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The health and socioeconomic needs of soon to be released prisoners:
New information from the 2012 National Prisoner Health Data CollectionJenna Pickles – Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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The National Prisoner Health Data Collection (NPHDC)
• First discussed in 2003 (SCATSIH)• Development commenced 2005: AIHW & expert group• First collection in 2009 (1 week of data collection)• Collections conducted again in 2010 & 2012 (2 weeks)
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2012 NPHDC• Captured data relating to: - 794 prison entrants - 387 prison dischargees (first time collected) - 9,000 medications - 4,000 clinic visitsAll states and territories participated except WA.• Better participation rate among entrants than
dischargees.
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Entrants – Socioeconomic factors
Completed
below Ye
ar 10 at
school
Unemploye
d in 30 day
s befo
re pris
on
Homeless
30 days p
rior t
o prison
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
34%
48%
35%
5
Mental health of prison entrants
05
10152025303540 38%
21%
31%
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Entrants’ alcohol and drug use
Illicit drug use in past 12 months
Currently smoke tobacco
High risk of alcohol related harm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
70%
84%
46%
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Prison dischargees• 84% male• 31% Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander• Median age of 31• Median length of most recent stay in prison:
152 days (or about 5 months)• 74% been in prison or youth justice before
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Dischargees – socioeconomic factors
Contact in
past 4 w
eeks
Expec
t to be h
omeless
on relea
se
Expec
t a go
vernmen
t pay
ment
0102030405060708090
10084%
43%
88%
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Alcohol consumption & smoking
High risk of alcohol-re-lated harm
Current smoker0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
68%
83%
48%
79%Indigenous Non-Indigenous
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Dischargees – illicit drug use• 13% had used drugs in prison• 7% had injected drugs in prison• 7% had used a needle that had been used by
someone else while in prison• 22% accessed an NSP in the community
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Dischargees – health assessments and prison clinic visits
• 93% of dischargees had a health assessment on entry to prison: 97% Indigenous, 91% non-Indigenous
• 93% visited the prison clinic• 88% reported they could easily see a health
professional (same Indigenous & non-Indigenous)
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Dischargees – prison clinic visits• 40% of dischargees diagnosed with a health
condition while in prison• Most common problems: dental,
musculoskeletal injuries, skin conditions and mental health issues
• 57% received treatment for health conditions they had ever been diagnosed with
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Dischargees – changes to health• More than half reported an improvement:
37% said their health was a lot better and 20% said it was a little better
• 12% said a little or a lot worse• Females more negative• 25% of >45 yr olds said a little or a lot worse,
compared with 10% of <45 yr olds
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Reported health changes in prison Indigenous status
Health a lot better (%)
Health a little better (%)
Health stayed the same (%)
Health a little or a lot worse (%)
Indigenous 54 21 16 9
Non-Indigenous 29 20 35 13
All 37 20 29 12
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Dischargees – medication• 52% prescribed medication for a health
condition in prison• 77% who received treatment or were
prescribed medication had a plan to continue care after release
• 46% had a referral to a health professional outside prison: 55% to GP, 22% for AOD
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Programs and training in prison• 35% of dischargees completed a correctional
program• Eligibility effected by sentence length,
detention status, admission of guilt, good behaviour, availability etc
• 19% completed a qualification in prison
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Work in a prison industry
Sex/Age/Indigenous status % worked in prison industry
Male 61
Female 87
18-24 years 49
25-34 years 67
35-44 years 69
45+ years 85
Indigenous 65
Non-Indigenous 67
Total 66
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Employment upon release and return to work programs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
23%
30%
13%9%
30%27%
50%
36%
Paid employment on release
Registered with return to work
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Preparedness for release• 76% had access to valid Medicare card• 46% of dischargees felt ‘very prepared’ for
their release and a further 40% felt ‘prepared’• 6% said ‘unprepared or ‘very unprepared’
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Further informationDownload report from:www.aihw.gov.au
Contact:[email protected] [email protected]
