn qaiy, n g

by a ma mn cnmic inqaiy pi. nai

gnmn pici inc i inqaiy in pici c a in-

cm-piing ic ic ax bn icy ig-aning

mn. a i ncay, nai ci, Sa

Wmn anaa inc qaiy in i mana, inc

aay xi in a (d Hoc oalition on Womens

quality and Human ights).

T gnmn iain mcaic piic a a in in

i ppiin pbic c an cci ig. Hap main-

ain a ca cmmimn pia c in aa p-

iy gnmn an pbic cnmy. a ,

gnmn cmmimn piaizain i in in big picy

m c a ing-p PPP anaa nc. Ti i ini-

in ic i inn cmp mnicipaii c pbic-pi-

a panip (-3) n bginning inac pjc (Sanger

and rawley). T gnmn piaizain agna a man n-ing pbic c pia c in a myia ay, in-

cing pgam i; cnacing-; ing pbic a; a-

ing-bac iniin m pia c; pia nancing pbic

pjc; caing ma pbic ic; an pmiing pi-

a iy a ca i ncing anaa Ha c

(Sanger and rawley, est).

T impainc i ic Hap miniy gnmn a-

mcaic ppiin bcam qicy in. gnmni ibaiz ma in gain, Wa Ba Ceo a


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15

an gnmn pn Ba mmb m paing

in pp maing ba. Ba mmb pac

g bi cin pacic. Hap i m bay m

Wa Ba jiicin an, ag pp by a c ,a y again, in a ii g O-in-nci

ic a n aiamnay appa (Forsey, ampbell).

T gnmn c ciin in ai nin-

mna amn a an pmn (Frampton and edlin).

y an acc--inmain ym (Hennessy). -

ng n anaa innaina bigain n cima cang i

(Sanger), an i a cay a i c ciin imping

i pan a gain a n ma (Forsey, ampbell).

Hap annnc a a a i mbia b aiamnay

cmmi ying ma a p (Katz). T gnmn

ma ignican cang immigain picy an ga abiay p-

mmigain mini i ba by bning i in

2008 Bg impmnain bi (Flecker). Hap canc

ang gam ic n qaiy-ing gp, c a i-

abiiy acii, bing ga innin naina impanc in

c. T pgam a innainay cgniz i in

ping n maning anaian a (ae).

T gnmn c piin naina cinc ai an ap-

pin n Manning ai gnmn n cinic i

(Sanger and rawley). T gnmn ac i ppiin b-

ca n many ccain i bjc cinic pinin n i i-

i pp. T gnmn cniny jc a cinic i-

nc ning am-cin bn Vanc a in-jcin i, xamp (Moore and Donohue), an pp n

picy pin n ngn cabn cap (Frampton and edlin),

a a cn gnain bi cngi (Mooney). ap

m cing a i iga cinic inc cncning

cima cang an i cn an cnaicy pici n n-

inmn (Sanger and Saul). Ti inc a c n pan an

m anaa aay m innaina nm n cin ab-

gn ga miin.


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16 e Harper ecord

T nai g-n-cim appac a imiay ic

a pbm ic cia cinc ac inica i n ging.

na cmmniy-ba ccin pgam, a g-

nmn m a a m pnii an iniiaiic appac.F xamp, n ani-g agy a i Jic

Dpamn aay m Ha anaa (Moore and Donohue). im-

ia ppci a aba a Hap gnmn cnin

jc ia n cia minan a. na,

i c n iniia pnibiiy a cm an

mny aay m pgam pping cmmniy-ba pn

i-a. (dwards).

Wn anaian ca Say mmiin -

n a nca ac in Onai, pin a an -

ac main paina (Moll). T ca i a g xamp a

gnmn i n gain m gnay. Un Sciy

an piy anip, Hap gnmn m m

pcainay pincip an iny- m gain c-

ing n i-managmn, i impicain a a g

ay. n pamacica, nai in pc

canging ay in ic gain appy g-ing. T n

i man bing g ma m qicy, i ing -

pnibiii pamacica cmpani, c g-

nmn in ning g ay, an nin ccy an cmmcia

cnniaiy in giain (hite and McBane).

anada-.. relations

im Mini, Spn Hap y ang piin n

anaa-U.S. ain. Vy n a aing c, gnmn

ga in U.S man n mb an ign a p a

anaa i Uni Sa. En a NAtA ibna, U.S. a

c an wto i n accp B aminiain cnn-

in a anaa a biizing mb pcin (aron),

Hap gnmn nmin piin anaian p-

c an nga a c ciin ic a bn ci in anaaa inc a n in mb cnfic bgan in


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17

2001 (ampbell). Simiay, nai piin a wto a

ac ny ggingy in a anaian pc n i

ppy-managmn. n ac, Hap aac n Wa Ba an

Gain mmiin a y nmin anaa n nc maing ba in innaina ngiain.

M, Hap a n m an n ccain campaign in

Uni Sa in a B a a i mbia an -

xnin U.S. ciy pim in mica (Katz). On

inca ppy ig, anaa n nai b

U.S p inca pan pcin pamacica, -

icing piin cap gnic g anaian

ppain (ampbell, hite and McBane). T gnmn appin

an iny pan cmmnain n giain in -

cmmnicain, an pan cmmn inca in ign

nip (atkins, Moll and egan Shade).

n m pc, i nai gnmn ac n mc

i a miniy gnmn, b m i a a-im nin gn-

mn maning yay m ppiin in im naina cii.

Sinc Spmb 11, 2001, b Liba an nai gnmn

a bn naing in i anc U.S- a again

, b i a nai c anaian b-

an ciy c mi U.S. Dpamn Hman

Sciy. T ciy c gin acc pic c

anaian ciizn. n pic c i inmain ic a

n bn by c, y accain an - cag

a bing again a, i i pcin.

n 2006, gnmn a cmp ca an inqiy n nin ba mai, ma b-Emaai

an Mayy in in Syia Egyp , icy inic-

y, m acin anaian cia ing 2001 2004. T p

acbcci mmiin a iginay man b bmi

b 2008 cin a ca, b a ay ni

a cin.9 B Liba in p ing

n in qin an nai, a in a

ani-i agna, pa pbic ciny n iing cin campaign.


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18 e Harper ecord

T nai i n ny cnin i Liba ani--

i giain, b y a xpan i. F xamp, y ini-

-Fy i ic ini pici pp i ca-

ging m ying n cnicin. Wi n aing inpn-n i, i a n cai mbiiy ig. Ty -

b pp i piacy an ciy a pn n i a

a i gnmn an aiin (ampbell). anaa -

ciy agnci a inni i aciii inc nai

cam p. cing xamp i b n in cnin

ciy cica an c ia. g Spm

anaa n anaa c ia pc b ncniina,

nai bqn ining i giain cnin

nmin anaian namna mcaic ig. On apc

ciy cica giain n a acc may n

inc ca again m. Ty a pmi n

again ny (Behrens).

Uni a pi iy in ic anaa gan aym

50,000 U.S. a i ing Vi am a, nai

a bgn ping U.S. i g in aq (Harden).

Mani, in ganian, Hap inca inpabiiy

an cpain anaian am c i U.S.

an iay ga p n pacping (Warnock, Staples). Un

nai, anaa i ny p mcacy a n

i ciizn an a ci i ac an iga miiay cmmiin

in Gananam (Foster). Un Hap, inca in miiay pn-

ing in pp a in ganian i n nanc innaina

ciy, b ma anaian cnaim in imag UniSa (Staples).

Un Hap, anaa ng n pi cmmimn -

ping cni in miaa a ngiain an p an ag-

gi biaa a picy, pciay in mica (Sreenivasan).

T pi Liba gnmn a a y cmmi ib-

aizain a, nanc an inmn ac b, b in main-

aining i cmmimn niba innainaim an mia-

a iniin, i pm nibaim a wto iin a nm accpab i in gba S. T Hap gnmn


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19

a bn anying b ipmaic n innaina ag an, in in

i B aminiain, p nanab man ma-

-acc in inia pc an api ibaizain -

ic. Ti agy a c in U ima ang ngiainin Bai, anaa am ai cnn by ping ping

cni c miin a am a a p cni

(Sanger and Saul). anaa an innaina man ig

am, m naby by ing again U Dcaain n

Rig nign pp (Foster).

onclusion

n 32 mn a nai miniy gnmn a in

p bn 2006 an 2008, pp anaa ac igni-

can cang bca banc a Hap gn-

mn aci an bca ani-mcaic ay in ic

n ab i. Wa bcm ca m Hap Rc i a

nai a a cmmi a ma-in cnmy a

Liba , b a Hap i n cmmi naina m-

caic miaa iniin in am ay. F Hap, ny

innaina ainip a ma i n bn anaa an

Uni Sa. H n ciiciz B aminiain i

inpi in iing p i n cnai cmmimn.

Hap in a big ig n a a U.S. gmny. Ra, -

fc an nanc imag cnai niy in

mica an a cmmimn ma c a i n

by niy mcaic abb. n, i caing cin c in aanc U.S. cin mig b im p-

p Rpbican a y g ab ying c a Mcain a-

miniain. cainy Hap n am b nning a campaign

i Baa Obama i n pin Uni Sa.

ii ciy ganizain m bcm qi ppi a

Hap a p a m aip in a bn im.

n im n a agic n am a ba an i-

ang pibiii. i g pnn an n c a n py cnicin a an i pib can b a-


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20 e Harper ecord

ica. i i cci capaciy m ngn a

ac piica p Ceo a mbi in ing pai,

in majiy miniy. n, b nx gnmn a

ap, i n mmb a appn ing a an -a a i i a ppa cmmi m n n.


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GoverNANCe


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Governance 25

Understanding Stephen HarperThe long view

Steve Patten

CANAdIANs Need to nan piica an igica m-

pamn piician i Spn Hap mn an mn

api piica aip.

Wi can gain impan inig by iing Hap g-

nmn pici an c inc 2006 cin, i i a nia

a p bac an a a ng i, cniing Spn Hap

ca piica inmn pi inning cny

ig piica c. Wa Hap ng c ngagmn

in cnai piic ab i piica caac?

Ti cap i ganiz an a i qin ab Spn

Hap piica an igica caac. ay, a i pp-

caim, ma gy in m? a xn i a cn-ai ig bing a piica pagmai? Wa yp

cnaim mbac? Wa cmpany p

ab i piica caac? i ag a Spn Hap i an

cnmic cnai ay piica miain py

igica. Wi i n n agic pagmaim a a

im ma pac i b cnai ppim an aiin-

aim cia cnaim, cnin maginaiz yim

iin anaian cnai amiy. H n im i


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26 e Harper ecord

i-min cnai an ain a ng- i anm

anaa in i cnai imag.

e smartest guy in the room, or the most strategic?

