The History of the Orthodox The History of the Orthodox ChurchChurch

ISOS LESSON IIISOS LESSON II

FALLFALL 2003 2003

SOURCES OF CHURCH HISTORYSOURCES OF CHURCH HISTORY

HOLY SCRIPTUREHOLY SCRIPTURE

HOLY TRADITIONHOLY TRADITION

SERVICE BOOKS OF THE CHURCH ---SERVICE BOOKS OF THE CHURCH ---

SAINTS LIVESSAINTS LIVES

THE HISTORIC RECORDTHE HISTORIC RECORD

EARTHLY MINISTRY OF OUR LORDEARTHLY MINISTRY OF OUR LORD

FROM THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE FROM THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE ASCENSION.ASCENSION.

WITNESSED TO BY THE EVANGELISTS IN WITNESSED TO BY THE EVANGELISTS IN THE GOSPELS.THE GOSPELS.

THE ACCOUNTS OF THE LIFE OF JESUS THE ACCOUNTS OF THE LIFE OF JESUS SPOKEN IN THE VOICES OF THOSE WHO SPOKEN IN THE VOICES OF THOSE WHO SHARED THE EVENTS .SHARED THE EVENTS .

THE APOSTOLIC AGETHE APOSTOLIC AGE

BEGINS IN THE BOOK OF ACTS.BEGINS IN THE BOOK OF ACTS.

STARTS WITH THE BIRTH OF THE CHURCH ON STARTS WITH THE BIRTH OF THE CHURCH ON EARTH.EARTH.

ENDS WITH THE DEATH OF ST. JOHN THE ENDS WITH THE DEATH OF ST. JOHN THE THEOLOGIAN ON THE ISLAND OF PATMOS.THEOLOGIAN ON THE ISLAND OF PATMOS.

TELLS THE STORY OF THE SPREAD OF THE TELLS THE STORY OF THE SPREAD OF THE NASCENT CHURCH.NASCENT CHURCH.

PENTECOSTPENTECOST

THE AGE OF THE APOSTOLIC FATHERSTHE AGE OF THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS

WORK OF THE APOSTLES CARRIED ON BY WORK OF THE APOSTLES CARRIED ON BY THOSE WHO HAD “SAT AT THEIR FEET”THOSE WHO HAD “SAT AT THEIR FEET”

THE CHURCH CONTINUES TO DEVELOP THE CHURCH CONTINUES TO DEVELOP THE OFFICES AND FORM WE RECOGNIZE THE OFFICES AND FORM WE RECOGNIZE TODAY.TODAY.

EARLY DEFENSE OF CHURCH TEACHINGS EARLY DEFENSE OF CHURCH TEACHINGS AGAINST HERESIES BY THE APOLOGISTS.AGAINST HERESIES BY THE APOLOGISTS.

PERSECUTIONS OF THE CHURCH BEGIN.PERSECUTIONS OF THE CHURCH BEGIN.

CHRIST THE GREAT HIIGH PRIESTCHRIST THE GREAT HIIGH PRIEST

FORMATIVE CENTURIESFORMATIVE CENTURIES

IMPACT OF CHRISTIANIMPACT OF CHRISTIAN HERESIES, THE HERESIES, THE CHURCH BEGINS TO DEFEND ITSELF AND CHURCH BEGINS TO DEFEND ITSELF AND TO DEAL WITH THE TO DEAL WITH THE LAPSEDLAPSED. .

THE CHURCH SPREADS AND BECOMES AN THE CHURCH SPREADS AND BECOMES AN URBAN SOCIAL FORCE.URBAN SOCIAL FORCE.

THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE WAS THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE WAS DEVELOPING INTO A FORM AND ORDER DEVELOPING INTO A FORM AND ORDER WE WOULD RECOGNIZE. WE WOULD RECOGNIZE.

THE AGE OF THE GREAT COUNCILSTHE AGE OF THE GREAT COUNCILS

THE CHURCH DEFINES ITSELFTHE CHURCH DEFINES ITSELF

44THTH - - 99THTH CENTURIESCENTURIES

THE EDICT OF MILAN – THE END OF THE EDICT OF MILAN – THE END OF PERSECUTIONS. PERSECUTIONS.

EACH GREAT COUNCIL WAS CALLED TO EACH GREAT COUNCIL WAS CALLED TO CONFRONT SPECIFIC HERESIES OR TO CONFRONT SPECIFIC HERESIES OR TO SETTLE THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS.SETTLE THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS.

