The HistoriansThe Historians

Europe and Europe and

Russia 8000 BCE 600 CERussia 8000 BCE 600 CE

IntroIntro

Europe has a broad Europe has a broad source of information source of information about its ancient about its ancient history. It focuses on history. It focuses on early civilizations in early civilizations in early BCE. Then in early BCE. Then in late BCE and CE late BCE and CE empires, and their empires, and their emperors are emperors are revealed in this power revealed in this power point.point.

Russia has little Russia has little information, but information, but still has some. The still has some. The information I found information I found was about the was about the societies and the societies and the migratory Indo-migratory Indo-European people.European people.

TimelineTimeline8000-6000 BCE8000-6000 BCE

8000-7000 BCE8000-7000 BCE Jericho (before 8000-Jericho (before 8000-

3000)3000) Cave paintings at Cave paintings at

Lascaux and altamira.Lascaux and altamira. Catal Huyuk was Catal Huyuk was

established. (7250-established. (7250-5400)5400)

7000-6000 BCE7000-6000 BCE Pigs and cattle were first Pigs and cattle were first

domesticated. (7000)domesticated. (7000)

TimelineTimeline6000-4000 BCE6000-4000 BCE

6000-5000 BCE6000-5000 BCE In Europe the Neolithic In Europe the Neolithic

Period in which cattle Period in which cattle were domesticated, were domesticated, many new food plants many new food plants were cultivated.were cultivated.

5000-4000 BCE5000-4000 BCE Indo-European Indo-European

nomads migrated nomads migrated to the steppes of to the steppes of Russia. 4500-2500 Russia. 4500-2500 BCE BCE

TimelineTimeline4000-2000 BCE4000-2000 BCE

4000-3000 BCE4000-3000 BCE Era of Sumerian Era of Sumerian

dominance in dominance in Mesopotamia .Mesopotamia .

Orkey islands, had Orkey islands, had earliest settlements in earliest settlements in Russia. (4000)Russia. (4000)

Samarkand, Bokhara Samarkand, Bokhara (4000)(4000)

3000-2000 BCE3000-2000 BCE Indo-European Indo-European

migrations to central migrations to central Europe (2300)Europe (2300)

Indo-European to Indo-European to balkans regions balkans regions (2200)(2200)

TimelineTimeline2000-500 BCE2000-500 BCE

2000-1000 BCE2000-1000 BCE Minoan Society (2000-1700) Minoan Society (2000-1700)

Mycenaean Society (1500-Mycenaean Society (1500-1100)1100)

Indo-European migration to Indo-European migration to western Europe (1200)western Europe (1200)

Phoenician colonies in the Phoenician colonies in the Mediterranean (1200)Mediterranean (1200)

Slavs, Khazars in Russia Slavs, Khazars in Russia (1500)(1500)

Pomo moved to Russian Pomo moved to Russian river area/clear lake.river area/clear lake.

1000-500 BCE1000-500 BCE Emergence of Polis (800)Emergence of Polis (800) Era of Homer (750)Era of Homer (750) Era of Greek colonization Era of Greek colonization

(750-600)(750-600) Sappho (600)Sappho (600) Solon’s reforms and rise of Solon’s reforms and rise of

democracy (500s)democracy (500s) Establishment of Roman Establishment of Roman

republic (509)republic (509) Gelonus was described by Gelonus was described by

Herodotos as a huge earth Herodotos as a huge earth and wood fortified grad and wood fortified grad inhabited around 500 BCE by inhabited around 500 BCE by Heloni and BudiniHeloni and Budini

TimelineTimeline500-200 BCE500-200 BCE

500-400 BCE500-400 BCE Battles of Marthon (490) and Battles of Marthon (490) and

Salamis (480)Salamis (480) Golden Age of Athens (400s)Golden Age of Athens (400s) Pericles, Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Socrates, Plato,

Aristotle, Aeschylus, Aristotle, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Sophocles, Euripides, Peloponnesian War (431-404)Peloponnesian War (431-404)

