The HeartThe Heart

By: Erin SawyersBy: Erin Sawyers

AnatomyAnatomy

Blood FlowBlood Flow

Sinus RhythmSinus Rhythm

Normal rhythm of a healthy heartNormal rhythm of a healthy heart Set by Sinoatrial (SA) Node- natural Set by Sinoatrial (SA) Node- natural

pacemakerpacemaker Normal cardiac impulses start there Normal cardiac impulses start there

and are transmitted to the atria and and are transmitted to the atria and down to the ventricles down to the ventricles

Normal adult: 60-80 beats/min.Normal adult: 60-80 beats/min.

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease

ArrhythmiaArrhythmia Heart AttackHeart Attack StrokeStroke Aortic StenosisAortic Stenosis Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease HypertensionHypertension Rheumatic Fever/Heart DiseaseRheumatic Fever/Heart Disease Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure

ArrhythmiasArrhythmias

BRADYCARDIA:BRADYCARDIA: Heart rate lower than normalHeart rate lower than normal Less than 60 beats/min.Less than 60 beats/min. Caused by aging, some medications, Caused by aging, some medications,

or diseases that cause damage to or diseases that cause damage to hearts electrical systemhearts electrical system

Bradycardia: SymptomsBradycardia: Symptoms

Asymptomatic or: Asymptomatic or: DizzyDizzy Drop in blood pressureDrop in blood pressure LightheadedLightheaded TiredTired Chest PainChest Pain Shortness of breathShortness of breath

Bradycardia: TreatmentBradycardia: Treatment

Treatment depends on causeTreatment depends on cause If no symptoms present, then no If no symptoms present, then no

treatment is giventreatment is given Pacemaker may be used for treatmentPacemaker may be used for treatment If for some reason severe bradycardia If for some reason severe bradycardia

is not treated, it can lead to other is not treated, it can lead to other serious problems, including fainting serious problems, including fainting and injuries from fainting, seizures, and injuries from fainting, seizures, and death.and death.

TachycardiaTachycardia

Heart rate higher than normalHeart rate higher than normal 100-180 beats/min as occurs during 100-180 beats/min as occurs during

exercise or other conditions that exercise or other conditions that lead to increased SA nodal firing lead to increased SA nodal firing rate rate

Caused by heart disease, an Caused by heart disease, an overactive thyroid gland, fever, or by overactive thyroid gland, fever, or by drinking alcohol or caffeinated drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages beverages

Tachycardia: SymptomsTachycardia: Symptoms

BreathlessnessBreathlessness Upset stomachUpset stomach Chest painChest pain WeaknessWeakness Fainting spellsFainting spells

Tachycardia: TreatmentTachycardia: Treatment

SELF HELP:SELF HELP: Splash face with cold waterSplash face with cold water Take a slow drink of waterTake a slow drink of water Holding your breathHolding your breath ADVANCED TREATMENT ADVANCED TREATMENT

(PHYSICAIN):(PHYSICAIN): Medication Medication Apply pressure to arteriesApply pressure to arteries

PVC’sPVC’s

Premature Ventricular ContractionPremature Ventricular Contraction The ventricles fire an early impulse The ventricles fire an early impulse

which causes the heart to beat which causes the heart to beat earlier causing irregularity in the earlier causing irregularity in the heart rhythm. heart rhythm.

Commonly caused by excessive Commonly caused by excessive caffeine intake, high blood pressure, caffeine intake, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and some medications heart attacks, and some medications

PVC’sPVC’s

Usually harmless except with pre-Usually harmless except with pre-existing diseaseexisting disease

Common in teens in young adultsCommon in teens in young adults Early or extra heartbeatsEarly or extra heartbeats Feeling that the heart “Skips a beat”Feeling that the heart “Skips a beat”

PVC’s: SymptomsPVC’s: Symptoms

Can be asymptomaticCan be asymptomatic Palpitations in chest and neckPalpitations in chest and neck WeaknessWeakness DizzinessDizziness Syncope (Fainting)Syncope (Fainting) Feeling that the heart briefly Feeling that the heart briefly

stoppedstopped

PVC’s: TreatmentPVC’s: Treatment

If asymptomatic no treatment is If asymptomatic no treatment is necessarynecessary