Wn Spn Hap cam anin piica b,

i a a n aing in bin fging Rm ay

anaa. Hi pc n ginaim an ain in anaian -

ain a ai a a igig Rm pay ning cnn-

in.1 ga cnnin a Hap a aning a-

in, n Manning caim n pay a n a pnia

picy ci.2 O nx ya, Hap an Manning

cy a c-acic Rm pay picy agna.

Fing pay bag 1993 a cin, Hap

am a pminn in Rm cac, an paiamn-

ay p gay qicy an a yng M a n

m iy Rm pay c inign an pcpi cm-

mn. Rfcing n ay ay, Manning a cib Spn

Hap a pay b min in m picy anayi an a-

gy pmn.3

i cainy a Hap i a ma man. H i a an

an M in cnmic m Uniiy agay.

am, i paian pp an cnai jnai a

pnn m iy a Hap bigapi n xagga

niqn i inc. Wn i cm pbic picy, Hap i

n a paicay inig igina in, an i cainy n

anaian piica a mna a capaciy main-inm, c, an in qicy n i .

F piica acia in nan Spn Hap b-

an m Fanagan, -nn Uniiy agay pi-

ica cini. Wn m bac in ay ay Rm

pay, Fanagan a imp by xn ic Hap cm-

bin a maaby i ng piic i a n agic

min.4 Ti bain g a Spn Hap ma.

Wi my n amng many -inm picy n ngagin aci piic, ipay a niq an n i cm


26/503

Governance 27

agic imnin paian piic. H i ab byn

mmn an ngag in ng-m agic ining ab i piica

ga an acic an immia acin qi aain i -

i cm.ningy, Hap agic min an anin acic may

npin a m piica jnai a ini a i a-

caic nnci i i p cabin mini n a a

an mainain an xai ym inmain cn.5 m

a i pna n igica an agic cainy ma i

ic im cn mig n a

i piica agna inig.

O c, cnaizain cn i n na in cn-

x anaa niy nmcaic piica pai, b Spn

Hap agic caac xpain i ma acaic na-

an i an-n cn picy-maing an piica

mag a n pbic ac i pay.

Hap a a ap min, b i i a bi my-maing a a c-

a impin i ma gy in m. am,

i nan Hap mmb a i y

piica m i, am i ai, gi by a agic cac-

ain. Spn Hap nan anaian piic an can-

g acia i biing a caiin in pp i cnai

agna. H n, in , b nima.

deologue or pragmatist?

Ding a-p Spn Hap campaign pac ScDay a a anaian ianc, lobe and Mailcmni Jy

Simpn pbicy cn Hap a a pa n i n

aip. ccing Simpn, Hap a igica c-

c in anaian piic.6 Hap Liba an Dmcaic cm-

pi a a ppa imag Hap a a cn-

ai ig i a in agna imp pici a

b npaaab ma, mi---a anaian. ningy,

, cmmi cnai pni i Gy ic, a -m cag Hap a aina iizn aiin an an


27/503

28 e Harper ecord

aci pp Hap bi ianc aip, n cii-

ciz Hap abanning pincip cnaim in a a -

iba agy iing cnai pincip an ming

[nai] pay .7 a xn, n, i Spn Hapa cnai ig? any aiiy caacizain

Hap a m pagmaic an igica?

T i n ag inc in pp caacizain

Spn Hap a an ncmpmiing cnai ig. n

ay 1980, Hap i cnmic a Uniiy agay.

Hi ay cnncin cnai piic a ap by agay

piica c in yay aina Engy gam. Hap

a p piica anayi a mia cnai ba

ain i Liba gnmn in Oaa. i bigap-

, Wiiam Jnn, xpain, y Spn Hap

b ca-c an pbm. Y impmn b

cnmic ciin, an n i im.8

Hap a a gi nai, b n Bian Mny

gnmn a i namna cnai an-

main ic Hap a ig p, bcam iiin.9

ninc a Mny a niing ma g ciin an

a i pay ac cnai pipica gning n-

cay inia m Liba, Hap an i c

in, Jn Winbg, cmmi m biing a B

y n pay mmb in in p m cn-

aim a a n anming U.K. an U.S. n Maga

Tac an Rna Ragan.10

Sm imi i iniiai a an xamp ygmaim many yng acii ipay. B n Hap nia

ba a abing im an ig, iMaclean cmni a

W, i ami a Hap a aay an campin ng

cnai igica cmmimn in anaian piic:

n ig ng gam, ic a anm anaa, i i

im, in a pny in pac.11

Ding i ya aci inmn in Rm pay, an -

pi i c ing ainip, Hap n cang a cni b igicay ag an cpi ppim


28/503

Governance 29

n Manning. nay Manning, Hap ag in a

piining Rm a a pay Rig.12 Wi mpaiy

ma paian piic m 1997 2001, Hap p a in

a in igicay ncmpmiing aina iiznaiin. Ti i an ganizain n by ani-Mica ca-

in Bn, ic n pmi n npi,

pc an accnabiiy axpay n gan M -

m g gnmn.13

npiingy, n Hap ci n aip

anaian ianc, ca n pay b a ca ic

cnaim a jc any fiain i R y inain

J a an gi nai pay.14

a pin in im, Hap a aay p pincip aa

piica ici. n, an m Fanagan cninc a

Rm pay a a cniab cc a ging n i

n anaian piica agna, i a aying nain

a gnaiz ca i a igica ig.15 n i,

bi, a bn accmpi i igica cnic-

in n pa cnai iin Rm pay. By im

am m anaian ianc, , Hap m

a bcm incaingy cninc a im a cm

a a a ncay m a gnmn. xn a Hap

a a pagmaic i, i a bn a in i m an

a a majiy gnmn.

T m pagmaic i in m an n ay in anaian p-

iic. i imp, pagmaim in ying m ab im-

mia an angib ccnc an gan ia, i, i-gi. n , a pagmaic appac pbic picy-maing i

in bab aiy an n a i b ncay an

pacica. agmaim, , i a n acia i aiing

piica cmmimn igica an ig in a

cni pici a i b piicay ppa i mainam -

a i, ai xm in a i cn

cn ig picy pcipin.

F many pagmai, gging cn i m an a m p-iica cacain; y bi i piica i in ppy


29/503

30 e Harper ecord

nn-igica cn. Fm Onai pmi Bi Dai a n

cib a i pagmai, a ac a a m cn-

ai mmb i cabin.

Spn Hap a n nn ca an ng igica cm-mimn. Si, i ny aa impanc ing a i

ncay in. nay a m cnai pni, c a

Gy ic, a ag, may n b iing i pinci-

p in, b i iing ngag in a m agic pagma-

im a in maing cncin ign n piica ic-

y in ng m. M, inc apiing piin piica

aip, Hap a gay mna a pagmaic iingn

piin im in mi i cnai caiin

ic i pay aim appa.16

Hap cgniz a a inning cnai caiin i inc

a y i gp anaian. n a 1989 mm n Manning,

ag a c piica caag in cnmpay Wn

mcaci pi axpay an pia c-in ciizn (

igica ig) again pbic c-in piica ca an

ax cipin Wa Sa ( igica ).17 T cn-

ai caiin ig inc cpa c an

pia c ban mi ca, b a apc ban -

ing ca an a ca a a an in in ax an a

ian cia a an iba incaim Wa

Sa ca.18

n m aiina piica m, Hap gp paian

acii an cnai jnai amb a 1996 Win

ang cnnc in agay a gp bg g by a anjnai Dai Fm ic niing paian ig a b

cc a anaian nai pay n bing g-

aiina B i, ga ppi, an Fnc-anaian

nainai.19 i a, n, Spn Hap agic pagmaim

i m in in i gg pi agi bi i cai-

in, ac Qbci nainai, i, ppi, an

pia c-in ban piica, a a a ignican

mgapic a nai pai n ca im Hnan anaian i c.


30/503

Governance 31

i caiin g, Hap a a piin im

in mi pay.20 Ti a man a niq ang iniiai

c a iing n c st an cgnizing Qbc a a na-

in, i ing a i appan pa m i Rm i n incnin i i ng-m ga a m cnaiz -

aim, appaing i pay Rm ing i a n gay

maiag an g-n-cim giain, i ing inc

Rm ic a nc mbaa pay in ban anaa.

n n, n, Spn Hap paci agic pagmaim. F

b agic an an in in pay niy, Hap i n

m pagmaic an n xpc a piician a iniia-

y in a igica. H i a piician n a

an accmpi. Hi c gg a i ng an i-

g a a in n majiy an inc ignican

picy cang an in an n a a ca gacy in m

c an caac gnanc in anaa. appcia

pib cnqnc a Hap majiy, m cni na-

cnaim ic pnay bcib.

W yp nviv?

On aii pay piic in anaa i a ac pa-

i n pn a ang igica ppci. O c,

i ang ppci i m bi n a pay i p;

igica inc a n bmg by icipin p.

On paian ig, cnfic ic aian cnaim

b pminan a bn cna ying m aip piic i pin pai (Rm) an ni ig

n n pay bann bn 1998 an 2003.21 O pa qa-

cny, a bn a a cnaim cmping

minanc n paian ig.

Economicconservatism i npi igy ma

gnmn an ax a i aca by igica

ibaian, n-iba a an B i


31/503

32 e Harper ecord

a aay an npi an cnmic gic mp

piic.

Socialconservatism nai a cmmimn aiina cia

c an maiy. Wi n acia i angica

iian piic, cia cnaim i a in

aiinaim caica cnai an B i a

pip again mbac api cia cang.

Conservativepopulism a a a m. F m

ibaian-min cnai, ppim i ab mcaic

pc a impanc ning ay a

nmia ic iniia ciizn. F , ppim

i ab aning p again i in nc cmmn

pp. Wa i niq ab cnai ppim i i

niin i a nnc a a bacacy

an pcia in a pa piig-ing minii,

an cmmn pp a a-ing axpay.22

RedToryism i m pgi cnaim a

a anm y nin noblesse oblige incnai pp a a, an a iingn

am ma by aing cia cncn an piic

mp cnmic gic. R i n b m cmab

an cnmic cnai i a pgam ai in

n.

Spn Hap c igica cmmimn a m-

y in aiin economic conservatism, an y a bn m im. a y pp gi nai

pay, Hap p Mny ani 1984 ca icy

bing piic Tac an Ragan anaa.23 c-

in, n Oaa i ca Mmb aiamn,

Jim Ha. a n ng, , b a iiin by

ac cang Mny bg caac an pici

a gnmn.

