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The Hera Mission Dr. Patrick Michel Hera Investigation Team PI Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS, Lagrange Laboratory Nice, France
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use
The Hera Mission
Dr. Patrick MichelHera Investigation Team PI
Université Côte d’AzurObservatoire de la Côte d’AzurCNRS, Lagrange Laboratory
Nice, France
Hera main aspects
Role of space missions at ESA in NEO hazard mitigation
2001• Understanding the problem (deflection modeling and simulations)• Ground versus space solutions analyses
2002-2004
• Assessment of space component options• 6 parallel phase-0 studies (3 space telescopes, 3 rendezvous)• ESA’s NEO Mission Advisory Panel (NEOMAP) established
2004-2006
• Kinetic impactor validation ranked highest importance• Don Quijote mission selected and studied up to phase-A level
2008-2009
• SANCHO / Proba-IP orbiter up to phase A level studies, small deep-space mission to investigate impactor’s result
2011-2016
• AIDA proposed by NASA: USA/impactor + ESA/impact assessment• ESA phase 0 and phase A studies on the observer spacecraft "AIM” (GSP)• Phase B1 study and “consolidation phase” for mission definition (GSTP)
2017-2019
• HERA: impact observer spacecraft reformulation and optimization • Phase B1 implementation + payload + technology breadboards (GSTP+SSA) • DART phase-C kick-off on 15 May 2018
Simone
Euneos Earthguard 1Nero
Don Quijote Ishtar
Proba-IP
Hera
AIMSeveral concepts iterated
AIDA: An International Planetary Defense Mission
U.S. National Research Council Committee“Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies”
Recommendation: “If [U.S.] Congress chooses to fund mitigation research at an appropriately high level, the first priority for a space mission in the mitigation area is an experimental test of a kinetic impactor along with a characterization, monitoring, and verification system, such as the Don Quixote mission that was previously considered, but not funded, by the European Space Agency. This mission would produce the most significant advances in understanding and provide an ideal chance for international collaboration in a realistic mitigation scenario”.
AIDA international collaboration with NASA
“kinetic impactor” validation = impactor (NASA/DART) + observer spacecraft (ESA/Hera)retrieve physical and dynamical parameters of Didymos to validate numerical impact codes
Didymos vs Ryugu
~160m~800mHera mission firsts
First RD mission to binary asteroid Smallest asteroid ever studies First full scale cratering physics
experiment First radar tomography of an
asteroid
~160m
DART status
Phase-C since August 2018 CDR is scheduled in June 2019 NASA confirmed decision on in-orbit
demo of NEXT-C electric propulsion Single payload: panchromatic visible
NAC LICIA cubesat from ASI (rebuilt of
ArgoMoon 6U) to image Didymos ejecta plume
Launch in 2021, impact in 2022
~30km
Hera mission scenario
nominal
EoL IOD
Launch Nov 2023, Nov 2024
HERA asteroid deflection objectives
1. Measure the momentum transfer (incl. ejecta enhancement β) from a kinetic impactor on the binary asteroid Asteroid (Didymoon) mass by measuring wobble and through radioscience
Asteroid dynamical properties via navcam
β
β
CoM wobble
2. Impact models validation and extrapolation to other asteroids Crater size/morphology, density, change in the surface material
HERA asteroid deflection objectives
Pre-shattered Micro-porous
non porous porous
Hera mission and payload status Phase B1 on schedule: SRR ongoing closure on 17 July (ESTEC) Phase B2 under procurement, transition to new Space Safety Program (S2P)
Navigation cameras flight hardware starting refurbishment, software update for calibration ongoing (Max Plank Institute, DE)
PALT micro-lidar EM test readiness review, PDR successful (EFACEC, PT+RO) Thermal Imager: EM ongoing (VITO, BE), alternative units under assessment with
JAXA, SODERN and COSINE. CubeSats in phase AB1, JUVENTAS (LU, RO, CZ), APEX (SE, FI, CZ) Low-velocity CubeSat deployer EQM procurement ongoing (ISISspace, NL) CNES CubeSats MOC analysis kicked-off (FR), involvement of REDU under study (BE) IP-ICU (image processing & instrument commanding unit) EM ongoing (GMV, RO)
APEX cubesat
Baseline Payload Asteroid Spectral Imager (ASPECT) Magnetometer (MAG) Secondary Ion Mass Analyser (SIMA) Optical Navigation Camera (NavCam) Laser Ranging Sensor (Lidar) Three-axis IMU (acceleration & rotation)
Juventas 6U Cubesat for the Hera Mission
Three primary objectives and one secondary objective: SO#1: Characterise the gravity field SO#2: Characterise the internal structure SO#3: Determine the surface properties (Secondary) SO#4: Determine the dynamical properties
Payloads are centered around geophysical investigations: Low frequency Radar 3-axis Gravimeter ISL radio link Visible camera for context Accelerometers and gyros
contributing to asteroid research and mitigation assessment objectives of the Hera mission, and providing scientific contribution towards the understanding of the formation processes of binary asteroids, their interior structure, surface properties, and dynamical properties
HERA technology experiments1. Validate spacecraft far-range navigation and close-range
feature-tracking navigation increasing on-board autonomy Synergies with technologies under development for in-orbit
servicing, including novel FDIR based on sensor data fusion.