1.1. WHO WAS JESUS ?WHO WAS JESUS ?

2.2. WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE HOLY TRINITY ?WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE HOLY TRINITY ?

3.3. HOW DOES HUMANITY RELATE TO GOD ?HOW DOES HUMANITY RELATE TO GOD ?

FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCILFIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL

325 - 325 - NICAEANICAEA ANSWERED THE HERESY OF ARIUSANSWERED THE HERESY OF ARIUS

““Jesus was created. Not of the same essence of Jesus was created. Not of the same essence of the Father, The Spirit was also created… the Holy the Father, The Spirit was also created… the Holy Trinity was not of one essence”.Trinity was not of one essence”.

The Champions of Orthodoxy included the The Champions of Orthodoxy included the Fathers of the 1Fathers of the 1stst Ecumenical Council. Ecumenical Council.

St. Athanasios, St. Spyridon, and St. St. Athanasios, St. Spyridon, and St. Nicholas.Nicholas.

THE FIRST PART OF OUR CREED WAS THE FIRST PART OF OUR CREED WAS ADOPTED, DATE OF EASTER DISCUSSED, AND ADOPTED, DATE OF EASTER DISCUSSED, AND THE PRIMACY OF THE APOSTOLIC SEESTHE PRIMACY OF THE APOSTOLIC SEES - - Rome, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem Rome, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem

PERIOD PEOPLE AND EVENTSPERIOD PEOPLE AND EVENTS

FATHERS OF THE CHURCH:FATHERS OF THE CHURCH:

THE THREE HIERARCHS: THEOLOGY, THE THREE HIERARCHS: THEOLOGY, LEARNING, LITURGIES and CHURCH LEARNING, LITURGIES and CHURCH PRACTICES.PRACTICES.

THE MONASTIC FATHERS AND MOTHERSTHE MONASTIC FATHERS AND MOTHERS

SPIRITUAL GUIDES, HELPED TO SPIRITUAL GUIDES, HELPED TO DEVELOPE THE MONASTIC SYSTEMDEVELOPE THE MONASTIC SYSTEM

CONSTANTINOPLE ICONSTANTINOPLE I(381)(381)

REAFIRMED NICEA I, COMPLETED THE REAFIRMED NICEA I, COMPLETED THE CREED.CREED.

TOPIC WAS THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE TOPIC WAS THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE

TRININARIAN RELATIONSHIPS.TRININARIAN RELATIONSHIPS.

CONSTANTINOPLE “The New Rome” CONSTANTINOPLE “The New Rome” GIVEN RANK SECOND TO ROME.GIVEN RANK SECOND TO ROME.

COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON (COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON (451451))

REAFIRMS and FURTHER DEFINES THE REAFIRMS and FURTHER DEFINES THE COUNCIL OF EPHESUS.COUNCIL OF EPHESUS.

XC IS XC IS HOMOOUSIOS HOMOOUSIOS WITH BOTH GOD AND WITH BOTH GOD AND MAN. FULLY GOD AND FULLY MAN NEVER MAN. FULLY GOD AND FULLY MAN NEVER MIXED, CONFUSED OR DEMINISHED.MIXED, CONFUSED OR DEMINISHED.

RESULTS IN THE MONOPHYSITE SCHISMRESULTS IN THE MONOPHYSITE SCHISM

OTHER CANONS DEAL WITH POSITION OF OTHER CANONS DEAL WITH POSITION OF CONSTANTINOPLE AND ROME.CONSTANTINOPLE AND ROME.

LATER EVENTS AND LATER EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTSDEVELOPMENTS

DEATH OF THE BESSED AUGUSTINE DEATH OF THE BESSED AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO.OF HIPPO.

EXPANTION OF THE LITURGICAL EXPANTION OF THE LITURGICAL RITES – ST. ROMANOS THE RITES – ST. ROMANOS THE MELODIST.MELODIST.

THE REIGN OF JUSTINIAN. THE REIGN OF JUSTINIAN. THE INSERTION OF THE THE INSERTION OF THE FILIOQUE FILIOQUE BY BY

THE CHURCH OF SPAIN. THE CHURCH OF SPAIN.

RAVENARAVENA

COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE IIICOUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE III ( 680 – ( 680 – 681 681 66THTH COUNCIL) COUNCIL)

CONDEMNED THE TEACHINGS OF SERGIOS CONDEMNED THE TEACHINGS OF SERGIOS AND HONORIOS , MONOTHELYTISM.AND HONORIOS , MONOTHELYTISM.