Unappy in Oaa, Hap n Uniiy agay, m Jn Winbg, an qay ign gi


32/503

Governance 33

nai bcm n Hap c in. T

n bgan aing infnia ncnai

in an aing ab a i a bi a n

cnai cmmi anming pay anaa.24Ti ambiin a b in in biing a ig-ing mmn

capab canging gning igy Liba anaa.

mng a Winbg an Hap a a Fiic

Hay , a im, a a aing ic iin ma-i-

n ian c cnmic. Ecing Taci caim a

i n c ing a ciy, Hay ag a a ca -

ciy i a pnan a mg cia an cnm-

ic inacin bn iniia. Ti py ibaian ppci

n cn b ciai an caica cnai ia. i a

ppci a cm npin Hap ging cmmi-

mn impanc pcing iniia cia an cnmic

m, icing iz an ac gnmn, ing ax,

an piing cniina pcin ppy ig.

By im Hap abann jin n Manning

in ning Rm pay, cay ini i ib-

aianim cnmic cnaim.25 i Mac 1987 cn-

nin a ic ciin a an n n pay

Wn mby n anaa Ecnmic an iica F in

Vanc Hap an Winbg ppa an n-pin

mani i a axpay Rm gna. c n canging

caac anaian piic (ning panag, gina inqa-

ii, c.) an cmmiing ng cnai pincip an a n

cnmy ma gnmn. campin piica m ancnmic cnaim an, accing Hap bigap,

n ig in cia ma cnaim.26

i a mia, , ign Hap ainip social con-

servatism. i a nai pay py cmmi -

cia cnai n Hap i n n m. H a mna-

a []giaing ig ma cnc in i gam.27 Si, i

an n-appcia pac ma aiinaim in Hayian cn-

ai g. Libaian cmmimn iniia m canb a a i any impimn cang (n n pp


33/503

34 e Harper ecord

by cia aiinai); a am, many cnai

i Hay i ma an cia aiin a cc im

pa, a im a ji ning m an incmna an

gaa cia cang.Ly Macy i n Hap b xp i -

ainip angica iianiy. Macy cib Uni-

byian-ai Hap a a n-im igi pic ny

cam i ai in a.28 H n pay Hap

a a cmmi cia cnai, b a an cnmic cnai

bi a ai, cmpain, an ica jgmn a cna

a -ncining ma cnmy.

iicay, Hap a ici paya cia cn-

ai a big, i pp c im a n a-

cia i ncaging ma aiinai ing appn

incmnay n im a ig.29 Hap ai, i appac

iian gp, an i cn pac ip n in im

angica cmmnii in a ay a a n ca n

g in in piic in 1980. H main, , a m

an cnmic an a cia cnai.

i ma Spn Hap iain mcaic

an apping conservative populism. n Manning a

Hap a ng- ain ab im an a ga-

cnain.30 B i ppi ciiq Hap mi

pin. nai ppim i ab mc m an piing -

inay pp i a ic in piic. Unying any m ppim

i an igica cncin a piica caag a pi cm-

mn pp again p nnc in. n i pc,Spn Hap i a n i cnai ppi.31

n mi-1980, Hap an Winbg a Bim

e atriot Game: ational Dreams and olitical ealities. Ti b,

ic inpi pai a y pca 10 cpi a i

in, ai nain Hap mbac cnai pp-

i ia.32 Bim anaa n-pmanc a an cn-

my an a a nain. H pain Liba pay anaa a i-

ain bin anaa cin. Bim, i Hap a im, ing pcia amn acc pinc Qbc a an imp-


34/503

Governance 35

an c nain an n-pmanc in anaa. n aiin,

, Bim b m mican ncnai c a

ing Ki, pain a pai a n ca cii an, aca-

mic, jnai, an ca iny i n pb-ic c inninim an bn m y pagi a

nmining anaian nain.

Spn Hap mbac mc Bim anayi in ping

i ciiq a a. Wn ma i pbic piica b

in a pc a Rm pay ning cnnin in 1987, Hap

aica i ppi ciiq a a:

T a a a pac npcn p in cnaizingan a bacacy, b in m i n ac in

anaian i an i ininc n anaizing a pici an paci-

c n a naina ca. T a a a in pnmn-

n gy p-gp piic acing npcn p.

T in a a pa in g gn-

mn ciin-maing maciny. T, i n a bn igy

cc in aciing cnan g i pgam an ba-

caci.33

T n gp iin anaa cnai amiy i m

Hap a bn niing acia a cnin m-

bac RedToryism. Fm i ay ay a a ign gi

nai, Spn Hap a n caaciz R y

cnai abimn a i immia nmy. n 1980, b-

i i a Mny mbac -aning R y aiin

a pn a -fg ncnai in in anaa.Wn an aip anaian ianc, Hap -

jc any ggin niying anaa cnai pai

ng a J a main gi nai a.

n m, n, Spn Hap i, an m, an cnmic

cnai. B i an cnmic cnai a ma pac

i cia cnaim. H i cmab i an aianc cnm-

ic an cia cnaim an. n pa, i i bca i a

man iian ai i acia ma a an an n-ying a aiinaim. B a i i bca many cia an c-


35/503

36 e Harper ecord

nmic cnai a a ppi anayi a -in

pgi iba i a many ya nmin cia, c-

nmic, an piica in inay a-ing, ax-paying ci-

izn. Ty a, a m Fanagan ag, a cmmn nmy in pbic c-in piica ca iba inca an c-

a i -ma ciy accing i n ain-

aiic iin.34

e company he keeps

F ca, Spn Hap a cn acia i

pp a piicay ambii an py igica. Wn

m n Manning in 1986, Hap a qic jmp n

ba pjc anc Rm ay anaa. Wi ing

Manning an Rm, Hap m m Fanagan, py cn-

ai acamic main n i c piica acia.

Fanagan a an a aip in a Hap maj pi-

ica campaign an a im in Oaa a i i Sa.

Hap bqn i Sa a bn an Bi an Gy

Gin. Bi ci i D in iica Scinc in Fanagan -

pamn a Uniiy agay. Hi iain pi a

Mn, n n m ig-ing mmb ba

mi E Smac cabin. Gin a a ni a mmb in

c pmi Onai ing Mi Hai ya an

a nn i capaciy pi cna ig Hai

am picy agna ( mmn Sn Rin) a i i

ay g pincia bacacy.Hap i nn i aciain i agay c cn-

ai acamic. Wi nging impanc i i

niiy a mim xagga, i a mmb agay

c, incing Fanagan, Mn, an Rain Knp, jin

Hap an cnai picy anay Kn Bn in iing

inam 2001 ba gna a ncag mi Rap

Kin mbac pici a bi a piica a capab

pping an aggi an i a [Liba] gnmn


36/503

Governance 37

m imping big pning an innini pici a n -

fc anaian a.35

n cn ya, Hap a p cniab in aic an

igicay-in cnai i Bian Mny ancabin mini Dai Emn an Jim nic. Hap i aa

agic aanag acia i cming m nn-R

y mn pay in i inn cic. B, im an

again, a pac m i in iniia amng

ncnai ai 1980 an 1990, incing nm-

mmb Mi Hai am a ign an impmn

Onai mmn Sn Rin.

F xamp, ing anaian ianc aip ac,

Hap pp m Lng. Li Hap, Lng a n ba i

R i in 1980. a yn pa a Janay 2000 cn-

nin anc anaian ianc, Lng a a a

J a, aying i n a cnai an a n maning

c accmpimn n pming ing cnai ay

ca ab.36 Mmb Hai am n cy i

Hap inc a mini ny mn an Jim Fay (b

m mmb Hai cabin), nai H La

Van Lan (m in Onai pay), an Hap n

i Sa, Gy Gin.

Ti pic cmpany Spn Hap p i ciy in-

cmp. B i a xn ic Hap a cn a-

cia i many m igica an py cnai mm-

b anaa cnai amiy. H a n ba i m

pgi R i, i imany caing pci -ing ainip i infnia cnmic an cia cnai.

onclusion

Spn Hap i an a piica agi i a ap min an

a i naning anaian piic. H i a agicay

pagmaic b biny igica, b i py cmmi c-

nmic cnai pincip an niing n m i ga -maing anaa in i cnai imag. Wi n nn a a -


37/503

38 e Harper ecord

cia cnai, Hap n pp i infnia ing

anaian cnaim, an n a piica icy qi

cia an cnmic cnai g in piica cn-

again m pgi ic. Ennc a n i iin anaian piica i, Hap m aica i an-

ay Rm-y cnai ppim, b i -i -

main a pa i igica dNA.

Li many agicay min piica a, Hap i ga-i-

n, an mainain cn i gnmn pici an p-

iica mag n y aign i aciing i ga. H an

an a m igica bi a mia im

ngag in piic. H n im i cnai a

i ng igica bi an, n cmpmi n picy

mmbip i am, i i ypicay a agic m ign

bing im c inning a majiy gnmn.

n a Hap i i majiy, anaian n

nan i piica an igica caac. Ti cap a

xamin Hap ng c ngagmn in cnai piic in

p a i i cnib ping c an naning.


38/503

Governance 39

Chill EffectStephen Harpers cold war on reedom o speech

Trish Hennessy

there Is thIs qinnia Spn Hap mmn, mciy

zn in im by i m, ay in i mana a im

Mini anaa a aic i cmmnicain a an

a iin cama im i n ay c.

Ti i ay anaian a ging man i man

a j qa in miniy gnmn.

Hap n nanaby n, i i p

i y. i n pain ci mmn y

y pan an in:Make it go away or make it better. H

p a i a, i n bning a im, an c

i i n a bi, ma, c...m...ana.

, a many pin a n i cin c in i ag in paning. Ty c a an

ay. O a c a ai gby i a aing

g an a i. B Spn Hap, cnmma pin-

a, c caic bin ana.

Spn Hap pbic pna i n a a am an aab

man. H i cni a c-a agi iing a i a

ang n in p an, i anaian n xpc i

im Mini g an ba-gging, i c a ing a


39/503

40 e Harper ecord

Hap ci c an i n p an i am an zzy

i i n cin in pbic p ppnii.

T Hap ci c a bn in m y bginning,

an i a bn cnin g i ya in c. Dingi bi pi, Hap a c ym p inc ,

ciic, an gnay anyn i m im Mini mig

a a iagmn. n i inc Ecin anaa an

anaian ing qaiy jic, a a i piica ppiin,

Liba pay.

