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IODOFORM IN HEART DISEASE.

M. Testa has employed iodoform in cases of organic lesionof the valves. The administration of small doses of iodo-form (seven centigrammes-about a grain-in four pilules,one to be taken every two hours) rapidly dissipated thefunctional derangements dependent on the valvular disease.The experimental results obtained in dogs completelyconcur with those furnished by clinical experimentation indemonstrating that in dogs iodoform retards the cardiaccontractions, and this delay increases the total duration ofeach cardiac cycle, and also the efficiency of the systole.

PHENOL MERCURY.

The chemical formula of this mercurial compound isCells OHg. OH. It is given in the form of pills, eachcontaining two centigrammes of the preparation. Two

pills may be given the first few days, and the numbergradually increased to six. Salivation and stomatitis aresaid to be but very occasionally produced.

LOBELINE AND INFLATINE.

These are two alkaloids obtained from the seed of lobeliainflata. The former has powerful emetic properties, and theemesis is not followed by disagreeable symptoms. The

powdered alkaloid is very irritant to the nasal passages,perhaps more so than veratrine. The inflatine has not anytherapeutic effects, so it is stated.

NASAL POLYPI.

It is recommended by Dr. Bell of Canada to treat nasalpolypi by daily injection of tannin, from five to ten drops ofa concentrated solution being injected by means of a hypo-dermic syringe. After a few days of this treatment thepolypus sloughs and comes away without bleeding.

THE HIGH ALTITUDE TREATMENT OF PHTHISIS.

(FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.)

No. III.

Davos-Dorfli Frauenkirch ; Wiesen ; St. Moritz,. TheMaloja.- -Concluding Remarks.

HAviNQ dealt fully with the general principles of thehigh altitude treatment of phthisis with special referenceto Davos, I shall conclude by a brief consideration of theother Alpine sanatoria. Fraueakirch and Davos-Dorni neednot detain us, being both in the Davos valley and sharingin the general climatic conditions of Davos-Platz. Owingto the rapid increase of patients at the latter village, theyare likely to grow in popularity as the opinion gains groundthat the aggregation of large numbers of consumptives is aperil to be shunned. Davos-Dorfli has more sunshine, butless shelter than Davos-Platz. The climatology of Frauen-kirch is practically identical with that of the parentsanatorium. ’

Wiesen demands a more extended notice, as it possessesmany attractions as a health-resort, and probably has afuture before it. Situated on the side of a declivity whichslopes abruptly down to the wild gorge of the Landwasser,surrounded by pine woods, and encircled by a range ofmagnificent snowy peaks, Wiesen possesses all that Alpinecharm of scenery which Davos so conspicuously lacks, andis hardly inferior to the latter in all the essential requisitesof an admirable sanatorium. It possesses rather more sun-shine, an almost equal immunity from wind, and a site

superior to that of Davos for the purposes of drainage.From its situation on the brow of a hill overlooking a deepAlpine valley, it might be conjectured that Wiesen would bemuch exposed to winds, but the gorge of the Landwasser isso deep and its bed so far below the level of the village thatthe valley wind sweeps past without rising so high as thesite of the hotels for invalids. The chief point of differencebetween Davos and Wiesen arises from the fact that thelatter lies at a considerably lower elevation, and hencehas a shorter winter and a higher mean temperature,amounting to about 2C (Tucker Wise). The climate isthus milder and less bracing than that of Davos, andhence likely to prove advantageous in those cases where thelatter proves too stimulating. There can be little doubt thatWiesen is capable of affording as good results as Davos, and

it seems particularly worthy of trial in those doubtful caseswhere dyspepsia, insomnia, or deficiency in circulatoryvigour renders recourse to the mountains a tentativemeasure. There are two good hotels where ample provisionis made for the comfort ot the invalid; but the village itselfis one of the smallest and poorest in Switzerland, and thevisitor must be prepared to dispense with many of the socialattractions afforded by Davos. Wiesen can be recommendedonly to those who are superior to the charms of gaiety, whopossess much resource for amusement and occupation inthemselves, and who are prepared to make every necessarysacrifice which their condition of health may demand.Wiesen is only eleven miles distant from Davos; hence-visitors to the former resort can have their medical wantssupplied by the physicians of the latter. Between thirtyand forty visitors spent last winter at Wiesen, and theresults of treatment are said to have been satisfactory. We-are still without definite statistical information on thispoint. Wiesen is usually approached from Coire, fromwhich it is twenty-four miles distant.The sanatoria hitherto considered all lie in the same

valley, Davos-Dorfii representing its highest and Wiesenits lowest point. 1 have now to deal with the long famous,.and still very important, health-resorts in the Engadine.The valley of the Inn has long been justly celebrated for its.magnificent scenery, its mineral waters, and its bracingair. For many years it has been a favourite playground fortourists in the summer and autumn, but it is only sinceDavos arose intofmdden popularity that St. Moritz, Samaden,.Pontresina, and the Maloja have put in their claim to rankas winter sanatoria for phthisis. This claim must still bereckoned on its trial, as the results of treatment in the-Engadine have hardly hitherto been of a nature to justifythe expectation that it will ever supersede Davos. We maysafely confine ourselves to the consideration of St. Moritzand the Maloja, as Samaden and Pontresina have grave dis-advantages as winter resorts: the former in its windiness;,the latter in the contour of the surrounding hills interferingwith the sunshine. They have hitherto had few winterresidents, and it seems unjustifiable to recommend themwhen there are several reports equally accessible and in allrespects superior.