CHAMPIONS OF ORTHODOXY – ST. CHAMPIONS OF ORTHODOXY – ST. MAXIMOS THE CONFESSOR and ST. MAXIMOS THE CONFESSOR and ST. MARTIN, POPE OF ROME.MARTIN, POPE OF ROME.

OTHER SIGNIFICANT PERSONS – ST. JOHN OTHER SIGNIFICANT PERSONS – ST. JOHN CLIMAKOS, and ST. ANDREW OF CRETE.CLIMAKOS, and ST. ANDREW OF CRETE.

ISLAM IS FOUNDED 622.ISLAM IS FOUNDED 622.

SEVENTH and EIGHTH CENTURIESSEVENTH and EIGHTH CENTURIES

AGE OF ICONOCLASM – LASTED AGE OF ICONOCLASM – LASTED ABOUT 120 YEARS IN TWO PHASES.ABOUT 120 YEARS IN TWO PHASES.

CHAMPIONS OF THE FAITH ST. JOHN CHAMPIONS OF THE FAITH ST. JOHN OF DAMASCUS, ST. THEODORE THE OF DAMASCUS, ST. THEODORE THE STUDITE, THE ICONDULIC PAT-STUDITE, THE ICONDULIC PAT-RIARCHS, STS. IRENE and RIARCHS, STS. IRENE and THEODORA.THEODORA.

NICEAE II NICEAE II 787787

THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST WAS THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST WAS REAFFIRMED. REAFFIRMED.

THE PROTOTYPE IN ICONS ARE TO THE PROTOTYPE IN ICONS ARE TO BE VENERATE; WORSHIP RESERVED BE VENERATE; WORSHIP RESERVED FOR GOD ALONE.FOR GOD ALONE.

THE POTENTIAL OF CREATION IS THE POTENTIAL OF CREATION IS UNDERLINEDUNDERLINED

RESTORATION OF IMAGES NOT RESTORATION OF IMAGES NOT REALIZED UNTIL 843.REALIZED UNTIL 843.

THE AGE OF PHOTIOSTHE AGE OF PHOTIOS

THE PHOTIAN SCHISMTHE PHOTIAN SCHISM

THE SLAVIC MISSIONTHE SLAVIC MISSION

THE LITURGICAL EXPANSION OF THE THE LITURGICAL EXPANSION OF THE GREAT FASTGREAT FAST

THE SPREAD of the FAITHTHE SPREAD of the FAITH

BULGARIA and KIEVBULGARIA and KIEV

TIES to CONSTANTINOPLE.TIES to CONSTANTINOPLE.

MOSLEM CONQUEST CONTINUE.MOSLEM CONQUEST CONTINUE.

THE GREAT SCHISMTHE GREAT SCHISM

1054 ESTRANGEMENT NEARLY 1054 ESTRANGEMENT NEARLY COMPLETE.COMPLETE.

SEPARATION SEALED WITH THE SEPARATION SEALED WITH THE FOURTH CRUSADE.FOURTH CRUSADE.

ORTHODOXY SPREADS IN THE ORTHODOXY SPREADS IN THE NORTH.NORTH.

COUNCIL OF LYONS “ FALSE UNION”COUNCIL OF LYONS “ FALSE UNION”SERBIAN CHURCH BECOMES SERBIAN CHURCH BECOMES

INDEPENDENT.INDEPENDENT.

FIGURES OF NOTE FIGURES OF NOTE 1414THTH CENTURY CENTURY

GREGORY PALMAS VS. BARLAAMGREGORY PALMAS VS. BARLAAMST. ANDRE RUBLEVST. ANDRE RUBLEVST. SERGIUS OF RADONEZHST. SERGIUS OF RADONEZHST. CLEMENT OF OCHRIDST. CLEMENT OF OCHRIDST. NICHOLAS CABASILASST. NICHOLAS CABASILAS

THE OTTOMAN CONQUESTTHE OTTOMAN CONQUEST

CONSTANTINOPLE FALLS 1453CONSTANTINOPLE FALLS 1453BEGINNING OF PERIODS OF BEGINNING OF PERIODS OF

REPRESSION AND RELAXATION.REPRESSION AND RELAXATION. INCREASED CONCENTRATION OF INCREASED CONCENTRATION OF

AUTHORITY IN THE PATRIARCH.AUTHORITY IN THE PATRIARCH.LOSS OF INSTITUTIONS.LOSS OF INSTITUTIONS.THE NEW MARTYRSTHE NEW MARTYRS

16 16 THTH CENTURY CENTURY

IVAN THE TERRIBLEIVAN THE TERRIBLEUNIATE MOVEMENT - UNION OF UNIATE MOVEMENT - UNION OF

BREST LITOVSK.BREST LITOVSK.PROTESTANT REFORMATION– PROTESTANT REFORMATION–

PATRIARCH JERMIAH II REACTION.PATRIARCH JERMIAH II REACTION.CATHOLIC COUNCIL OF TRENT.CATHOLIC COUNCIL OF TRENT.