H a pic pbic g i ining baca an

n nma bacaic f pbic inmain. H a

naina p cp i a pcia in gp a a b manag,

cn, an cnain. H a mzz i n cabin, aing

i pacic n ig, an iy impmn ning c

gp ic n inay anaian a a pbic ic an ac-

c ga pnain iin c ym.

i a bn nac i ny miniy gnmn p a

Hap ipa. L ncc, Hap ci c an

pny nmin c iniin a n a

anaa mcacy. a gi a gimp in cang anaian

mig xpc Hap c a majiy gnmn.

i cap i mna, ci c i in

naab aii: 1) T im Mini a p, pna i-

aiina anaian iniin, n a ic i

mainam mia; an 2) Hap pna y i m aia-

ian an i i mcaic a y a n again gain mn

anaian piica aip b i inin i a i man b an xm nai in i ay an ag.

an xm cnai, Hap i n cib a a a-

ig ig, b, ingy, cgnii cini Gg La ay

a nna ig i a a c a. La ay

xm cnai (in Uni Sa, a a) acib a ma

i a i ain a n b1 aiy, icipin

an mi a ci a a pay m in ay--

ay xm cnai piic.


40/503

Governance 41

La an ni b aing i y piica y

U.S. in Gg W. B, qny ap ic a-

m, appying g ming jic. Ti cap i-

a y appi Spn Hap a , an i inin Hap ci c.

Lning pmi qiy

Eay in i mana, in Spmb 2006, Hap gnmn an-

nnc c 66 a pgam aing $1 biin2 c m-

inicn mi-1990, n a Financ Mini a Main

caim a p a p p anaa m iing

b a.3 B n inay c-cing ma, an

in Spmb 2006 anaa c n pn b acing a b a.

n ac, c f i ca an anaa a baing n

b--dP ai in iniaiz . T a

a $13.2 biin ca p an n ca an pn ang pb-

ic pgam.

Wa a ignican ab c a n mc amn,

b a g c: gp a gi ic anaian. Sm c

c i ang gam an Sa

Wmn anaa, ic b iginay abi xpiciy

a pa a gnmn pc miniy ig an

n a anaian a acc namna jic. n ac,

gnmn anaa n bi4 cib ang

pgam a a nn-p ganizain ic a p in 1994 p-

i nancia aianc impan c ca a aanc an-gag an qaiy ig gaan n anaa niin.

a bn a y mn an iicay iaanag gp

.

ccing ay in Bin, c cang n i p-

gam cgniin pgnancy iciminain, n

pacic ing a a man a a an agmn impi cn-

n in xa aa ia, an bann iciminain ba n xa

inain. T ang gam i pi an im-pan pic mcacy in ym, Bin ai. cc


41/503

42 e Harper ecord

c i nia iicay iaanag minii a

mim iciminay impac majiy .5

Gin na c, a p-bac m anaian.

T Hap gnmn pn by ing mny i a anm Sa Wmn anaa, aing a bi m, b, ingy, i

m m acacy m Sa Wmn mana, -

ing n qaiy-ing ac an anayi.

Wy aic c pgam ign n qa ic

an ain a anaian ig mb iin n cn-

iin? a, Hap a in gnmn anaian

a gn p i. H p iman anaa mn

Kynian a a an c nin a gnmn a

a ppi, ning, cia pay n ba i ciizn. n

xm cnai , pp an a y g n mi, an

y a iniiay pnib maing ( baing) i. Hap

iin gnmn, xm cnai iin, i n ib-

in, , an cii binc. i m aiaian in na,

mcaic an m iii: T in a ay y i i m

y again m.

Hap a in n n pn piica ba. Hi gnmn n

pbic ba a a i ga majiy gnmn. anaian

a n i in igica a pincia n

Onai Mi Hai gnmn, ba Rap Kin gn-

mn, b n b n naina ag. On i ag, Hap

gnmn n a aa ma gnmn, a pmiic m

a impi pbic pgam an a ga ianc n pia

c min anaian agna. a m micanay nning gnmn. Fning c a imi ic g-

nmn pi ic a mig p anaian cang

imi an xm cnai gnmn a namna

Hap a iigny bi a nain majiy .

ccing eorgia Straight, inpnn M Ga n,

bgan i m a a nai mmb Hap cac, a-

g im Mini an M main in an n p-

p im n ning c. n ca a ming Hap,in ic a m, bi i cac n bg c


42/503

Governance 43

ang gam an Sa Wmn anaa. H ai,

W a min a i c, xpni c, ic i b

annnc. Ty a bn min. Ty a piin. n...

anyn [] a g any pbm i a ay anying abi i ging a a piica ca. H ai a in cac,

n Straight. a a a.6 Mzzing i cac an cab-

in mmb i b n many agi Hap a mpy in i

miin cnaiz cmmnicain an mainain m cn

i gnmn pan cang gnmn a n i.

n cac, Hap cn bacbnc i a i iy p-

ci a a gag mainain appaanc a ni piica

pay pi -nn . Maj annncmn cm

Po c, gnay, an n cabin mini c.

abin mini i pa mia qi mag

n ppa appa by Po c.7 Wn a cabin mini

g na, i na i bcm pa n.

a, a a yay in in, bacbnc an cabin min-

i ai, i xcpin c Bina Snac, n i

n aiy inimia, an maic Ga n. Sm cnn i

i caaciic a ing gnmn: a ping incan

bacbnc in in a aay bn a aip cang. B cn-

i inna i qi g a pay i

aicay in iin piica ig ing: aiina b

nai ban ic a cia gnmn in pbic

ciy a i cnbaanc by xm cnai mn

pay Spn Hap ing ic nin an

aci gnmn pming pgi ia c a qaiy anminiy ig.

Wiin i a c, Hap cang a bn p a bay

m i n bac cc n gay maiag, ga ab-

in, mn ig, an pp p. Kping xm

cnai qi a a qii mainaining miniy gnmn

a a bn n Hap m ignican ci c pain;

i cac a bn bin.

i c ny i y pp by angag an ainaa ma aiaian acin appa anab. i ing a


43/503

44 e Harper ecord

Hap gnmn am i n ning c a cing

gnmn a a i pgam ning pbic ic an acc

jic c b imi in a mia nbi a a. n ac,

many ning c aim a acacy gp i n i-y a, ganizain big an ma ac nain p-

a n an bg, y n pro bono ay, an

raison detre i gi ic nab, p anaian. Gp,

inanc, a pi ga ic p pp a pm

pgam pp mn a ab gging nanciay.

a ning cbac, a nmb anaian ganiza-

in a bn c i i mana aay m pbic a-

cacy, a c mn a iban mcacy, a ming -

a gnmn mig n y ning.

Lining up the enemies

T ning c n a a ng by a gnmn in-

n n incing i ciic an mainaining cmp an ab cn-

i pbic ic. a m gy an npcn

pbic ba bn pbic an an i im Mini. F in-

anc, in 2008, Hap gnmn ncmniy Lina

Kn, pin anaian ca Say mmiin, a

imp cing a Ri nca ac. T c -

in a mpay mic ag i-aing mica ip

canc an caiac iagni an amn, b a

m ing an bi ag in nca capaciy.

On Hi, piician njy ing in c cn-i, y an mc ab Kn ing a i a ab

am- amn pbic an appn c Spn

Hap. a y, i qi a y, ai Liba ninmn

ciic Dai McGiny. nyby m y i jb in

i n ay...m i. T a in Rpbican

acic i n a n n b. McGiny gg a i a

pa a pan a min im U.S. gnmn ic n

mmni ing Scn W Wa.8


44/503

Governance 45

Spcain p a, b, inciby, i a nai

b pap, e ational ost, ic :

M. Hap a nab i baming impa...n M. Kn,

gg a a Liba paian. Wy i i i pn cnjc-

, b a ostp i , M. Kn a ma nmi in

nca iny bca a imp g n innaina

ana n any n ac bi in anaa, in ing ing AeCl

abiiy n ac gnmn Onai. S a a

n p-i n ac, a pc a an pa i

a namna bai m bing gan paing icnc.

B ma a ma AeCl aaci pnia in aa im n gnmn i ming a pa

nca pa.9

i a ing anaian pbic agncy i an aning

innaina pain, i i Ecin anaa.10 n y, in i a

aa n a pbic agncy a, Hap gnmn a anc

a a-i again Ecin anaa pping a ac aan

ai nai pay aqa ma pay a-

iing nancing i n . n mmn i i, i i n i

iing gnmn ay cm anpancy pn

ciny a an nia mn ning accnabiiy. in

Spn Hap gnmn.

T Hap nai a n ny ing Ecin anaa, b

y a again a ymbic min a a xp a-

pay cnnc in Ecin anaa. man a y n a any

pc a y a, a gnmn, an a M. Hap n a a i cii an, i inpnn ganim, ganizain

c, i jnai, i ppiin, in a i mcacy,

ai Bc La Gi Dcpp nai .11

ational ostpiica i Ky Mcaan i ab

Hap gnmn: T ing i, i y xpc n nmi y-

, y pbaby cc.12Globe and Mailcmni Lanc

Main : Hay a g by i nai gn-

mn, i by a mp c, aing a ig xamp i cn-a igig .13


45/503

46 e Harper ecord

B i in y a cn-a cn. Ti i

y mn i iigny ying c c cm-

mnicain a n fc Hap agna. im, i xp-

i in ay amp: ying c impnab, im-mab i Gna Sia Fa a cna cn

p a a an ac p y. T i Gna bg

n mingy fn Liba gnmn n Jan in;

i n ining i.

hoking the inormation fow

ing inmain f by qiy iing anaa inain

cc nmain Rq Sym (CAIrs) a bn n

m aiaian amp if m pc in anaa.

cc nmain i ay m anaian can an ab

in aing i gnmn, an q ym i a ay

canning c q. i a bacaic, maiz ay a-

ing qin an ging an. i nia pn, accnab

gnmn ming Hap im pmi ing cin

campaign. B i i y an caay Hap ci c. B

Hap gnmn ci cap CAIrs, i a bn pbic-

y ciiciz aing ng pn q an aiy

cning cmn a a inmain gnmn in

an ma pbic.

