The History of the Internet

Joachim Åberg

Peter Hedberg

Distributed Information Systems

1960 Today

Telephone – communication network Berkeley

Packet-switching

MIT

Rand Institute

NPL (National Physical Laboratory)

The 60's

By 1972 - ARPAnet grown to 15 nodes

NCP (network-control protocol). [RFC 001]

The first host-to host between ARPAnet users known as the NCP

Applications

Email program

The 70's

Different packet-switching networks

ARPAnet, ALOHANet, Telnet, Cyclades...

DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)

A network of networks.

Early versions of TCP, UDP and IP in place by the end of the 1970's.

• 1976 Metcalfe and Boggs started an early version of Ethernet protocol

The 70's

The 80's

• ARPAnet– Huge increase– From 100 to 100000

• Why?– Universities connect

• North Eastern part of USA

• CSNet– connected computers not connected to ARPAnet

The 80's

• Internet cornerstones– NSFNet created– ARPAnet NCP→ TCP/IP in 1983

• Late 80's– Important extensions to TCP

• Implement Congestion Control

– DNS– 32-bit IP a.b.c.d

Minitel

• 1982• French online service

• Free computer terminals to telephone suscribers

• Services– Online purchases, train reservations. Stock

prices, telephone directory, chat

• Estimation: 25 million (out of 60) used it by the end of the 90's

• Similar systems was introduced ( Teleguide)

WWW

• 1980– Tim Berners Lee– ENQUIRE– Hypertext

• 1984– Physicist needed to share data

• 1989– Proposal ”a large hypertext database with typed links”

• TIM, MOI,WWW

WWW

• 1990– HTTP, HTML, browser (WWW)

• 92-95– HTTP, GOPHER– Early Browser• Mosaic→Netscape Navigator

• 96-98– Commercialization of the WWW– Google

Bubble to Present

• 1999-2001– Dot-com bubble burst

• 2001 →– Web 2.0– Wikipedia, MySpace, iTunes, Flickr, World of Warcraft,

Facebook, Podcast, Google Earth, Youtube, Twitter, Bittorrent, G-Mail