85
The Herald-Sun, 24 July
The Age, 24 July
The Australian, 24 July
The Australian, 24 July
The Herald-Sun, 24 July
The Canberra Times, 24 July
The Courier Mail, 24 July
The Australian Financial Review, 24 July
Features of Australian Social Trends 23 articles in 2008 Almost 400 social indicators Cumulative topic index Draws on statistics from other official sources in
addition to ABS data
Population
Population distribution…by Remoteness Areas
…change 1996-2006
How many children have
women in Australia had?…over the last 20 years
…Indigenous women
Australians are amongthe most long-lived in the world
Japan
Switzerland
Australia
Sweden
Canada
New Zealand
OECD
UK
USA
65 70 75 80 85 90
Age (years)
MalesFemales
Source: OECD Social Indicators, 2006 edition
Remoteness Areas and populationdistribution at 30 June 2006
Source: ABS preliminary Estimated Resident Population
Population change in States and Territories1996–2006(a)
ACTNSW
VicQld
SAWA
TasNT
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
%
(a) Average annual growth rate
Source: ABS Estimated Resident Population
Population change 1996–2006(a)
Major CitiesInner Regional
Outer RegionalRemote
Very Remote-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
%
(a) Average annual growth rate
Source: ABS preliminary Estimated Resident Population
How many children have women in Australia had?
Source: 1986, 1996 and 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing
1986 1996 20061.0
1.5
2.0
2.5Women 40-44 years
Avg
no.
Completed fertility
Source: 1986, 1996 and 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing
1986 1996 20060
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Women 40-44 years
Four +ThreeTwoOneNone
%
Children ever bornto Indigenous women 2006
14,300 Indigenous women aged 40–44 years in 2006...
Average number of children ever born among these women was 2.8
Higher than among non-Indigenous women, at 2.0
Children ever born bymother's age 2006
15-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-440
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Indigenous women
NoneOneTwoThree+
%
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-3435-3940-440
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Non-Indigenous women
NoneOneTwoThree+
%
Source: 2006 Census of Population and Housing
Family and Community
Families with a young child with a disability
…how many?
… socioeconomic status and labour force status
Voluntary work
…increase in voluntary work
…who is volunteering regularly?
Families with a childwith a disability 2003
0
5
10
15
20
couple one-parent
% Mild/Moderate Profound/Severe
0
5
10
15
20
Children Families
% Mild/moderateProfound/severe
Source: ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers
320,000 children
285,000 families
Families with a childwith a disability 2003
Labour force participation of parents
010203040506070
Both employed One employed Neitheremployed
Labour force status of parents
%
At least one childhad a disability
No children had adisability
Source: ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers
010203040506070
Employed Not employed
Labour force status of parent
%
At least one child had adisability
No children had adisability
Couple families One-parent familiesCouple families One-parent families
Families with a childwith a disability 2003
Income
Source: ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Lowest Second Third Fourth HighestEquivalised gross family income quintile
%
At least onechild had adisability
No children hada disability
Families with a childwith a disability 2003
Effect of caring role on primary carer
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Nee
d m
ore
supp
ort/i
mpr
ovem
ent
in s
ituat
ion W
eary
Freq
uent
lyw
orrie
d/de
pres
sed
Ofte
n fe
els
angr
y/fru
stra
ted
Dia
gnos
ed w
ithst
ress
-rela
ted
illne
ss
Stra
in o
nre
latio
nshi
p/la
cked
alon
e tim
e w
ithpa
rtner
Losi
ng to
uch/
lack
ing
time
with
co-
resi
dent
fam
ily m
embe
rs
Lost
touc
h w
ithfri
ends
%
Source: ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers
Volunteering rates
1995 2000 20060
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
MalesFemales
Year
%
Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey
Regular volunteering by age and sex 2006
18-2425-34
35-4445-54
55-6465-74
75+0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
MalesFemales
Age group (years)
%
Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey
Regular volunteers by type oforganisation 2006
Sport & physical recreation
Education & training
Community/welfare
Religious
Parenting, children & youth
Emergency services
Arts/heritage
Health
Environment/animal welfare
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
FemalesMales
%
Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey
Health
Risk taking by young people…alcohol, drugs & dangerous driving
People with a need for assistance…who are they?