If they are frequent or symptomatic If they are frequent or symptomatic medication may be recommendedmedication may be recommended

Heart MurmurHeart Murmur

Lubb dubb dubbLubb dubb dubb Swishing or whistling soundSwishing or whistling sound Caused by defective heart valvesCaused by defective heart valves Can be caused by heart attack, Can be caused by heart attack,

hypertension, fever, or anemiahypertension, fever, or anemia Some can be harmlessSome can be harmless

Heart AttackHeart Attack

Myocardial InfarctionMyocardial Infarction

Occurs when the blood flow to part Occurs when the blood flow to part of the heart is blocked.of the heart is blocked.

If blood flow is completely cut off, If blood flow is completely cut off, part of the heart muscle begins to part of the heart muscle begins to die.die.

Heart AttackHeart Attack

Sudden and IntenseSudden and Intense

Warning Signs:Warning Signs: Chest discomfortChest discomfort Shortness of breathShortness of breath NauseaNausea LightheadednessLightheadedness

StrokeStroke

Caused by the clogging of the blood Caused by the clogging of the blood vessel that supplies oxygen to the vessel that supplies oxygen to the brain.brain.

Can also be caused by the rupture of Can also be caused by the rupture of the vesselthe vessel

Effects are sudden and immediateEffects are sudden and immediate

StrokeStroke

Warning Signs:Warning Signs: NumbnessNumbness ConfusionConfusion Trouble seeingTrouble seeing Trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of Trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of

balancebalance Sudden severe headacheSudden severe headache

Aortic StenosisAortic Stenosis Caused by normal “wear and tear”Caused by normal “wear and tear”

Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, chest pain, blackout spells, lightheadedchest pain, blackout spells, lightheaded

Diagnosed by EchocardiogramsDiagnosed by Echocardiograms

Question is not whether to do surgery, Question is not whether to do surgery, but whenbut when

Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease

America’s number 1 killerAmerica’s number 1 killer arteries that supply blood to the heart arteries that supply blood to the heart

become hardened and narrowed due to become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildupplaque buildup

blood flow to the heart muscle is blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced causing the muscle to not reduced causing the muscle to not receive the amount of oxygen neededreceive the amount of oxygen needed

Can contribute to heart failure and Can contribute to heart failure and arrhythmiasarrhythmias

HypertensionHypertension

High blood pressureHigh blood pressure The danger is that you usually can’t The danger is that you usually can’t

tell if you have high blood pressuretell if you have high blood pressure No signs and no one knows what No signs and no one knows what

causes itcauses it Can lead to hardened arteries, heart Can lead to hardened arteries, heart

failure, stroke, or heart attacksfailure, stroke, or heart attacks

Rheumatic Fever/ Heart Rheumatic Fever/ Heart DiseaseDisease

Serious inflammatory conditionSerious inflammatory condition Symptoms generally appear within five Symptoms generally appear within five

weeks after untreated strep throatweeks after untreated strep throat Interferes with normal blood flow to Interferes with normal blood flow to

heartheart Symptoms include: weakness, Symptoms include: weakness,

shortness of breath, chest pain.shortness of breath, chest pain. No cureNo cure Now has become relatively uncommonNow has become relatively uncommon

Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure

Heart can’t pump enough bloodHeart can’t pump enough blood Signs: Fatigue, shortness of breath, Signs: Fatigue, shortness of breath,

irregular heart beat, coughing or irregular heart beat, coughing or wheezing , and fluid retentionwheezing , and fluid retention

Develops after other cardiac Develops after other cardiac conditions have damaged or conditions have damaged or weakened your heart. weakened your heart.

Women vs. CVDWomen vs. CVD

Claims more women’s lives than the Claims more women’s lives than the next five causes of death next five causes of death combined!!combined!!

About 500,000 women’s lives a yearAbout 500,000 women’s lives a year Risk increases with age. Over 45 Risk increases with age. Over 45

million women were 50 and older.million women were 50 and older. Lives CVD claimed: 483,842 Lives CVD claimed: 483,842

Cancer: 267,902Cancer: 267,902 Still, some believe that CVD is not a Still, some believe that CVD is not a

real problem for women.real problem for women.