The Human Body: An Orientation Ch1 Learning Goals: • An overview of A & P 1. Define anatomy & physiology. 2. Explain how anatomy & physiology are related. • Levels of structure & organization 3. Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are related. 4. Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of each system. 5. Classify by organ system all organs discussed. 6. Identify the organs shown on a diagram or a dissectible torso. • Maintaining life 7. Define homeostasis and explain its importance. 8. Define negative feedback and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis and normal body function. • The language of anatomy 9. Describe the anatomical position verbally or demonstrate it. 10. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes. 11. Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity.
Transcript
The Human Body: An Orientation Ch1Learning Goals:• An overview of A & P
1. Define anatomy & physiology.2. Explain how anatomy & physiology are related.
• Levels of structure & organization3. Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body
and explain how they are related.4. Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions
of each system.5. Classify by organ system all organs discussed.6. Identify the organs shown on a diagram or a dissectible torso.
• Maintaining life7. Define homeostasis and explain its importance.8. Define negative feedback and describe its role in maintaining
homeostasis and normal body function.
• The language of anatomy9. Describe the anatomical position verbally or demonstrate it.10. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions,
surfaces, and body planes.11. Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity.
An Overview of Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy – study of structure; identification of body parts
Physiology – the study of function; how the body parts work
Structure is related to function. Things work the way they work because of their structure.
The thermostat in your house maintains a set temperature.
Now… apply this the human body & how it maintains a steady level (amount) of glucose in
the blood.
• Negative feedback – a stimulus causes a response in the opposite direction of the stimulus.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oBquWer8R8
• Above link to Mr. Ford’s Body Position video• The correct anatomical position is standing up (erect)
with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body. Body Landmarks
• To precisely point out the chief complaint of a patient, the nurse or physician uses anatomical terms representing a certain body part. For example, a patient walks in the emergency room with a hacking wound on the posterior portion of the left lower leg. To clearly state the area of injury the nurse uses the term “sural” which means the posterior surface of the lower leg rather than writing “back area of the lower leg”. Knowing these terms not only give the nurse a more accurate formulation of chief complaints but it also saves time of a good deal of description.
Orientation & Directional TermsUsed to clearly explain the relation of one body structure to
another
• Superior – above• Inferior – below• Anterior – in front of• Posterior – behind• Medial – middle• Lateral – away from the middle; at outer the sides• Intermediate – between a more medial and a more a
lateral surface• Proximal – close to the body part• Distal – away from a body part• Superficial – external; at the surface• Deep – internal; away from the surface
Orientation & Directional Terms
Regional Terms
Anterior Body Landmarks
• Abdominal – anterior body trunk inferior to ribs• Acromial – point of shoulder• Antecubital – anterior surface of elbow• Axillary – armpit• Brachial – arm• Buccal – cheek area• Carpal – wrist• Cervical – neck region• Coxal – hip• Crural – leg• Digital – fingers, toes• Femoral – thigh• Fibular – lateral part of the leg• Inguinal – area where thigh meets body part• Nasal – nose area• Oral – mouth• Orbital – eye area• Patellar – anterior knee• Pelvic – area overlying the pelvis anteriorly• Pubic – genital region• Sternal – breastbone area• Tarsal – ankle region• Thoracic – chest• Umbilical – navel
Posterior Body Landmark
• Calcaneal – heel of foot• Cephalic – head• Deltoid – curve of shoulder formed
by large deltoid muscle• Femoral – thigh• Gluteal – buttock• Lumbar – area of back between
ribs and hips• Occipital – posterior surface of
head• Olecranal – posterior surface of
elbow• Popliteal – sacral• Scapular – shoulder blade region• Sural – posterior surface of the
lower leg• Vertebral – area of spine• Plantar – sole of the foot