Complementary therapies…have become more common
Australians' health - major risk factors
0
25
50
75
1995 2001 2004–05
Males Females
0
25
50
75
1995 2001 2004–05
Males Females
0
25
50
75
1995 2001 2004–05
Males Females
Overweight/obese (BMI 25+) Little or no exercise
0
25
50
75
1995 2001 2004–05
Males Females
Long term risky/high risk drinking
Current smokers
Source: ABS, National Health Survey
18-24 25+02468
101214161820
MalesFemales
Age group (years)
%
Source: ABS 2004–05 National Health Survey
Risk taking by young peopleShort term risky/high risk drinkingat least once a week 2004–05
Short term risky/high risk drinkingat least once a week 2004–05
NSW
Vic
Qld
SA
WA
Tas
NT(a)
ACT
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
25+18-24
%(a) Data are not available for the Northern Territory
Source: ABS 2004–05 National Health Survey
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
No.
per
100
,000
peo
ple
Dangerous driving related offences 2006–07
Source: ABS Criminal Courts Collection
– Exceeding the legal alcohol limit
– Driving under the influence
– Dangerous or negligent driving
– Speeding
Alcohol and drug-relatedhospitalisations 2005–06
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Age group (years)
No.
per
100
,000
pop
ulat
ion
Source: AIHW Hospital Morbidity Database
– Males, drug use
– Females, drug use
– Males, acute alcohol intoxication
– Females, acute alcohol intoxication
Transport accident hospitalisationspeople aged 15–24 years
2005-06
Source: AIHW Hospital Morbidity Database
Males Females0
200
400
600
800
OtherMotorcyclistCar driverCar passenger
Rat
e (p
er 1
00,0
00)
Transport accident deaths(15-24 years)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
MalesFemalesPersons
Year of registration
Dea
ths
per 1
00,0
00
Source: ABS Causes of Death collection
Age-specific death rates(a)2002-2006
Source: Deaths, Australia 2006
(a) Data for Qld, SA, WA and NT combined
1-45-14
15-2425-34
35-4445-54
55-6465+
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Indigenous Non-Indigenous
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
popu
latio
n
1-45-14
15-2425-34
35-4445-54
55-6465+
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Indigenous Non-Indigenous
Dea
ths
per
100,
000
popu
latio
n
Males Females
Indigenous : non-Indigenousdeath rate ratios(a) 2002-2006
Source: Deaths, Australia 2006
(a) Data for Qld, SA, WA and NT combined
1-45-14
15-2425-34
35-4445-54
55-6465+
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Males
Females
People with a need for assistance…age and sex, 2006
0
20
40
60
0–4
5–9
10–1
4
15–1
9
20–2
4
25–2
9
30–3
4
35–3
9
40–4
4
45–4
9
50–5
4
55–5
9
60–6
4
65–6
9
70–7
4
75–7
9
80–8
485
+
Age group (years)
%
Males
Females
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
Living arrangements for children and young people: with and without a need for assistance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Child living in couple family Child living in one-parent family
%
Has need forassistanceDoes not have need forassistance
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Child living in couple family Child living in one-parentfamily
Living in a grouphousehold
%
Has need forassistanceDoes not have need forassistance
Aged 0-14 yearsAged 15-24 yearsAged 0-14 years
Living arrangements for people aged over 65 years: with and without a need for assistance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Living withpartner
Living withadult child
Resident innon-private
dwelling
Lone personhousehold
%
Has need forassistance
Does not have needfor assistance
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
People with a need for assistance…participation in education
The majority (97%) of children aged 5–17 years with a need for assistance attended an educational institution in 2006
For young adults aged 18–24 years with a need for assistance, 31% attended an educational institution
These young adults were most likely to attend a technical college (12%) and least likely to be attending university (5%)
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
Labour force characteristics,persons aged 15-64 years
with and without a need for assistance - 2006
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Working more than40 hours
Working less than 40hours
Unemployment rate
In the labour force
%
Does not have need forassistanceHas need for assistance
Distribution of persons aged less than 65 years by equivalised household income quintile:
with and without a need for assistance
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Low est Second Third Fourth Highest
Equivalised household income quintile
%
Has need for assistance w ithcore activities
Does not have need forassistance w ith core activities
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
Complementary therapies
Number of complementary therapists is small but growing quickly, from 4,787 in 1996 to 8,595 in 2006.