400-200 BCE400-200 BCE Greek conquest by Phillip II of Greek conquest by Phillip II of

Macedon (359-336)Macedon (359-336) Conquests of Alexander of Conquests of Alexander of

Macedon (336-323)Macedon (336-323) Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and

Seleucid Dynasties, Hellenistic Seleucid Dynasties, Hellenistic age Epicurianism, Skepticism, age Epicurianism, Skepticism, Stoicism, Punic Wars. (264-Stoicism, Punic Wars. (264-146)146)

Indo-European people Indo-European people migrated to Russia steppes migrated to Russia steppes and its rivers. ( Volga River ) and its rivers. ( Volga River ) (300)(300)

TimelineTimeline200 BCE – 300 CE200 BCE – 300 CE

200-1 BCE200-1 BCE Reforms and Reforms and

assassinations of Gracchi assassinations of Gracchi Brothers (133-121)Brothers (133-121)

Marius and Sulla (87-78)Marius and Sulla (87-78) Julius Caesar (100-44)Julius Caesar (100-44) Battle of Actium(31)Battle of Actium(31) Octavian receives title of Octavian receives title of

Augustus (27)Augustus (27) Pax RomanaPax Romana

1-300 CE1-300 CE Paul of Tarsus and the Paul of Tarsus and the

spread of Christianityspread of Christianity Epidemic disease ( 165-Epidemic disease ( 165-

180)180) Mani and the spread of Mani and the spread of

ManichaeismManichaeism Diocletian (284-305)Diocletian (284-305)

Timeline Timeline 300-604 CE300-604 CE

300-476 CE300-476 CE Constantine (313)Constantine (313) Edict of MilanEdict of Milan Theodosius- Christianity as Theodosius- Christianity as

official religion (380)official religion (380) St. Augustine (354-430)St. Augustine (354-430) Rome falls to Odovacer Rome falls to Odovacer

(476)(476) The Bosporan Kingdom The Bosporan Kingdom

(300-600)(300-600)

476- 604 CE476- 604 CE Germanic general Odoacer Germanic general Odoacer

deposes last Roman deposes last Roman emperor (476)emperor (476)

Migration and conquests of Migration and conquests of Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, LombardsFranks, Lombards

St. Benedict of Nursia St. Benedict of Nursia (480-547)(480-547)

Conversion of ClovisConversion of Clovis Benedict’s ruleBenedict’s rule St. Scholastica(482-543)St. Scholastica(482-543) Invention of heavy plowInvention of heavy plow Pope Gregory I (590-604)Pope Gregory I (590-604)

SOCIETIESSOCIETIES

What was the Minoan What was the Minoan Society?Society?

The Minoan society The Minoan society name derived from the name derived from the legendary king of Crete, legendary king of Crete, Minos. Taxes were a Minos. Taxes were a percentage of the citizens percentage of the citizens crops. They had a written crops. They had a written language called Linear A. language called Linear A. The decline of the society The decline of the society was caused by natural was caused by natural disasters, also in the time disasters, also in the time of their mayhem, invaders of their mayhem, invaders attacked, which caused the attacked, which caused the decline of their society.decline of their society.

What was the Mycenaean What was the Mycenaean Society?Society?

They were migratory They were migratory people of Indo-Europeans. people of Indo-Europeans. They had a written language They had a written language which derived from Linear A, which derived from Linear A, but revised into which is but revised into which is called Linear B. The name called Linear B. The name Mycenaean came from one Mycenaean came from one of their most important of their most important settlements, Mycenae. They settlements, Mycenae. They invaded Minon society. Later invaded Minon society. Later on regional wars caused the on regional wars caused the decline of their society.decline of their society.

SOCIETIESSOCIETIES

What was the Athens golden age?What was the Athens golden age?