T nmb cmpain ci by inmain cmmiin

in 200708, xamp, a 2,387 m an 1,000 ig an

pi ya. T i cn-ig n c, nx

2,821 ci in 1988 2,242 m a ing cmpainan.14

T anaian ciain Jnai, ic in pn pi-

ica innin, a xp cncn ciin n

inmain giy. n a May 2008 n a, i : T CA

bi iminain CAIrs aaba i pa a ibing

n by Oaa a pnn a gnmn inmain,

a n a c imay in pbic ny ging in-main gnmn an i n.15


46/503

Governance 47

Wi capping CAIrs, Hap gnmn a a

c i payb: Ma y cna a a p

ay y n inmain. Ma y c a-p, -

gnmn i a a, c, pp. i ani-mca-ic, aiaian in i appac. n an ai a, a -

ci i a acim cmmnim, a y pic. Ei in

f an pn mcacy. B gnmn can ny g aay

i aic ma i y a ma i xm acin

anab. T Hap gnmn xpanain ning ac-

c inmain inca: Ty ai i n ng . -

m?

e media as special interest

Ey cnay cn, aiaian gnmn in a

ccy c f pbic inmain an camp

n n a ig a i n a namna anaa: Fm

p. Snningy, Hap a ag an npcn a n na-

ina mia, aiing a mann aning fag in pc. Fi,

a pim n anaian jnaim: n anaa, i i amng ig

jnaiic n b gin ig p n aing

a gnmn. T pin cam n i p

n aiamn Hi, caing an niy gp ma, in j-

nai a n aiy inimia an a i a qzing

an m y b.

mmnicain xp a ng ai i im Mini:

Fig i naina p cp a y pi. B nanSpn Hap i nan a a p an ng-abi-

ing i mia. H a nain p cp a g i

a pcia in gp ining ic m b inc.

Sinc i incpin, Hap gnmn a i, y an pb-

aby in ain, cn, cnain, an manag n in ay n p-

iy n in anaa. nai an H ag a Hap a i

ying n -giimiz mia in ing i

gnmn accn.16


47/503

48 e Harper ecord

bgan am a an ini j, in ay ay

Hap mana m pcai jb n Hi appa b a

mmnicain Dic. Hap n g ic b-

nay an n anc nai cmmnicain aiSana Bc, a iy n a n i m ai-

b pp n in mm 2008. Bc a bn

cib a ping an in gip n paiamnay p gay,

ic i Hap i i. Bc amn naina p

gay a bn bjc ga ba n by naina p-

a ign by bi amp mzz.

Eay in Bc jb, p gay n i ging a-

mp ic jnai acc cabin mini, i

baic amn by a a an pmi, i c p

c ming ina aing pgap in, an p

ing im Mini n cnnc in naina p -

a, aing ina m mmn y. anW -

p Magn Fizpaic :

Hap ianc ing ma a p cnnc a bn

n many nging iian bn i c an naina pgay. T pa a caa a im pin Hap a

ai i bypa naina mia cmpy an ny pa -

ca mia.17

ccing p m, i qicy bcam cmmn-

pac a jnai p i Hap gnmn n

i n m zn im Mini mia

p. Ding an pi 2006 n cnnc, Hap ci - pacic mia in p a i n a qin,

igning a qin by CC p Ji Van Dn an picing an-

p in ainc ina. Van Dn a c.

a nn pa, inp im Mini, Wy a y ig-

ning inp? W in a inp, an m nx. Hap cnin

ign ni p c n a i qin.

Van Dn n a qin, b Hap ga a y an-

an .18


48/503

Governance 49

a incin, -fg p cnnc in Oaa bcam

a aiy. Van Hi p Hg Win ay ming i i-

n n Hap: O im Mini a aay accp

p, b Hap niay ai, Fc y, xpain.19Macleansmagazin p a W ay Sana Bc i im

Mini mmnicain Dic n n m in

pn ca m p ing inmain.20 En baca

nmay p an mia qin a bn bin

n Hap.

a y Hap gnmn amn

mia p in ay 2006, n Hap imp a mia ban n

cing n bi i i in in y in

ganian a iy accp mican pacic a i cni

gay p in anaa.21 Sm pca mia ban a im-

p piica an, minimiz anaian ngai i

nain paicipain in ganian, ic m anaa

pacp an in aci cmba.22

Sc Ri, m ppn a Main, ai, n

mc ciin y ...b miain... a a y a

cncn a pmiing pic b pbi i a

iain in pbic pp miin in ganian. Ri

ag a nai gnmn a n a pag m

B Wi H.23 n an mina gy i ag, a

ain anaian i apain ica Ga i a n b

im Mini baing mia m i ca ci

mcming. im Ga ai c n an y mia

b p aay m amp cmni a anaian Fc Bann. n i bing a piacy ciin man a a

ping p i i, ba gy a, ai -

ing i ag na.24eTorontoSun, a mia a

naay b in ync i a nai a gnmn, an in

an iia: Ti i ab mcaic m y ing a

aing i g an i a. L g.25


49/503

50 e Harper ecord

A ngy ni i

n Mac 2006,mbassy i San Dan p n p ga-

y cmpain a Bc an Hap ying a cn-

p a an p i jb.26 Dan : ...M.

Bc ma i ca in ca ab any gay cncn,

an inica a n m pan in cn f

inmain p an imi i acc gnmn. n i

cn mia, Hap gnmn bgan pac-

ic a cna i p c ign p in

a a canc cing a Po y.

Ding an annncmn n cnia mn - mb ip, Po c ci a Hap appa

in y mmn bi ma. H ma i amn,

n y i aning qin.

La a ning, Hap ca paiamnay p m

in n ganizain an gan m ini ab

a. a ai Po a y p-

pa p i nam n i i, g y a ngc

p gay cia i ciin. p m-

py by anW Gba, cny ag mia cain, ic a

n inc a i cpnn ign Po i.27

TorontoStaraiamn Hi p Rica Bnnan, nn in

piica cic a T Bag bca i naci, ay a, n

i cm cning mia, Hap i impy aing a pag

Rpbican anb in U.S. n Ocb 2007, Bnnan ai:

ing M. Hap pi m. H i a ab cn cn-

ing mag an i n cac. D n i aning? m

cainy . ny im a piician amp b m x-

pin, i i a ma a b cncn y anaian...

Rp a appa, b again n pi. T p n

Hi a M by acic by n.28

T TorontoStar iia i Hap bin icning mag, an i pncan ccy29 a g i


50/503

Governance 51

impy anaa im Mini bin. n an ccy

a a Hap im in. T Vancouver Province an Fgn

i a Hap i-cnca cnmp mia.30

n pin, in May 2006, ab zn naina pa a Hap p cnnc p i mzzing ac-

ic.31 F i pa, Hap bam naina mia, accing m

bing bia again im. H p ca mia, a

ga cn mag. Unnay, p gay a

an i y a ging b ppiin gnmn,

Hap Lnn -ann V. Ty n a qin a my

p cnnc n. W j a mag n a.

T mia an a qin an a a

gnmn i ing anaian, anaian. S g

mag can.32

n a CC nin aic ni Spin lass, art 2: How Stephen

Harper Beat the Press allery,33 a Ban npac gnmn pin

bin mia bac. T gnmn a am i a y-

ing bing a pacic a i caic an an iniin a

i a. aiming naina mia a mina by -ing

ig, Hap a a baing p mia cn a

i min a n n Hi b p mcacy. H

ai: g m cn n... m pic my ini n

an an a m.34 n aiy, Hap a baany p in

min a agy bypa mia an ina c mia

cag a a i agna, a an qin i.

H a n ympaic npap an ai a , ic

mai, bi, iny bg an pca... ccing n y

in an nin magazin, Hap pca i m na

pca in cny. c cia im Mini anaa

bi a .pm.gc.ca an nai pay bi a .

cnai.ca an i y can ic i n by axpay an

ic i a pay gan.35

Hi i mia a an nic p in

ny xamp Hap ci c. Mia pni a pny im Mini ii c in Oaa: [H] m i-


51/503

52 e Harper ecord

many anaa naina iniin.36 B n i cm

anaa miiay, Hap gnmn i qny caing

mican-y p-p i i in bacgn. n a ic-

in icing Hap gnmn a aing miiayp-p a, CC iin Manbigt ssue pan n

May 15, 2008, iz pn Hap ymaic amp cn

mia an aac anyn mig pn an pping ipin.

TorontoStarcmni ana Hb xpain Hap m-

by pining i pay ppiina : W a a gn-

mn cny a i aing a ay a im ging i i pp-

iin mnaiy...n in p a ya, Hap nai

i ac i an ppiin, b i a m p.37 an

Ggg ag, caing Hap cning, manipai acin niq

bai a a gnmn. H n ppi

i paica nai gnmn, aying, i y a a ppi

y a an ani-abimn mnaiy, an b ay a

i m i aac b y aac .ational ostcmni

n yn n nai, aying y my an

Liba maciny iin pbic ic an pac i

i i n.

anaian Oaa Ba i Rb R ai gnmn

i ay i pbic an a i i pbic ic a pa

i ppiin, a an a pnia acic picy-

maing. T , R ai, i an amp a an ig ip

iin a pbic ic. in y i, ai, an

a an i a aing.

Cnin: W i y mn

T Hap ci c i a by-pc an xm nai n-

ning a mcaic cny in ic m xpin, a a b-

i in a a a a n gnmn xi ga pb-

ic g iniia bn, a i ngy cia a. T

ci c i a fcin Hap man: aiaian, cning

in y, iing pbic iniin, an igica bn. im Mini, Hap a an a pag mican


52/503

Governance 53

Rpbican payb, a cny ba i a-

n b an a i a bing in in in.

T Hap ci c a cp in i gnmn am

impan pbic pici a a qiy canging na anaa cang a an pbicy ba an cni. b

a, icbg bna Hap ci c ma a pny a-

ica piica agna, b a an aiaian impmnain a

agna.

Wy i m ab miniy gnmn a in iy an

ppniy ac a g y a majiy ? Upn i,

i a piingy ng i xamp iaing n ny

im Mini namna cnmp anaian iniin38

b a a i aggi, aiaian acin ic an i-

bancy anaian mcacy. a Hap p-a i

cang anaa a n i.

piica cini Dai aa gg, y pim mini i

i n agna an cn pin, b Hap a an pac-

ic n ig. Wa ing i a g cn i-

in gnmn, iin cac...a an n a y

ng im, aa ai.39 Ti ai cm i a pic ag. n m

Hap gnmn ppaiy, aa pic Hap za

mag cn i a a piica n pay:

Y can ny cn n ng, y can ny manipa

ng, an imay in i a am Hap gnmn

xn a Hap imag a bcm M. aian, M. Man, M.

n Fa. j g a pin cn i imag a

i gnmn i. Ta amaging... Y n a y nning

m an a y aai .

T qin i: Ha anaian bn paying c ng anin

Spn Hap an i ng-aming acic i n a-

g g a pa ipaying ming a i a-

ip b an a mcacy? Ony im i .