Fastest growing occupation group is osteopaths
Leading occupation groups are naturopaths and chiropractors
Source: 1996 & 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing
Complementary therapists
Source: 1996 & 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing
Chiropractor Naturopath Acupuncturist Osteopath0
1,000
2,000
3,000
19962006
No.
Characteristics of therapists 2006
ChiropractorOsteopath
AcupuncturistHomeopath
Naturopath
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FemaleEmployed part-time%
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
Visits to therapists (last two weeks)
Source: ABS 1995 and 2004–05 National Health Surveys
ChiropractorNaturopath
AcupuncturistOsteopath
Herbalist0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
19952004-05
'000
Users of complementary therapists 2004–05
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Age group (years)
%
Source: ABS 2004–05 National Health Survey
Education Non-school qualifications
…over time
Adult literacy…prose literacy
Proportion of Australianswith a non-school qualification (ages 25-64)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Year
%
Source: ABS 1990-2006 Survey of Education and Work
– Total with anon-school qualification
– Advanced diploma and diploma or below
– Bachelor degree or above
Adult literacy 2006
%
Source: 2006 ALLS
Prose Document Numerical Problem solving 20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60Adequate literacy level, 15-74 years
Adults with adequate orbetter prose literacy 2006
%
15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–7420
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
19962006
Age group
%
Source: 2006 ALLS
Adult prose literacy by sex, 2006
%
15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–740
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
MaleFemale
Age group
Source: 2006 ALLS
Populations with low/highprose literacy 2006
%
Source: 2006 ALLS
Less than Year 12English as 2nd language
ProfessionalsWith post graduate degree
All persons
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Adequate prose literacy:international comparison 2006
Norway
Bermuda
Canada
Australia
Switzerland
United States
Italy
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
%
Source: Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, Summary Results
Work Labour force participation across Australia
…over time…sex and age
Trade union members…sex and age…industry type
19881989
19901991
19921993
19941995
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
200840
50
60
70
80
Males aged 15 years and overFemales aged 15 years and over
as at June
%
Labour force participation rate by sex
Source: ABS Labour Force Survey
15–19 20–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–59 60–6420
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MalesFemales
Age group
%
Labour force participation rate byage and sex 2008
As at June.Source: ABS Labour Force Survey
Males Females0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
198819982008
%
Labour force participation of people aged 55–64 years
As at June.Source: ABS Labour Force Survey
Trade union membership
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50MalesFemales
Year
%
Unionisation rates by sex
Source: Trade Union Members, Australia, August 1986, Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership, Australia, August 2007
Unionisation rates by age
15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55 and over0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19862007
Age group
%
Source: 1986 Survey of Trade Union Members and 2007 Survey of Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership
Trade union membership
Electricity, gas and water supply
Communication services
Education
Manufacturing
Mining
Health and community services
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
20071997
%
Unionisation rates by selected industry1997 to 2007
Source: 1997 Survey of Weekly Earnings of Employees and 2007 Survey of Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership
The number of industrial disputes has also declined
...from 1,519 in 1987 to
135 in 2007
19871988
19891990
19911992
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
20032004
20052006
2007
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Year
Source: Industrial Disputes, Australia,Dec 2007
Economic Resources
Women's incomes…change over time
Household income:states and territories 2005–06
ACT
NSW
Vic
Qld
SA
WA
Tas
NT
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
$
Source: ABS 2005–06 Survey of Income and Housing
Mean weekly equivalised household income for all households
Proportion of men and women aged 18–64 years in gross personal income quintiles 1982
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
WomenMen
Income quintile
%
Source: Surveys of Income and Housing
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
WomenMen
Income quintile
%
Source: Surveys of Income and Housing
Proportion of men and women aged 18–64 years in gross personal income quintiles 1995–96
Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
WomenMen
Income quintile
%
Source: Surveys of Income and Housing
Proportion of men and women aged 18–64 years in gross personal income quintiles 2005–06
Women 1982 Women 1995 Women 2005 Men 1982 Men 1995 Men 20050
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Not employedEmployed part-timeEmployed full-time
at December
%
Source: ABS Labour Force Australia
Changes in labour force status of men and women aged 18–64 years
Housing
Renter households…renting versushome ownership
Housing and servicesin remote Indigenous communities…need for repairs…overcrowding
Proportion of households renting1995-96 to 2005-06
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-08 2005-060
5
10
15
20
25
30
Total renters(a)Private rentersState/territory housing authority
Year
%
(a) Includes households renting from other landlords
Source: ABS Surveys of Income and Housing
Proportion of households renting1995–96 and 2005–06
1995–96 2005–06 1995-96 2005-06 1995-96 2005-060
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Private landlordState/territory housing authorityOther landlord%
Source: ABS Surveys of Income and Housing
New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland
NSWVic
Qld
Mean weekly housing costs anddisposable household income after housing costs
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 PRIVATE RENTER
Weekly housing costsWeekly disposable income after housing costs
Financial year ended
$
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 OWNER WITH A MORTGAGEWeekly housing costsWeekly disposable income after housing costs
Financial year ended
$
Source: ABS Surveys of Income and Housing
Housing in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities
In 2006, 57% of Australia's remote Indigenous communities were
located in the Northern Territory
Need for major repairs or replacement 2006Permanent dwellings, remote Indigenous communities
Major repairs Replacement0
5
10
15
20
25
%
Remote Indigenous communities include Remote and Very Remote IHOsSource: Community Housing and Infrastructure Needs Survey
In 2006, more people in remote Indigenous communities had a town supply as their main
source of water....