Athens was a government Athens was a government based on democratic principles. based on democratic principles. Attica, the region around Athens, Attica, the region around Athens, had multiplying amount of had multiplying amount of maritime trading. Athens had maritime trading. Athens had people who were get mad/problems people who were get mad/problems with the social class hierarchy. with the social class hierarchy. Solon’s compromise made Athens Solon’s compromise made Athens into peace. The compromise was into peace. The compromise was the people with land debut would the people with land debut would keep their land but had to repay keep their land but had to repay their debut, by working for their their debut, by working for their debtors. Aristocrats would be able debtors. Aristocrats would be able to participate in the government, to participate in the government, which thus people viewed Athens which thus people viewed Athens as a democratic state.as a democratic state.

SOCIETIESSOCIETIESRussiaRussia

Tribes of Russia-Tribes of Russia-BalticBalticVepsVepsSlavsSlavs

Who were the Baltic Who were the Baltic people?people?

Indo-european Indo-european people arrived around people arrived around 3500-2500 BCE. Balts 3500-2500 BCE. Balts (baltic people) language (baltic people) language was Baltic. One part of the was Baltic. One part of the baltic tribe was the 98 CE baltic tribe was the 98 CE tribe Tacitus. Goliad tribe Tacitus. Goliad migrated to eastern end of migrated to eastern end of Baltic territory, which is Baltic territory, which is modern-day Moscow, modern-day Moscow, Russia. They were mostly Russia. They were mostly nomadic up until 600 CEnomadic up until 600 CE

RELIGIONRELIGION

Manichaeism-Manichaeism-A syncretic, A syncretic,

dualistic religious dualistic religious philosophy that philosophy that combined elements of combined elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought; A and Gnostic thought; A dualistic philosophy dualistic philosophy dividing the world dividing the world between good and evil between good and evil principles, or regarding principles, or regarding matter as intrinsically matter as intrinsically evil and mind as evil and mind as intrinsically good.intrinsically good.

Christianity- Christianity- A monotheistic A monotheistic

system of beliefs and system of beliefs and practices based on the practices based on the Old Testament and Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the as embodied in the New Testament and New Testament and emphasizing the role emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior .of Jesus as savior .

PeoplePeople

Who is Homer?Who is Homer?

Homer is a influential Homer is a influential literary figure in 750 BCE. He literary figure in 750 BCE. He is famous because of his two is famous because of his two great epic poems, the Iliad great epic poems, the Iliad (iliad), and the Odyssey. He (iliad), and the Odyssey. He depictured a society depictured a society composed of heroes, and their composed of heroes, and their outspoken wives. Strong-outspoken wives. Strong-willed human beings coming willed human beings coming in contact with each, and in contact with each, and some even defied the gods.some even defied the gods.

Who is Philip II of Macedon.Who is Philip II of Macedon.

King Philip II reign King Philip II reign from 359-336 BCE. He had a from 359-336 BCE. He had a strong military was made of strong military was made of landowners and a cavalry landowners and a cavalry staffed by aristocrats holding staffed by aristocrats holding large estates. He sought to large estates. He sought to take control of Greece, and take control of Greece, and the Persian empire. In 338 he the Persian empire. In 338 he took control over Greece. He took control over Greece. He tried to take control of the tried to take control of the Persian empire but he was Persian empire but he was assassinated , and his son, assassinated , and his son, Alexander took his role.Alexander took his role.

PeoplePeople

Who is Alexander of Macedon?Who is Alexander of Macedon?

Alexander of Macedon Alexander of Macedon was 20 years old, son of King was 20 years old, son of King Philip II, and took control of Philip II, and took control of Macedon in 336 BCE. He was Macedon in 336 BCE. He was a brilliant strategist, and an a brilliant strategist, and an inspired leader. He assembled inspired leader. He assembled 37,000 to fight against the 37,000 to fight against the Persian army. He took control Persian army. He took control of Syria, Palestine, Egypt, of Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Ionia, and Anatolia, within 5 Ionia, and Anatolia, within 5 years. 330 BCE he took control years. 330 BCE he took control of the Persian empire. In 323 of the Persian empire. In 323 BCE he fell ill and died at the BCE he fell ill and died at the age of 33.age of 33.