2. Demonstrate deep-space (6U) CubeSats relayed via an inter-satellite link with ranging capability (supporting planetary defence objectives): Very high-resolution close up asteroid imaging incl. crater and
subsurface material
Provide complementary measurements to main spacecraft(e.g. spacecraft-CubeSat radioscience, radar tomography, volatiles…)
Consortium phase B1
X-bad DSTR, HGA and TT&C equipment
DE, SE
ES, RO, PL, PT
(in kind contribution)
Bonus: scientific questions addressed by HERA How do binary asteroids (15% of the population) form? BYORP? Collision?
How does the asteroid impact differ with ad-hoc prescriptions used in planetary formation and collisional evolution models of small body populations?
How do the results obtained by an actual experiment at large size affect the scaling laws used to estimate the age of planets and moons surfaces based on crater counting?
Does the impact experiment validate models describing the history and properties of debris disks and planetary systems around other stars?
What is the link between impact properties (mass and velocity), target’s surface properties and resulting crater size? What are the physical properties of a very low-gravity celestial rock (the smallest rock in space ever seen)?
Based on the surface morphology and density measurement, what is the role of cohesion in such a low-gravity environment? Does the theory based on Van der Waals forces holds true?
1 SEP
S2P preparation
Phase B1
Hera mission preparation: transition from GSTP to S2P
Phase B2 Phase CDEJUN-JUL ‘19
SRR
B2 proposal
PDR + CDE proposal
PDRPB-SSAS2P workplanapproval
STEP 1 STEP 2
IPCprocurement
approval
4 MAR 1 APR11 FEB
Industryproposal
, TEB, NEGO
NOV-DEC
KORFQ release
Phase B2 - STEP 1
Consolidation of the spacecraft design with integration of payloads under responsibility of OHB. HIL Tests with payloads EM, GNC software on OBC.
Phase B2 - STEP 2
Subsystems equipment specifications reflecting MS subscriptions, final selection of subcontractors, critical equipment EQMs, PDR preparation, transition into S2P
Phase B2 completion+Phase CDE
Activity starts with PDR (Nov-Dec 2020) and continues in phase CD for light HW procurement, integration, testing, launch, ground segment, operations, contingencies
PI: Patrick Michel
g
DynamicsChairs: Menios Tsiganis
Adriano Campo BagatinSébastien Charnoz
Impacts simulationChairs: Kai Wunnemann
Martin Jutzi
ESA project scientist:Michael Küppers
Ground-based observations
Chairs: Petr PravecJulia de Leon Benoît CarryColin Snodgrass
Close-proximity operations
Chairs: Ozgur KaratekinNaomi Murdoch Stephan UlamecCarsten Güttler
Data Analysis Exploitation
InterpretationChairs: Alain Hérique
Jean-Baptiste Vincent Paolo TortoraHolger Sierks
Mission AdvisorsChairs:Simon Green
Alan Fitzsimmons
AIDA intl. community coordination
Impact simulation
Dynamics
Close-proximity operations
Data Analysis Exploitation
Interpretation
Hera
Science proximity observations
Ejecta dynamics and evolution
Dynamical and physical properties
Remote sensing observations
Modeling and simulation of
impacts
DART
AIDACoordination committee
AIDA intl. workshops& Conferences
Ground-based observations
Main Programmatic Categories for CM19Applications Science and Exploration
Enabling and Support (transp., tech, & ops)
Safety and Security
Space Weather Planetary Defence
Debris and Clean Space -
Prevention
Cornerstones of Space Safety
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use
Space Weather (L5)
Asteroid deflection
(Hera)
Debris removalSpacecraft Collision
Avoidance Sys.
Cornerstone Missions
Decision at CM19 on November 27-28 2019
All signs of international support are extremely important
A letter from SBAG to ESA DG stating the importance and supporting the approval of Hera by ESA member states at CM19 would be more than welcome
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use
Ian CarnelliGeneral Studies Programme managerAdvanced Concepts & Studies Office (TEC-SF)[email protected]
Paolo MartinoSystems engineerProject Office (TEC-SP)[email protected]
Michael KueppersProject [email protected]
Patrick MichelHera Investigation Team [email protected]
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Hera main aspectsSlide Number 4Role of space missions at ESA in NEO hazard mitigationAIDA: An International Planetary Defense MissionAIDA international collaboration with NASADidymos vs RyuguDART statusHera mission scenarioHERA asteroid deflection objectivesHERA asteroid deflection objectivesHera mission and payload statusAPEX cubesatJuventas 6U Cubesat for the Hera MissionHERA technology experimentsConsortium phase B1Bonus: scientific questions addressed by HERAHera mission preparation: transition from GSTP to S2PHera Investigation TeamAIDA intl. community coordinationMain Programmatic Categories for CM19Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Decision at CM19 on November 27-28 2019Slide Number 26