....up from 12% in 2001 to 28% in 2006
There have been improvements in the availability and quality of infrastructure services
in remote communities
Remote Indigenous communities include Remote and Very Remote IHOsSource: Community Housing and Infrastructure Needs Survey
Overcrowding in Indigenous households in remote Australia
2001 20060
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
One or more extra bedrooms neededNone needed/none spareOne bedroom spareTwo or more bedrooms spare
%
Source: Censuses of Population and Housing
Other Areas of Social Concern
Internet access at home…increase in Internet connections
Public transport use…over time
… in Australian cities
Proportion of households with dial-up or Broadband Internet connection
2004-05 2005-06 2006-070
10
20
30
40
50
Broadband connectionDial-up connection
Year
%
Source: Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2006-07
Type of Internet access:State and Territory 2006
ACT NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas NT0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80BroadbandOther Internet connection
%
Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing
Internet use by education and income 2006
Source: 2006 Census of Population and Housing
%
Household income quintile
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q50
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
No non-school qualCertificateDiploma/Advanced diploma Bachelor degree or higher
Proportion of passenger-kms travelled bymotorised vehicle type: capital cities – 1945 to 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Public transportOther motor vehicles
Year
%
Source: Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics (BTRE), 2007, Estimating urban traffic and congestion cost trends for Australian cities
Public transport use for usual trip to work in capital cities(a)
Canberra Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart0
5
10
15
20
25
30
19962006
%
(a) Excludes Darwin.Source: ABS 1996 Environment Survey and ABS 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use
Can. Syd. Melb. Bris. Adel. Perth Hobart0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Public transportPrivate motor vehicleBicycleWalk
%
Usual transport to work in capital cities(a)
(a) Excludes DarwinSource: 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use
People using public transport as main formof transport for usual trip to work or study(a) in capital cities(b)
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40MALES
19962006
Age Group (Years)
%
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40FEMALES
Age Group (Years)
%
(a) As a proportion of the total number of persons in each age group(b) Excludes Darwin
Source: ABS 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use and ABS 1996 Environment Survey
Reasons for using public transport
Source: ABS 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use
Convenience/comfort/less stress
Price/cost
Parking concerns
Do not own motor vehicle
Public transport near home
0 20 40 60
%%
Reasons for not using public transport
Source: ABS 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use
No service at a convenient time
Convenience/comfort/privacy of car
Takes too long
No service available at all
Own vehicle needed
0 20 40 60%
Coming soon... AST 2009 Frequency of release
Upcoming articles:Internal migrationCarersMental healthRisk factorsHealth literacyRetirement & retirement intentionsSuperannuationHomelessnessRenewable energy
What have we missed?
Australian Social Trendson the ABS website
2008 seminar series slideshows for each state and territory
Editions of AST from 1994 Social indicators: national, state & territory time
series data cubes Hyperlinked cumulative topic index
Further information www.abs.gov.au Australian Social Trends ABS catalogue number 4102.0
Dr Paul Jelfs [email protected] Phone: (02) 6252 6690
Linda Fardell [email protected] Phone: (02) 6252 7187