53/503


54/503

eCoNomy, TrAdeANd INveSTmeNT


55/503


56/503

Economy,TradeandInvestment 57

The Conservative Tax RecordMore o the same, or a turn or the worse?

Andrew Jackson and Erin Weir

A ProressIve tA ym an ng pbic ca capaciy a n-

c a m qa an inci ciy. n anaa, ag an

ma incm a y nqay iib, b ax an an

ym iib incm m m an. ax

a nanc pbic ic c a a ca an cain a

bn a anaian ga incm. ni i aiy

ig ax a a a naina incm a a ig pb-

ic cia pning an, a a , a mc na incm an p-

pniy gap bn ic an p.

n cn ya, anaa iing cpa p an ning p-

na-incm inqaiy a bn ampi by , pg-

i ax an c cia pning.

a a G Dmicc (dP), p-ax cpa p m 8% in 1990

ab 13% inc 2004. -ax cpa p b m 5% in

1990 10% inc 2004. T ic 1% axpay inca i

a a p-ax incm m 8.6% 12.2% bn 1992 an

2004.2 n impan Saiic anaa p a cay cmn

i a-ax amiy incm inqaiy n a, bn 1996

an 2004, main i a cang ax/an ym.3

Ti cap xamin a cpa an pna ax cimpmn inc 2000, aa cn nai cing


57/503


58/503


nai ci c a cpa ax a by n p-

cnag pin.

kP 2008 ompetitive Alternatives p cnc an inx

cpa incm ax, bin ax an mpy payax 10 cni. Ba n ax a annnc cming

ca, kP cnc a anaa i b i i an

cn- bin ax. Ony Mxic i a (igy)

bin ax. T G-7 cni an aia i a

ignicany ig bin ax an anaa.6

T g cpa ax c a n ima aiina in-

mn. a Saiic anaa pap b, O mc

a ca, cpain a a a bn ping c p.

Mani, bin x capia inmn a bn aiy g-

gi in cn ya.7 Simiay, D Ban n a ai bi-

n inmn p a an an a-im .8

G inmn by pia cpain cny qa ab

10% dP, ny igy ab a i a cniny a-

ag inc 1960. n , g inmn (ic inc

pciain) appximay qa a-ax p (ic xc

pciain). Hiicay, nn-nancia cpain an

an c n inmn in xc innay-gna

n. pa ax c a cnib a a i pan.

ay, nn-nancia cpain n p n an

ianc cmmn c by anaian cmpani a n ngai

im inc 1960.9 T .D. H ni, an gan-

izain cmmi ax c, ag a anaa a cmpaaiy

ig magina ci ax a (etr) n capia. n cacaing ima, ni xc ca bin ax, ic a paic-

ay in anaa, an ac an pmn ax incni, ic

a paicay gn . inc inni, ic anaian

ax-accning bjc a paicay ig etr. H, x

capia c a maciny an qipmn i a ma m p-

ciiy an cnmic g.

Magina ax a a n apppia ma innaina

cmpiin. n in ciing ca a aciiy i cn-


59/503

60 e Harper ecord

cn ab inmn a ax iabiiy (i.., aag ax a),

n ax n a a in (i.., magina a).

En i etr apppia ma, ac--ba CIt

c a n a c-ci ay cing etr. Financ anaaBg an 2007 inica a i pmann apia anc

(CCA) cang, ic a pjc c $145 miin in 2008, i

c anaa etr am a mc a Bg 2006 CIt c,

ic a pjc c $3 biin in 2008.

Bg 2007 a inc a mpay acca CCA

manac a a c $1.3 biin ya. T .D. H

ni cny a a i ma, ang i imiay a-

g pincia incni, amaicay c anaa a etr

n capia m 37% in 2006 31% in 2007 .10 piingy, ma

i n inmn a aiy m c a magin.

T U.S. gnmn ax mican cpain n a i

bai. m anaian biiai mican cpain

paia U.S. a bjc mican ax min ci

anaian ax pai. T, i ci ax a a in anaa

an in U.S., mican-cn cpain pay inc

bac U.S. gnmn. Japan an Uni Kingm a ax

i cpain n a i bai. F CIt a cin

an/ ag ax incni c impy an n m

anaian ay ign ai.

anaian a a b mican a, b ny U.S. -

a a appi p paia m anaa. ay, U.S. -

a a aay xc a anaian a in -ax p-

inc. ny CIt c c ca m anaian biiai mican cpain pay U.S. ax.

Personal tax cuts

T 2000 Bg an Ecnmic Samn c pna ax a m

29% 26% n incm m $61,000 $100,000, m 24% 22% n

incm m $30,000 $61,000, an m 17% 16% n incm n

$30,000. Tn Financ Mini a Main a imina 5%ig-incm ax an c ppin capia gain bjc


60/503


ax m 75% 50%. axab capia gain (i ax-xmp pn-

in pan an rrsP) a mingy cncna in an

y an. Macnzi caca a ab n-i a

2000 incm ax c n ic 5% axpay.11By nabing pincia gnmn i n a an bac-

ina ing pincia ax a a pcnag a ax,

Main a aciia inqiab pincia ax cang. F xamp,

ba impmn a fa ax an Bnic a pp n.12

Mpy, Rb an Wn caca a a-pincia -

ci ax a ic 0.01% axpay (i aag incm

$5.9 miin in 2004) m 42% 31% bn 1992 an 2004.13

T 2005 Ecnmic an Fica Upa pp c bm

incm ax a 15% immiay, a a c mi

a by 1% an ai ig a $200,000 by

2010. T Liba a pmi ai baic pna ci

$10,000 an ini a m mpymn ax ci.

n 200506 a cin, nai campaign n

cing st m 7% 6% immiay, an 5% iin ya.

Ti maj pna-ax pmi a xmp in cap-

ia gain m axain (Stand Up or anada,January 2006). T

nai bg c st 6%, ai baic pna ci

$10,000, an c incm ax a 15.5% in 2006 an 15%

in 2007. Bg 2006 a inc a n nn-nab ax

ci, incing an mpymn ax ci imia n pm-

i by Liba an a ci ax ci p $300 p ci

n 18 a an anna c $1.5 biin. M pgi bi

mny a bn b pn n imping ag n-ab ci ax ci.

n mb 2006, nai gnmn ni an c-

nmic agy (dvantage anada: Building a Strong conomy or

anadians,ovember 6) a npiingy ga pi pac

abiing anaa ax anag an ca ax a

anaian an ax a n n inmn in G-7. En

nai piician a ay ma cy ab cing ax

y an, bdvantage anada n byn ppipmi ax c a anaian mbi in ain-gab-


61/503

62 e Harper ecord

bing pg c st. cay ca magina an -

ci ax a n igy i cib a maing

m an $120,000 p ya. i ning a x an ca

in pap n n ax igy i am inica n in Liba 2005conomic

and Fiscal Update.

dvantage anada a ca c aing n aing an

inmn incm, incing capia gain. Hig ax n ig an-

an in n a iincni an aing. T

caim a bn iny ma in cn a Bg inc

by Liba an nai ai, n g cnn

acamic ia i a ig ax a n ic a y i im-

pac n i aing.14

Bg 2007 pmi a in aing m b

paymn cing pna incm ax. Bg 2008 c st

5%, aa c. Ling st by pcnag

pin i c $12 biin p ya gn n, imina-

ing mc nying a gnmn p. a ,

200809 Bg i n iy bi b bay in baanc.

Wi i by ig-ing cnmi a an incin ax c in

m incaing a-impan incni an in,

st c a in ax aing ac incm pcm,

i ag ppina impac amng mi incm gp.

(T p ay pay a bi an aag in st inc y pn

m an aag n ax-xmp nia c a an ,

an ci st ci, i y an n a a

an pn a ignican ppin incm.) M pgi b-i a ma ax aing ip ac ax-paying pbic

a bn b ic ci ca, ban an ninmna

inac, pgam. H, n maj ppiin pay

a n ia ing n pin st -

bi ca capaciy.


62/503


ew directions in personal taxation

T nai a a nan iniiai ic, i

n aing maj ca impicain a, c gaay cang

a pna ax ym ming a. T a bn a a n-

ai mmn iing a amiy-ba incm ax ym; an

xmping inmn incm m ax g ax F

Saing ccn. T nai a inc a Wing ncm

ax Bn, a pmi by Liba, ic c g igni-

canc im.

Financ Mini Jim Fay a ma pnin incm iiib

bn p ax pp. cmn by anni, i iniiai i pi ina bn m

ai ni, ny m bn mi-incm ni, an

ning a a p anaa y.15

Fay a a m ab maing a incm iiib ax

pp. Ti ppa c ab $5 biin an b im-

iay inqiab. By niin, ing pan, naac iniia,

an amii i incm n b igib.

Bca pa ax ci aay qa baic pna c-i, cp c a aanag incm-piing ny i n p

i in a ig ax bac an . n , a a n

p a b maing m an $37,000 annay. b

p ma an i amn, y c n bn m in-

cm-piing.

By a ga gain acc ic pp p

ay m. F xamp, a ing-an amiy i an incm

$240,000 m ain an xa $9,000 in npai a

ax.16

n 2004, axpay maing m an $250,000 ca $11 biin

in capia gain, 43% a amn axab capia gain in-

cm, an $6 biin 36% a iin incm. M i

ca by i mc ig an aag incm m an

$100,000 p ya. O inmn incm c a in incm i

a bi m iy iib, pciay amng ni, b n-ia aiy i a y mi- an -incm iniia an


63/503

64 e Harper ecord

amii a ignican aing an inmn i ax--

pnin pan an rrsP. (n ac, ny ab n in pia

c n a an mpy pnin pan, an m in-

ay anaian a ny cnib a ma amn i aabaing an rrsP.) Lig axain inmn incm i

Liba gnmn c in incin a capia gain an in-

ca in cnibin imi ax- rrsP -

mingy bn y-ig-incm iniia an amii, an -

c pgiiy pna incm ax (i ny p-

gi mn ax ym).

T 2006 nai cin campaign pmi imina

capia gain ax n a a n pc a in

a iy pp ( pap j ) c an cm-

pxii impmnain. na, 2008 Bg inc ax

F Saing ccn (tsA) ic i iy p a jan H,

iniiay innc, b ang in ng-m a in -

aiy mg.