Who were the Gracchi Who were the Gracchi brothers?brothers?

The brothers names The brothers names were Tiberis and Gaius. They were Tiberis and Gaius. They tried to limit the amount of tried to limit the amount of conquered land that any conquered land that any individual could hold. They individual could hold. They were assassinated because were assassinated because their enemies thought the their enemies thought the might get followers and over might get followers and over run them. Tiberius was run them. Tiberius was assassinated in 132 BCE as assassinated in 132 BCE as Gaius was assassinated in 121 Gaius was assassinated in 121 BCE.BCE.

PeoplePeople

Who is Julius Caesar?Who is Julius Caesar?Julius liked liberal and Julius liked liberal and

social reform. He like to host social reform. He like to host fights against gladiators and fights against gladiators and animals, which gave him a animals, which gave him a reputation. He conquered reputation. He conquered Gaul. He also conquered Gaul. He also conquered Rome in 46 BCE. He was Rome in 46 BCE. He was assassinated him in 44 BCE.assassinated him in 44 BCE.

Who was Diocletian?Who was Diocletian?Diocletian was an Diocletian was an

emperor of the Roman emperor of the Roman empire, who reign from 284-empire, who reign from 284-305 CE. He tried to strengthen 305 CE. He tried to strengthen the empire by breaking it into the empire by breaking it into two parts. He has a co-two parts. He has a co-emperor, a lieutenant and emperor, a lieutenant and four officials (tetrarchs). He four officials (tetrarchs). He retired and gave his son his retired and gave his son his position. position.

Who was Constantine?Who was Constantine?He is the son of He is the son of

Diocletian, and emperor of Diocletian, and emperor of the Roman empire. He the Roman empire. He relocated the capital, and relocated the capital, and reunited west and east reunited west and east division of his empire. division of his empire.

EventsEvents

Greeks Conquered By RomansGreeks Conquered By Romans Greeks and Roman existed side by side with each other Greeks and Roman existed side by side with each other

both cultures were not so different the both believed in the both cultures were not so different the both believed in the same gods and goddesses but they called them by different same gods and goddesses but they called them by different names. After Romans conquered the Greeks the got to their names. After Romans conquered the Greeks the got to their highest point in there empire this occurred during 146 highest point in there empire this occurred during 146 B.C.E.B.C.E.

Troy Troy The story about how the Greeks tricked the Trojans to take The story about how the Greeks tricked the Trojans to take

a wooden horse which was filled with Greeks soldiers which a wooden horse which was filled with Greeks soldiers which they invaded the city once it was night time. This was an they invaded the city once it was night time. This was an important event for the Greek empire this occurred in important event for the Greek empire this occurred in 1200B.C.E. 1200B.C.E.

DocumentDocument

In this picture is Charles Martel. In this picture is Charles Martel. Literally Literally Charles the Charles the HammerHammer, was , was a Frankish military and political a Frankish military and political leader, who served as Mayor of leader, who served as Mayor of the Palace under the Palace under the Merovingian kings and the Merovingian kings and ruled ruled de facto de facto during during an interregnum (737–43) at the an interregnum (737–43) at the end of his life, using the end of his life, using the title Duke and Prince of the title Duke and Prince of the Franks. In 739 he was offered Franks. In 739 he was offered the title of Consul by the Pope, the title of Consul by the Pope, but he refused. He is but he refused. He is remembered for winning remembered for winning the Battle of Tours in 732, in the Battle of Tours in 732, in which he defeated an invading which he defeated an invading Muslim army and halted Muslim army and halted northward Islamic expansion in northward Islamic expansion in Western Europe.Western Europe.