1717THTH CENTURY CENTURY

CYRIL LUKARIS - CALVANIST CYRIL LUKARIS - CALVANIST INFLUENCE.INFLUENCE.

PETER MOGILA – WESTERN PETER MOGILA – WESTERN INFLUENCE.INFLUENCE.

““OLD BELIEVERS SCHISM.OLD BELIEVERS SCHISM.PETER THE GREAT “WESTERNIZES” PETER THE GREAT “WESTERNIZES”

THE CHURCH OF RUSSIA.THE CHURCH OF RUSSIA.SERBIAN AND BULGARIAN CHURCHES SERBIAN AND BULGARIAN CHURCHES

FORCED INTO CONSTANTINOPLE’S FORCED INTO CONSTANTINOPLE’S SPHERE OF INTEREST BY TURKS. SPHERE OF INTEREST BY TURKS.

1818THTH CENTURY CENTURY

MOUNT ATHOS LEADS REVIVAL OF MOUNT ATHOS LEADS REVIVAL OF LEARNING AND BUDDING NATIONAL LEARNING AND BUDDING NATIONAL IDENTITY.IDENTITY.

RUSSIAN MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAN MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN ALASKA. 1794.ALASKA. 1794.

SAINT AUGUSTINE COLONY IN FLA. SAINT AUGUSTINE COLONY IN FLA. 1768.1768.

1919THTH CENTURYCENTURY

BEGINNING OF THE NATIONALISTIC FURVOR BEGINNING OF THE NATIONALISTIC FURVOR IN THE ORTHODOX LANDS OF THE IN THE ORTHODOX LANDS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. GREEK WAR FOR OTTOMAN EMPIRE. GREEK WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE.INDEPENDENCE.

TURKISH REACTION.TURKISH REACTION. RUSSIAN SPIRITUAL RENEWAL.RUSSIAN SPIRITUAL RENEWAL. BEGINNING OF THE GREAT IMMIGRATION.BEGINNING OF THE GREAT IMMIGRATION.

NEW ORLEANS 1864, GALVESTON TX, NEW ORLEANS 1864, GALVESTON TX, 1864.1864.

2020THTH CENTURY CENTURY

GROWTH OF ALL JURISDICTIONS IN GROWTH OF ALL JURISDICTIONS IN AMERICA.AMERICA.

WESTERN EUROPEWESTERN EUROPEAUSTRALIAAUSTRALIACOMMUNISM AND FREEDOM LATE IN COMMUNISM AND FREEDOM LATE IN

THE CENTURY.THE CENTURY.FOUNDATION OF HOLY CROSS AND FOUNDATION OF HOLY CROSS AND

ST. VLADIMIRS. ST. VLADIMIRS.

SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHYSUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Yannaras, C. (1991) Yannaras, C. (1991) Elements of Faith: An Introduction to Orthodox Theology Elements of Faith: An Introduction to Orthodox Theology (Alphavtari ths pisths), (Alphavtari ths pisths), trans. by K. Schram, T&T Clark, Edinburgh.trans. by K. Schram, T&T Clark, Edinburgh.

Ware, K. (1997) Ware, K. (1997) The Orthodox Church, The Orthodox Church, New Edition, Penguin Books, London.New Edition, Penguin Books, London.

Hopko, T. (1973) Hopko, T. (1973) The Orthodox Faith: vol. 3 - Bible and Church History, The Orthodox Faith: vol. 3 - Bible and Church History, An An Elementary Handbook on the Orthodox Church, DRE - OCA, Crestwood Elementary Handbook on the Orthodox Church, DRE - OCA, Crestwood NY.NY.

Pelikan, J. (1977) Pelikan, J. (1977) The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600 -1700) - vol. 2, The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600 -1700) - vol. 2, The The Christian Tradition - in 5 Volumes - A History of the Development of Christian Tradition - in 5 Volumes - A History of the Development of Doctrine, University of Chicago Press, Chicago/London.Doctrine, University of Chicago Press, Chicago/London.

Hussey, J. M. (1990) Hussey, J. M. (1990) The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, Clarendon Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.Press, Oxford, UK.