Cell Membrane Responsible for controlling what substances go
into and out of the cell Think of a screen door
Slide 4
How does stuff get in and out? The cell membrane is selectively
permeable some substances can pass through while others cannot 2
Types of Transport 1. Passive Transport no energy required 2.
Active Transport energy required
Slide 5
Passive Transport Movement of material through the cell
membrane without using energy Diffusion the process by which
molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration Osmosis diffusion of water molecules
through a selectively permeable membrane
Slide 6
Active Transport Movement of materials through a cell membrane
using energy Transport Proteins pick up molecules and pass them
through the membrane Engulfing (Endocytosis) cell membrane folds
around a particle, creating a vacuole
Slide 7
Nucleus The cells control center, directing all of the cells
activities Cells duplicate themselves through a process called
Mitosis a cells nucleus divides into 2 nuclei and a copy of DNA is
distributed into each daughter cell (cell division)
Slide 8
Mitosis (Cell Division)
Slide 9
Slide 10
Cell Cycle 1. Interphase 2a. Mitosis: Prophase Mitosis:
Metaphase 2c. Mitosis: Anaphase 2d. Mitosis: Telophase 3.
Cytokinesis 2b. Cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares
to divide.
Slide 11
Cell Cycle 2a. Mitosis: Prophase Mitosis: Metaphase 2c.
Mitosis: Anaphase 2d. Mitosis: Telophase 3. Cytokinesis 2b. 1.
Interphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell. The
chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. New
nuclear membranes form. Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes,
spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Slide 12
Cell Cycle 2a. Mitosis: Prophase Mitosis: Metaphase 2c.
Mitosis: Anaphase 2d. Mitosis: Telophase 3. Cytokinesis 2b. 1.
Interphase The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the
cell, and the cell divides.
Slide 13
Inside the Cell Cytoplasm clear, thick, gel-like fluid between
the cell membrane and the nucleus Many organelles are found in the
cytoplasm
Slide 14
Cell Organelles What is an organelle? A tiny cell structure
that carries out a specific function within the cell Organelles are
responsible for: 1. Producing Energy 2. Building and Transporting
needed Materials 3. Storing and Recycling Wastes
Slide 15
Cell Organelles Mitochondria powerhouse of the cell Produces
energy for the cell Different types of cells have more/less Muscle
Cells have large numbers of these Endoplasmic Reticulum carry
proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
Cell Transport System Think of a network of roads
Slide 16
Cell Organelles Ribosomes structure that makes proteins Some
are free floating, some attached to E.R. Construction Workers
connect one amino acid to another to build long chains Golgi Bodies
receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the E.R.,
packages them, and sends them off to other parts of the cell for
use Like a Post Office packages and labels items that it sends off
to different parts of the cell Also creates Lysosomes
Slide 17
Cell Organelles Vacuoles storage area for the cell Some animal
cells do not have these Storage Area Water, Food, Waste Lysosomes
break down large food particles into smaller ones Free-floating in
the cytoplasm, they go to work when the cell absorbs or eats food.
Also can break down old cell parts and release substances so they
can be used again Garbage Collectors/Recyclers