The History of EgyptThe History of Egypt

88thth Grade Grade

Ancient CivilizationAncient Civilization

As a result of Egypt’s As a result of Egypt’s layout, a vast desert layout, a vast desert protecting a fertile protecting a fertile river valley, the area river valley, the area had a unified kingdom had a unified kingdom in 3200 B.C.in 3200 B.C.

Several dynasties Several dynasties ruled Egypt for the ruled Egypt for the next 3000 years.next 3000 years.

The PyramidsThe Pyramids

Egypt is known for its many pyramidsEgypt is known for its many pyramids These pyramids serve as tombsThese pyramids serve as tombs Several were built by the famous Several were built by the famous

architect Imhoteparchitect Imhotep

The Great Sphinx of Giza

Native Rule Ends, Muslim Rule Native Rule Ends, Muslim Rule BeginsBegins

The native rule ended after centuries The native rule ended after centuries in 343 BC with a Persian conquest.in 343 BC with a Persian conquest.

It changed hands several times It changed hands several times before the Muslim conquest in the before the Muslim conquest in the seventh century.seventh century.

Different bands of Muslims held Different bands of Muslims held Egypt for the next thousand year Egypt for the next thousand year until the French invasion of Egypt in until the French invasion of Egypt in 1798. 1798.

Civil WarCivil War

After the French invasion failed, After the French invasion failed, control of Egypt was sought after by control of Egypt was sought after by several groups including Turks, several groups including Turks, Albanians, and Mamelukes.Albanians, and Mamelukes.

An Albanian, Muhammad Ali, gained An Albanian, Muhammad Ali, gained control and helped modernize Egyptcontrol and helped modernize Egypt..

CairoCairo

Suez Canal and the U.K.Suez Canal and the U.K.

Great Britain completed the Suez in Great Britain completed the Suez in 1869, linking the Mediterranean and 1869, linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas.Red Seas.

In 1882, to protect their investment, In 1882, to protect their investment, they took control of Egypt.they took control of Egypt.

Egypt remained loyal to the Ottoman Egypt remained loyal to the Ottoman Empire until WWI.Empire until WWI.

After WWI Great Britain conceded After WWI Great Britain conceded some control to Egypt.some control to Egypt.

The Republic of EgyptThe Republic of Egypt

The Republic of Egypt was declared The Republic of Egypt was declared in 1953 when Muhammad Naguib in 1953 when Muhammad Naguib was the first president.was the first president.

Gamal Abdel Nassar took over Gamal Abdel Nassar took over shortly after that and forced the shortly after that and forced the British out.British out.

Nassar tried to unify Syria with Nassar tried to unify Syria with Egypt, but he was unsuccessful.Egypt, but he was unsuccessful.

SadatSadat

Anwar Sadat succeeded Nassar after Anwar Sadat succeeded Nassar after his death in 1970.his death in 1970.

He made political changes in He made political changes in alliance, choosing the U.S. instead of alliance, choosing the U.S. instead of the Soviet Union in the Cold War.the Soviet Union in the Cold War.

He also regained the Sinai Peninsula He also regained the Sinai Peninsula in the Yom Kippur War, after Nassar in the Yom Kippur War, after Nassar had lost it during the Six-Day War.had lost it during the Six-Day War.

Modern EgyptModern Egypt

Sadat was assassinated in 1981 and Sadat was assassinated in 1981 and replaced by Hosni Mubarak.replaced by Hosni Mubarak.

Mubarak has ruled Egypt since then Mubarak has ruled Egypt since then and continues to be one of the and continues to be one of the Middle East and North Africa’s most Middle East and North Africa’s most powerful leaders.powerful leaders.