Fm ag 18, anyn i b ab a p $5,000 p ya (g-

y inx infain) in a tsA. ny mny m can b -cn-

ib a aing m accma, a imi in 10 ya i

b $50,000 p any infain ajmn. incm an in tsA,

a in rrsP, i b xmp m ax. Wi cnibin i n b

ax-cib, i b n ax n iaa.

m ax xmpin m aing incm ma m n.

ni-py acii a ng n an p ac a a-

ing by many -incm appacing imn i

pni, inc incm m aing i ca bac m incm- Gaan ncm Sppmn O g Sciy a y

n 65. Ti c b mi by xmping m aing m -

cia pgam cabac.

n incm pcm, , y a-

n can an accma inmn ab an byn i pn-

in an rrsP aing, an b in a piin in $5,000 ac

an y ya in a tsA. O 20 ya, a cp maximiz cn-

ibin an an incm a a 5% a iin i ic c ac-cma a nn-axab n $300,000, an an nax


64/503


inmn incm in xc $7,500 a ya. cm bcm

a pmann a ax ym, m an m inmn in-

cm i b in tsA, an n Oaa in a

ma ym i iy b a m an $3 biin p ya i-ma in Bg. n nancia iny i a a n ic

an n ic cc .

i ning a Jac Minz, m pin .D. H

ni an a g an ax-F Saing ccn, gg n-

iay am ing in pi 4, 2008 i anadian Business

Magazine:

Fay a ab bing in a bania ax m a i ca c gnmn nx ya. T a c i b n

a, n many ni i a nax inmn incm -

in tsA. O c, mn i b in p by n, an

Fay n accn i ma i a g ax-an-pn

gnmn in .

T nai inc a ma Wing ncm ax Bn

(wIt) in 2007 Bg, a maximm $500 ing p-

n aning bn $5,500 an $9,500, i amn

j b an j ab imi. T maximm i $1,000

cp an ing pan. Sc a ma, am inica in -

ign, a bn p a icin pp in 2005 (Liba)

Ecnmic an Fica Upa. T p m cia aca a

wIt b amp p im, n m anaa

i ax Bn, a n 2008 Bg ai imp-

mn any inca.Wi incm ppmnain y ag can in p

pp a cia aianc pai an ai incm

ing p, c cm, accing oeCd, a p-

nia ncin a a biy -ag mpy n y a

inn i a cn minimm ag f.17 Y nai

a ai ac n cn cmmnain Fa Lab

Sana Ri a a minimm ag b ina-

a $10 p .


65/503

66 e Harper ecord

onclusion

Ha nai ax c bn m am a n

? On cpa ax, i a cay bn m am.

n, n nai cpa ax c an

icy m pi Liba gnmn 2005 Bg an Fica

Upa. T n Liba a, Span Din, a cmmi a

cpa ax p an nai.8 Hi Gn Si p-

pa inc cing a cpa ax a 14% m

nai gnmn pp a 15%.

On pna ax, nai a p a in ap-

pac an i Liba pc. H, i i baab i appac cni a n . T nai c

n cing st a iib ax aing m qiaby an p-

p Liba incm ax c. On ca a, p-

i Liba gnmn pmi c 22% a 21%, -

c 26% a 25%, an ai 29% p incm

ax a m $116,000 $200,000 in 2010, a an anna c $2.7

biin in n. Din Gn Si i

ppa. a a a, nai appac a bn i-c m incm ax aing a ba pcm inay -

ing anaian a an ig-incm an.

T nai a a p m n icin in pn-

a incm axain. Wi Wing ncm ax Bn i a m-

y pgi iniiai, incm-piing an tsA a niy n

. H, aing paiamnay aca xpan

incm-piing, M Ga n, i n a mmb Liba ca-

c. T i m cniniy bn Liba iniiai in-

mn incm m ax, c a ig ciing n rrsP cnib-

in an incin a capia gain, an tsA.

O c, a ciica ax picy i mc n i gn-

a nanc impan pbic piii. ab 1 a -

n a an by c a a a cnmy (dP). Ti i a

m ma maj cang an a amn, inc m-

ingy ag ax cang ma in m a n n iia a a a cnmy. Rn cang, c, fc


66/503


inacin ax c an a cnmy, b

pi cni a bn (ni y cny) n aiy ay

cnmic xpanin an byan a n. Daa a pi

199394 n Liba c; 199798, n -

a ci a imina an p bgan mg; 200506,

a ya Liba gnmn; 200607, ca ya nai gnmn, an 200708 g 201011. F

table 1 Federal expenditures and revenues (% of GDP)

Actual

9994 9998 0006 0060

(Liberal Government)(onservativeGovernment)

gam xpni . . . .

a n . . . .

o which

ax n . . . .

na ncm ax . . . .

G an Sic ax . . . .

pa ncm ax . . . .

Forecast

0008 00809 0090 00

gam xpni . . . .

B . . . .

a n . . . .

o which B . . . .

ax n . . .

na ncm ax . . .

G an Sic ax . . .

pa ncm ax . . .

Notes Fca i m (nai) Bg. Fca B i m (Liba) mb Ecnmic Samn.sources Bg an . ab .. p. , ab . p. ; mb Ecnmic an Fica Upa. ab .. p. ; Dpamn Financ Fica Rnc

ab. Spmb . ab an .


67/503

68 e Harper ecord

a ya, ab pi cn ca ca m 2008

Bg an a mb 2005 Ecnmic Samn, fcing

Liba agna ca a.

Ling a Liba pi, a n a dP, by a ignican pcnag pin dP m ig pin

in 199798, g by a m m 0.7 pcnag pin dP

i ni m. n nai pi, n a i -

ca a by 1.1 pcnag pin dP m 200607 201011.

O i pi, Liba a anicipa an n ga cin

a n a a a dP, a a 1.9 pcnag pin.

Gin a n pcn dP ay i qian $15.6 biin, i

amn a y ag inc in ca capaciy. Wi p-

cnag-pin c st a, in i, cay c a ca cap-

aciy ming a, ac main a a n in 201011

a n ca b ignicany ig an a ca n

a Liba ca pan.

i a ining n a a pgam xpni a a

a dP a bn an a ca main am cnan a

a a dP, i Liba pi a a y ap c 4.1 p-

cnag pin in ci-cing pi 199798 (by a a-

g cin any oeCd cny in cn ya), an a m-

cin 0.3 pcnag pin a. T a, c,

bn i in pning n nai naby an

pinc an ciy pning, an aay m a cia

pgam an i pning piii a n mac pgi

piii a gi in CCPA nai Fa Bg.

Mc cin in n n Liba a accn by Empymn nanc pmim an xci ax.

T pna incm ax a dP, , a c m a ig

8.5% in 199798 j 7.5% in 200506 (a a c gy $15 bi-

in p ya in anna n), an a xpc a

ax c pacag in 2005 Ecnmic Samn.

T impac Main pna incm ax c 2000 n -

n cniab, n g y in ignican

pa by ac a m incm gain pa ca n ig-incm an in cpningy aiy ig ax bac.


68/503


Wi ax n an a an a a ppin incm, y

i pay ig an aag ci ax a.

nai ax c a c anaian ax ym cap-

aciy iib a an ai n pbic pp. On , i appac pn a cninain pi Liba

picy.


69/503


70/503


BackslidingManuacturing decline and resource dependency under Harper

Jim Stanford

the stePheN hArPer gnmn a pi a amaic -

cing ca ma-p anaa cnmy. T naina

cnmy i bcming m pnn n pcin an xp

naa c, pciay pm. Mani, manac-

ing c iny ic anm naa c in m

, aab pc a bn in cin am inc ay

Hap c. Sa amaic cang a i ca -

cing inc a c-baing inf ign ic in-

mn, my aim a a anaian-n c cm-

pani, fig anaian a paiy i U.S. a,

an i a n n jb-cain ic ini, my in

pia c.Ti cing a b i pii i an i ngai

i. Sm c cnmy, by c, a iban an x-

paning. O a cnacing an ncing. T c-

ing pc i in npiingy, inc anaa i a p-in,

capiai ym by q maximm p by pia bi-

n an in. n paica, aby pnmna p a

in c ini (again, pciay pm), y-

ig gba cmmiy pic, a iing c bin a acang n ab.


71/503

72 e Harper ecord

Oa dP g an jb-cain nmb m ai-

y pii a , b a m cny n ngai: in,

anaa a dP, aj infain, bgan cin in b-

ginning 2008, piby aing aia cin.1 n, apam na-m amag ing m n -

an manacing jb an pnia a ba cin,

i p c- cing pa inn cncn

amng anaian gaing ng-n cnmic abiiy an p-

piy, in , incing gpiica ciy a an

ngy xp, ninmn, an ain.

Ti iic ca cang in anaa cnmic ma-p a

n icy ca by Hap gnmn. fc impac

gba cang in cmmiy pic, in ngy ma, an in man-

acing a n a naina cnmy ic a bn ganiz, ng

b Hap cam c, an paing pincip a m

maj cnmic ciin i b ma n bai maximizing c-

pa p. B Hap gnmn gna igica an

picy inain a cay ai i gna im icin

in naina cnmic in.

T Hap am y accp an cnmic gim in ic

bin ciin, mia by n m p, ap a

pc, i, an a by. F a, cpa ax

c, an a icy imi , b gay an ca, gn-

mn a main pia Hap cnmic iin. Fm i p-

pci, main a Hap gnmn a bn n-

ing a aciy manag i a-cang in anaa cnmic

ajcy. Ti main a bn i n i an.B a bn in cmmiin, a , n ny in

miin. nmb impan acin Hap gnmn,

m i giganic cpa ax c, ic ignicany inc

minanc cpa p cnmic ciin-maing, i

bb-amping ign a anaian c cmpan-

i, i a xpici pnc a y ig a, a a ca-

y ma ing . Dpi bing cnain nminay, a any

a by i miniy a, Hap gnmn icinaycnmic picy acin a a ngy inc minanc


72/503


c xp, i a i acia i-c: ycing c-

ncy, ging ign a, ining nn-c xp. W

y, gnmn a mapp a iin i icin

i b -c (m igningy i majiy a) a nby cmn anaa mging a a igy p-

ab b cay np ngy a cn-

i.

Manuacturing meltdown

piingy in ig ggapy, ppain, an c-

nia iag, anaa a aay bn niqy pnn n naa

c ini. n, anaian piica-cnmy aiinay

mpaiz cci a c- pmn,

ap, accing cnmic iian Ha nni,

cnmic pmn, gba ainip, an inna p-

iic. H, n b nain, anaian picy-ma c-

gniz inn imi pnnc n npc c,

an p-aciy in ai ay ima a m ii-

, a-a cnmy.

Many in ca x-

p ini, pciay a-a manacing c, inc-

ing ig ai ima mic iny, ag pbic pc-

mn pici cap inia pin- m n pca,

agic a pici ( anaa-U.S. ac a pciay im-

pan), cngy an inmn pp, an .