St. Moritz enjoys a very charming situation. It is 6089feet above the level of the sea (nearly 1000 feet higher thanDavos), and the village rests on the crest of a hill 300 feetabove the level of the Inn valley. Beneath lies a lake, onthe edge of which are the baths of St. Moritz (St. Moritz.Bad), with numerous splendid hotels, while beyond stretchesa range of snowy peaks of great grandeur. The baths havetheir season in August and September, when St. Moritz is.the favourite resort of wealth and fashion, but are closed inwinter. Several hotels in the village proper now remainopen throughout the year for the benefit of winter visitants,and the accommodation provided is in every way excellent.Good medical attendance can be procured.A few miles beyond St. Moritz, on the margin of the lake

of Sils, is the Grand Kursaal de la Maloja, a magnificent hotel(perhaps the finest in Europe), recently erected. All that

money and art can do has been done both to provide for thecomfort and to promote the pleasure of winter residents. Thescenery in the neighbourhood, though somewhat inferior to^St. Moritz, is nevertheless very fine, and a view of the lakewith its grand encircling peaks, when the moon rideshigh and the snow is on the ground, is a scene one cannoteasily forget. It must not be forgotten, however, that this,fine winter sanatorium is in one of the most secluded posi-tions in Europe. The railway does not approach nearerthan Coire on the north, and Chiavenna on the south. Thereis no village in the vicinity of the hotel, and no opportunityfor any social pleasures beyond those afforded by the visitorsthemselvesWhat are the climatic peculiarities of the Inn valley, and

wherein do they differ meteorologically and in theirapplication to disease from those prevailing in the valley ofDavos? St. Moritz and the Maloja are both at a materiallyhigher elevation than Davos; hence they have a lower meantemperature, a longer winter, and a greater duration offrost and snow. Nevertheless, owing to peculiarities of’local position, they both enjoy somewhat more sunshineduring the winter than Davos, and in this respect theMaloja takes precedence of St. Moritz; but there is oneessential point in which, according to the unanimous reportof invalids and permanent residents, Davos enjoys an

undisputed pre-eminence-namely, stillness of the atmo-

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sphere. That the Alpine winter climate would be utterlyunsuitable to the invalid did not the profound atmosphericcalm permit the full influence of the solar heat to be felt whilethe shade temperature is far below freezing-point is a cardinaland indisputable principle in all theories regarding the efficacyof the high altitude treatment. This point is really thepivot on which the whole question turns. Hence windinessis simply a fatal objection to any luftkurort. It would beinaccurate, however, to describe the winter climate of St.Moritz and the Maloja as windy. Perfect days-days ofabsolute stillness, spotless skies, and uninterrupted sun-shine-are by no means rare during winter in the Innvalley, but they are unquestionably less frequent than atDavos. That this must necessarily be so is evident to theeye of any observer who is familiar with the principles whichregulate the relation of topography to climate: Just as thewaters of the Inn rush down the long funnel-shaped valleyof the Engadine, so must there also at times be a descent ofatmospheric currents. As the writer drove up from Siisto Samaden on a brilliant day in October, the whistlingof the wind reminded him, in spite of the bright sun-shine, that he had left behind the atmospheric placidityof Davos. The position of the Maloja hotel, situatedalmost at the apex of the long double valley formedon one side by the Engadine and on the other by the MalojaPass and the Via Bregaglia, seems particularly obnoxious tothe charge of windiness. The climate of the higher Alps isone of great stimulation and much tonic influence, and thesecharacteristics will be exaggerated in proportion to theamount of wind. But in those cases in which the climatefails to confer benefit, the usual explanation is that it is toostimulating; hence the calm of Davos is all in its favour.At Davos one meets with numerous cases of patients whohave crossed over into the Engadine, often for the merepurpose of varying the monotony of existence, but who havebeen driven back by the over-stimulation of the climate. Onthe other hand, the results of treatment at St. Moritz andthe Maloja have frequently been excellent, but therecannot be a doubt that extreme care is necessary in theselection of cases. Debilitated patients, patients with ner-vous irritability or the least suspicion of circulatory weak-ness, should on no account be sent to the Engadine. IfDavos and Wiesen are of doubtful applicability to such cases,St. Moritz and the Maloja are absolutely contra-indicated.The high altitude treatment of phthisis has fought its

way into favour against heavy prejudices, and has at leastestablished its claim to careful consideration. It is not aspecific, as the rapidly-filling graveyard of Davos abundantlyproves, but in properly selected cases its results probablyexcel those obtained by the older methods. It is to assistthe profession in the choice of suitable cases, and to save ahopeful advance in therapeutics from the odium whichfollows from its improper application, that the presentf3eries of articles has been written.

MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

GREAT was the success of the Medical Society’s Dinnerheld in the Venetian Chamber of the Holborn Restaurant- on Tuesday, Mr. Brudenell Carter, the retiring president,being in the chair. After the loyal toasts had been dulyhonoured, the toast of " The Army" was responded to bySir Thomas Crawford, who referred to the question of the" relative rank" of medical officers. His observations en-

tirely supported the position which we took on this question(see THE LANCET, page 482). There was nothing in the Royal’Warrant that trenched in any way on the prerogative of theMedical Department of the Army. We have no doubt thatthe strong assurance of the Director-General of the ArmyMedical Department will quiet the unnecessary alarmthat has been excited. Captain Crozier replied for theNavy, and Colonel Edis for the Volunteer forces. To Mr. T.Bryant was entrusted the toast of " The Houses of Par-,liament," and this was answered by Colonel Duncan, M.P.Dr. Ord proposed " The Medical Corporations," andMr. Shillitoe, the Master of the Society of Apothecaries,responded. Sir Joseph Fayrer did the honours of thetoist for " The Retiring President." Dr. Hughlings Jacksonwas warmly received as the new President of the Society.’The remarks of Mr. J. H. Morgan, the retiring secretary,Dr. Samuel West the senior secretary, Mr. Bernard Pitts, the

new secretary, and Mr. Poole, the much-respected regiatrar,were received with acclamation. We were greatly pleasedwith the suggestion of Dr. Samuel West that the clinicalmeetings of the Society should become a still more pro-minent feature-a suggestion that we have advocated forsome time past as likely to prove of great practical valueand interest, and certainly conducive to the welfare of theAssociation.

THE MANCHESTER MEDICO-ETHICAL ASSOCIA-TION AND CORONERS’ INQUESTS.

AT an ordinary meeting of the Manchester Medico-EthicalAssociation, held on April 24:th, 1885, Dr. Sinclair read a paperupon " Coroners’ Inquests." This paper led to the appoint-ment of a sub-committee of the Association for the

purpose of obtaining and considering evidence as to the

present inefficient working of the Coroner’s Court. Thesub-committee, with Dr. Sinclair for their chairmanand Dr. Owen as secretary, commenced their labours onSept. 15th, 1885, and held fourteen sittings. Evidence wasobtained of the inefficiency of the present system from(1) the personal experience of each member of the sub-committee ; (2) from published statements which have

appeared from time to time in the medical journals andpublic papers; (3) from statements received in reply to acircular letter asking for information based upon personalexperience. In all 300 letters were addressed to variousmedical men, including members of the Association, medicalofficers of health, police surgeons, professed medical jurists,and public analysts. The evidence thus obtained was

considered under the following heads : (1) The coroner, hisfunctions, qualifications, and mode of election; (2) the posi-tion of medical men as skilled witnesses; (3) the presentsystem of registration of deaths; (4) the coroner’s jury,The third branch was found to be inseparable from theinquiry, as much of the inefficiency complained of was foundto be duetoafaulty system of death registration. After givinga number of cases illustrative of the defects of the presentsystem so far as the coroner is concerned, the sub-committeeexpressed their opinion : 1. That the qualification and positionof a coroner should be those of a stipendiary judge, who shoulddevote the whole of his time to the duties of his office, andthat his salary should in no case be dependent upon thenumber of inquests. 2. That the present mode of electionto the office is unsatisfactory, and that the election shouldinvariably rest with the Crown. 3. That the functions of acoroner should be to conduct public inquiries into the causeof death in certain cases by means of the evidence of expertsand of other witnesses, and to sum up such evidence in itslegal aspects before a properly constituted jury. 4. Thathe should have no discretion, but to hold an inquest in everycase of death, sudden or otherwise, in which the cause ofdeath cannot be certified by a legally qualified medical man.But it is not implied that the coroner should be necessarilydebarred from holding an inquiry, provided there existsreasonable grounds for suspicion, because a death has beencertified by a legally qualified practitioner. 5. That no

inquest shall be held without a previous examination of thebody by a properly qualified medical man. After givingdetails showing the unsatisfactory way in which necropsiesare too often made and medical evidence given, the sub-committee made the following suggestions :-1. The exami-nation of the body upon which an inquest is to be heldshould be made by a medical man specially skilled in suchmatters, who should be designated the Public Pathologist,and that for every coroner’s district there should be one or moresuch pathologists appointed to conduct the examination ofthe body previously to the inquest. 2. The appointment ofthe public pathologist should be made by the same authorityas in the case of the coroner. 3. The pathologist should, incases in which he may deem it necessary, suggest to thecoroner the advisability of calling in the aid of other scien-tific experts (for analysis, &c.). 4. The duties of the publicpathologist should not preclude the medical attendant inthe case from giving evidence as a skilled witness whennecessary. 5. For every coroner’s district one or more mor-tuaries, with proper appliances, should be provided, whichwould be available for post-mortem examinations in theabsence of proper accommodation elsewhere, or in suchother circumstances as the coroner might think would