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What was it?• a series of wars between 2 royal families
• (Valois x Anjou/ Plantagenet)
• French x English
• 1337 – 1453
• fight over the control of various pieces of land in France
Where can we find the roots of this conflict?
1) 1066 – William the Conqueror
(Norman Duke, a vassal of the French King)
2) Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine (12c)
- got a big region in France
- their sons:Richard the Lionheart
John the Lackland (lost land)
1) 1328 – Charles IV (Valois) dies
candidates: Philip VI (Valois) x Edward III
4) Flanders – a rich region under French control
Dynastic conflict
• 1328 – Charles IV (son of Philip IV) died
died wihout an heir
there were 2 candidates – see the family tree
struggle over the throne startes
(1337 Philip confiscates Aquitaine)
Lex Salica
Flanders as a reson for conflict
• industrial center of north-western Europe
• extremely wealthy – cloth manufacture
• imported fleece/ wool from England
• England depended upon this trade exchange
• France wated to control the region (Flemish counts were vassals of French king)
• triangular trade
• Battle of Sluys 1337 – English naval victory
The War Breaks Out• Battle of Sluys 1337
• Battle of Crecy 1346 (John of Luxembourg)
• Battle of Poitiers 1356 (French king captive)
• Black Death, rebellions in both countries
(1350s Jacquerie, 1381 Pasants' Revolt)
• Battle of Agincourt 1415 (Treaty of Troyes, Henry V married Catherine – French princess and their son is crowned king of E. and F. (Charles VII – dauphin was disowned)
Weapons and tactics
• longbow (English/ Welsh longbow)
• crossbow
• pikes
• swords, maces, etc.
• heavy cavalry (France)
• light infantry (England)
• avoiding pitch battle (England)
• use of terrain (England)
Joan of Arc
• she had a vision, God told her to go and tell the king
• she led the French to victory
• raising of the siege of Orleans
• dauphin Charles crowned French king as Charles VII
• 1431 – burned at stake
• 1435 – end of civil war (Burgundians)
Final phase of the war
• English still held Aquitaine and Normandy
• 1453 – Battle of Castillon
• final victory of the French
• England lost all its holdings in France
• no treaty, just cease fire