PlacesPlaces

The Temple of Ramesses IIThe Temple of Ramesses II When the temples (280 km from Aswan) were When the temples (280 km from Aswan) were

threatened by submersion in Lake Nasser, due to threatened by submersion in Lake Nasser, due to the construction of the High Dam, the Egyptian the construction of the High Dam, the Egyptian Government secured the support of UNESCO and Government secured the support of UNESCO and launched a world wide appeal.launched a world wide appeal.

The Coliseum of RomeThe Coliseum of Rome Ancient Rome's huge amphitheater, holding up to Ancient Rome's huge amphitheater, holding up to

55,000 people, was built by Emperor Vespasian in 55,000 people, was built by Emperor Vespasian in AD 80 and was the scene of many deadly AD 80 and was the scene of many deadly gladiatorial and wild animal fights.gladiatorial and wild animal fights.

VocabularyVocabulary

Hellenistic- used to describe Greek natureHellenistic- used to describe Greek nature Synagogue- a Jewish house of worship; equivalent of a church.Synagogue- a Jewish house of worship; equivalent of a church. Empire- a vast territory ruled by one person, the emperor. An Empire- a vast territory ruled by one person, the emperor. An

empire is usually bigger than a kingdom.empire is usually bigger than a kingdom. Neolithic- of pertaining to, or characteristic of the last phase of the Neolithic- of pertaining to, or characteristic of the last phase of the

stone age, marked by the domestication of animals, development of stone age, marked by the domestication of animals, development of agriculture, and the manufacture of pottery and textilesagriculture, and the manufacture of pottery and textiles

Domesticate- to tame as in an animal.Domesticate- to tame as in an animal. Steppe- a vast, semiarid grassland, as found in southeast Europe, Steppe- a vast, semiarid grassland, as found in southeast Europe,

and Siberia .and Siberia . Sappho- A women that was Greek born in Lesbos.Sappho- A women that was Greek born in Lesbos. Skepticism- doubt or unbelief.Skepticism- doubt or unbelief. Indo-European- a large, widespread family of languages, the Indo-European- a large, widespread family of languages, the

surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Celtic, a member surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Celtic, a member of the peoples ancient Europe speaking languages.of the peoples ancient Europe speaking languages.

Epidemic- a widespread occurrence of a disease, or spread of Epidemic- a widespread occurrence of a disease, or spread of something unpleasant.something unpleasant.

NotesNotes

Religious/SocialReligious/Social8000 BCE – 600 CE8000 BCE – 600 CE

The major religion still held in Europe is The major religion still held in Europe is still Christianity, and has being since still Christianity, and has being since the religion started. It has being a the religion started. It has being a major religion mostly since it spread major religion mostly since it spread through Europe and attracted a lot of through Europe and attracted a lot of more then the other starting religions. more then the other starting religions. It was more attracting to people It was more attracting to people because it showed that if you were because it showed that if you were good in life you would wind up in a good in life you would wind up in a good place when you died. The people good place when you died. The people who still do most of the reading from who still do most of the reading from the holy bible are the priests, but still the holy bible are the priests, but still other people read it today. Even though other people read it today. Even though the religion is polytheistic, people of the religion is polytheistic, people of the religion still pray to other the religion still pray to other messengers of God. For one example is messengers of God. For one example is Mary or the Holy spirit. The religion Mary or the Holy spirit. The religion tells people how to live your life tells people how to live your life correctly, since it tells you to be good correctly, since it tells you to be good to others. Some books still used today to others. Some books still used today are the bible, both old and new are the bible, both old and new testamenttestament

ChangesChanges

Today the main changes are Today the main changes are that people got more freedom n that people got more freedom n reading the books of the religion, reading the books of the religion, because in the past people relied on because in the past people relied on priests to read to them since of being priests to read to them since of being illiterate. Also now there is more illiterate. Also now there is more access to churches, instead of having access to churches, instead of having to travel some distance. Moreover to travel some distance. Moreover people are now changing some rules people are now changing some rules for example the rule of a priest not for example the rule of a priest not being able to marry.being able to marry.

BioliographyBioliography

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