Ti p-aci appac b i. By mi-1990, ingca gaa pg, anaa a bcm a gba manac-

ing p. F im in iy, a bcm, in

aggga, -cin in pcin manac pc.

n , xp a mc a imp, an n m.

F a cny ic aiinay i n xp naa -

c pay imp a-a mcani, i a a mn-

acimn.

On mmay inica cnniny cib i capg. a 1 inica ppin anaian xp


73/503

74 e Harper ecord

ing in pay ay in a an

nanc n imp a cni npc bay-p-

c c-ba pc, incing agica g, -

y pc, mina, an ngy. n W Wa , anaa

a i y mc a an a a. B -

ianc n a c xp aiy cin p-a a.By ay 1990, anaa ac a ning pin. F im in

iy, a majiy xp cni a-a, ig-

cngy pc, incing maciny, ami pc, an

ig-a cnm g.

Say, , i acimn n a. T impanc

a-a xp pa in 1999. Sinc n, impanc

c xp, pciay pm, a bn, an i n

a acca may inc 2002, n gba cmmiy picbgan i amaicay. n 1999, c accn j

chart 1 Canadas growing resource reliance:Unprocessed or barely-processed resources as share total merchandise exports

Auto Pact Resource boom

Resourceexports

(o

ftota

l)

source CAw Rac m Saiic anaa, anadian conomic bserver

anHistorical Statistics o anada.


74/503


40% xp. Ta a inca by am a in j ig ya:

by 2007, c accn am 60% xp. n

, y n-i p-a pg aain by anaa in

iiying i in cnmy a bn nn in a

ya by c bm.

T m iib an pain ympm i cing a bn npcn an cnining cii in anaian manacing.

anaa manacing c a am 400,000 jb inc m-

pymn in c pa in 2002 (ia in a 2). Ta a

cin 15%, an jb a acca in 2008. O a

jb a iappa inc Hap gnmn cam

c in Janay 2006. Sinc y p, anaa manacing

c a an aag ab 200 jb a ay qian

cing a mim-iz manacing pan ac ay.

chart 2 otal employment in Canadian manufacturing

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Harper elected:January

Millionsofemployees

source CAw Rac m Saiic anaa CANsI ab -,anay aj ab c aa.


75/503

76 e Harper ecord

n ai m, ma a a a a mpymn, -

cin in manacing jb bgan ai: bac in 1999, ab am

im a anaa xp p bgan cang aicay. T a

manacing in a mpymn a an by 4 pcnag pin,

n-qa, inc 1999, 11.5% by 2008, by a in

p-a iy. anaa manacing mpymn a a-

n bin a p cnmi, incingGmany an Japan, ag i i i ppinay ag an in

U.S., ic a an n an ng-aing cin

in manacing.

niiay, jb in manacing acia i cn-

ining g in aca manacing p. Ra dP in anaian

manacing cnin g, abi y, g

ya mpymn nn; a iain iing p i

aing mpymn impi pciay api pciiy g. B,bginning in ay 2006, inicay j a Hap gnmn cam

chart 3 Te manufacturing recession

Harper elected:January

GDP(Billions)

source CAw Rac m Saiic anaa CANsI ab -,a ac pic, $ cnan.


76/503


p, cii in manacing inni, an a p bgan

in ( a 3). By ay 2008, a dP in manacing a

n 8% m am pi 2006.

Manacing a bn in m-- nn-p c-

in, i ining p, xcp a mpay bn in a-

y 2007, inc Hap gnmn cam p. n, by ay

2008, a ap cin in manacing p, c n ciiin anaian ami pcin, p anaa a a dP in

ngai iy. i n ca a Oaa can n ng impy ig-

n pain a- ccing in anaian manacing. T

a- in manacing i n g caing a nain-i

cin.

n gaing ppci n manacing cii i bain

m innaina a aa. n cny, anaa a

bay -cin in manac g im in iiy, an impan acimn gin c-pnn pa.

chart 4 Manufacturing trade collapse

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Manu

facturingtrade

balance

(Billions

)

source CAw ac m ny anaa Sagi aaba, NAICs c -.


77/503

78 e Harper ecord

Ta acimn a bn a, , by c bm

an acia qzing- manacing xp by i ip-

mn an aing a. Fm a baanc piin a cny a

2001, anaa manacing a a n py in ci, ic

ac $32 biin by 2007 (a 4). O a a nan

pn cing iain anaa a pmanc in

ami pc. Manac imp a ping in cn-

y, i manac xp a ining an a c-

ncy an gba cmpiin m n manacing a, p-

ciay ina.

aica c manacing iny a xpinc p-

ciay jb , ag cin in manacing a bnxpinc y bay, in am y c an in y gin

anaa. ab 1 mmaiz jb , a 2007, in m

a-i c. T anaian xi an cing iny a

bn in na-xincin by imp cmpiin an aing

ni, ing 70,000 jb. T ba a c, cniing b

amby an pa, a c 30,000 piin. T pap an

pc ini a bn amm, in pa by a,

an in pa by cin in a U.S., incing cii in

table 1 Hard-hit manufacturing sectors: Job losses since August 2002

ector Job losses to ovember 00

xi an cing ,

mi ,

F an bag ,

Ma an ,

ap ,

W pc ,

Fni ,

Ecnic an appianc ,

aic an bb ,

source CAw Rac m Saiic anaa aa, ab -.


78/503


mican ing iny. T an bag, ma, cnic,

an paic ini a a an piin.

T manacing jb a ip n piin a

a pn p in c anaa cnmy. i n my

a ipac manacing c aiy n n in

ba a an a m cmmna a cay gg.

T a ny bn n n jb ca in ba mining an

ngy c y 4.5 jb in manacing inc 2002 (ab 2). Jb g in cncin a bn aiy ng, an m-

y ing bm, ag ng a pi g

U.S. mgag cii an ba cnmic an i anyn g.

jb in cncin an c gy jb in

manacing, an a g-pcing c a n n

n jb cain a a in a a-ca.

n n jb, , a bn ca in ic c.

Ta n a ba n. F xamp, an impi 40% nic jb a bn in pbic ic, fcing ging bg

table 2 Employment restructuring in Canada: Since August 2002(Manufacturing employment peaked at 2.4 million jobs in August 2002)

ector

hange employmentugust 00June 008

Manacing -,

ncin +,

Mining/i an ga +,

Sub-total: Goods producing +3,000

bic ic (inc. cain, a) +,

Rai/a a +,

Financ, inanc, a a +,

anpain +,Hpiaiy (, ) +,

O ic +,

Sub-total: Services producing +1,02,000

otal economy +,4,000

source CAw Rac m Saiic anaa aa, ab -.


79/503

80 e Harper ecord

a ca an cain in m anaian jiicin. B b

n ic piin a in pia ic, m ic cni

-incm, -pciiy jb, in c c a ai a,

piaiy ic, an gna pna an bin ic.

e auto industry

anaa p-a cc in biing a m ii, pci,

a-a inia ba fc incmna pg ac a

ang in ig-a ini, incing apac, pciay

ic, cmmnicain qipmn, an cain yp macin-

y. B n ing c a m impan p-a inia

pmn an ami iny, ic main, pi -

cn ibain, m ciica pia in inia cnmy.

Wn anaa ami iny pa in 1999, an a

ag amb m ic in , an an-

iing acimn a cny iz. On a p capia bai,

ag ami pc in . n njy a

$15 biin a p in ami pc. anaian aciii

bn m ng inmn g 1990, aac by

igy c-cmpii cniin, incing a n na c-

ncy, c-cin pbic a ca ic a ama a mc

a $10 p in a ab c, an pi pci-

iy pmanc. inmn in capia qipmn nanc p-

ciiy g; anaa a iny bcam n a man-

acing ini in ic ab pciiy i ig in anaa

an in U.S.Sinc 1999, , i y inia cc y a bn aban-

n by canging cnmic aii an inacin by picy-ma.

By 2006, ag ami a p 1999 a m aay

in anaa ami a ci in a gnain; a ci

a ban an i xc $10 biin in 2008. Ti ag ami

a ci m ac a anaa ami a -

p i maj cm, U.S., n ng ag an

ging a ci i pc. Ti nn-U.S. a aci ac nay $18 biin a ya. T imbaanc i paicay


80/503


ac i Japan, m m anaa imp 120 im a mc a-

mi pc a xp , an Ka, m m imp

185 im a mc ami pc a xp.

T a a bac a bn n n by U.S. cnmic nn ( U.S. bing ma 85%

anaian-ma ic a ), an by c pic ic

a i cnm man a ma ic g-

mn ic a pciay mina by imp.

T cing cin anaa nc an ami c

a bn a maj c cin in a a a in-

ia capacii ing i ca. By am n, aing an -

ing a cii i n b a cna cmpnn a ba

agy n anaian manacing. By a man, a cc

a agy anaa m in ma aim a imping

cincy an ninmna pmanc ic. B i m

a in ma qi ama mainain anaian p-

cin cnn, in b amby an a pa, bay ppin-

a i a in anaa. Ta nib pincip, a nin in

anaa-U.S. ac ic a nnay n by

W a Oganizain in 2001, j a anaa manacing in-

y n in cin i b qi p anaa pa

ami cc in ig cang p by gbaizain,

ngy pic, an ninmna cncn.

hy manuacturing matters

T agmn i n ma a manacing m iniaby cina a anmain a a ic cnmy, an a

manacing jb i bing xpinc bay ac a

p cnmi. Gnmn n amp in i

i iica n, b a mbac cain n jb

in a c a a by -ma bin ciin.

i cainy a ic a bcming m impan a a

a a mpymn an dP, ag aing namn-

a an in qaiy an pciiy many ic jb a b a cna c gnmn cnmic picy. B i


81/503

82 e Harper ecord

b y ng i manacing c a y-

ay iny. Sinc n i cny, anaian manac-

ing a cin a m apiy a a a a mpymn, by

a qa, an in cmpaab oeCd cnmi. By a 1990,anaa a a aiy cc manacing jiicin; b -

ay a an npm. W pc manacing a-

a an cnm.

n iin cnx ba ca in cn-

my, picy-ma ma ng p a mc

manacing aciiy a pib. F a impan an, man-

acing ma a ippina cnibin a pc-

iiy an -bing.

Manufacturedgoodsareessentialtosuccessfulparticipation

in gba a. Manac pc accn 75 %

a mcani a. cny m b ab paicipa

ccy an cmpiiy in gba ma manac

g, pp a ngagmn i gba cnmy

an ai cnic baanc paymn ici.

Manufacturingindustriesdemonstratebothhigherproductivity

an ig a pci

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