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THE HISTORY OFELECTRONIC AND

COMPUTER MUSICDEVELOPMENTS IN THE EARLY

TWENTIETH CENTURY TILLTODAY

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What is Electronic Music

Music created by electronic instruments and

electronic technology.

Electronic music is a vast field, comprising of

techniques used to enhance sounds and give them

a new shape altogether.

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Birth of Electronic Music

The birth of electronic music took place in the late 19th

century

Great scientists like Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell

etc. laid the foundation principles for the development in

electronic music

Lee De Forest invented the triode auction tube, it was a

vacuum tube capable of amplifying sound signals,

broadcasting sound waves and it was able to do many other

functions.

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Triode Auction Tube

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Luigi Russolo in 1913 invented the Intonarumori. The

Intonarumori were used to create a wild variety of sounds

through ingenious mechanical means.

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Electronic Music in the Early

20thCentury

Inventions of tape recorder and primitive synthesizer.

Tests on magnetic tapes were carried out extensively during

this period.

Composers in Paris developed a new technique for

composition called Musique Concrte.

The playback itself was the performance rather like a DJ set.

The first Musique Concrete was assembled together by Pierre

Schaeffer.

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Pierre Schaeffer in his studio

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CSIRAC was the first computer to play music in 1951.

In 1960, Max Mathews of Bell Labs invented MUSIC V, a direct

digital synthesis language.

In the late 1960s, pop and rock musicians, including The Beach

Boys and The Beatles, began to use electronic instruments.

In 1970, the Mini-Moog was among the first widely available,

portable and relatively affordable synthesizers.

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MIDI

In 1980, the birth of MIDI marked a significant change. MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface.

It resulted from a collaboration between leading

manufacturers initially Sequential Circuits, Oberheim,

Rolandand later, other participants that included Yamaha,

Korg, and Kawai.

MIDI is a simple way to control multiple electronic instruments

at the same time.

Using a single MIDI-enabled keyboard, for example, a musician

can play audio on two or three synthesizers, a drum machineand a sampler.

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Avant Garde Electronic Music

Avant Garde Electronic Music refers to Experimental Music.

John Cage of USA was a pioneer in contributing to this genre.

Cage promoted silence, altered instruments, sounds of nature,

found sounds, the very movements of the performer, the

collage of random noises, and even the background noise ofthe auditorium was given to the status of music.

John Cage wrote the history of avant garde genres for the

following 50 years, even though he didn't give it any

masterpiece. Live electronic music was also pioneered by David Tudor

(USA, 1926), notably with Rainforest (1973). Rainforest is an

electronic music composition, in which he used various

sounds ranging from animal to bird sounds.

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Tod Dockstader (USA, 1932), a self-taught sound engineer and

sound-effect specialist who scored soundtracks for Hollywood

cartoons.

Igor Wakhevitch (France), a student of Pierre Schaeffer,

blended electronic music, psychedelic rock and classical operaon his albums Logos (1970), Docteur Faust (1971) and Hathor

(1973).

David Rosenboom (USA, 1947) focused on computer-

enhanced chamber music: Future Travel (1981) for computer,

electronics and acoustic instruments was one of the first

albums composed almost entirely with a digital synthesizer.

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Music Genres Arising Due to

Electronic Music Ambient

Breakbeat

Video Game music

Disco

Drum and Bass

Dub

Electronic Rock

House music

Techno

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Influence of Electronic Music

Today Today we can hear mp3 files, watch videos, and do so many

types of video and sound editing using computer softwares.

Almost in any party, clubs or pubs, electronic music is used

extensively.

The industry that greatly developed from the avant gardeelectronic music researches is the DJ music.

All the famous songs produced these days, use a lot of sound

engineering techniques taken from the work done during the

development of electronic music. Electronic music has given the world a very amazing musical

instrument- the Electric Guitar

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Genres like Metal, Rock, Pop and many such others, mostly

comprise of electric guitar music.

All of this was possible because of the pioneering work done

by the many great composers during the avant garde

electronic music era.

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