The Immune System: Specific and Non-Specific Responses to Pathogens

Human Body Lesson 8: Standard 10a. Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection.

Standard 10b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection.

Vocabulary1. _____________: the ability of an organism to resist a

particular infection or toxin 2. _____________ _____________: a non-specific defense

reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection3. _____________: elevated body temperature4. _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected

cells that help other cells resist infection5. _____________ _____________: specific defenses that

attack specific disease-causing agents6. _____________: a substance that causes an immune

response

Vocabulary1. Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular

infection or toxin 2. _____________ _____________: a non-specific defense

reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection3. _____________: elevated body temperature4. _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected

cells that help other cells resist infection5. _____________ _____________: specific defenses that

attack specific disease-causing agents6. _____________: a substance that causes an immune

response

Vocabulary

1. Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin

2. Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

3. _____________: elevated body temperature4. _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected

cells that help other cells resist infection5. _____________ _____________: specific defenses

that attack specific disease-causing agents6. _____________: a substance that causes an immune

response

Vocabulary

1. Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin

2. Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

3. Fever: elevated body temperature4. _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected

cells that help other cells resist infection5. _____________ _____________: specific defenses

that attack specific disease-causing agents6. _____________: a substance that causes an immune

response

Vocabulary

1. Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin

2. Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

3. Fever: elevated body temperature4. Interferon: proteins produced by virus-infected cells

that help other cells resist infection5. _____________ _____________: specific defenses

that attack specific disease-causing agents6. _____________: a substance that causes an immune

response

Vocabulary

1. Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin

2. Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

3. Fever: elevated body temperature4. Interferon: proteins produced by virus-infected cells

that help other cells resist infection5. Immune response: specific defenses that attack

specific disease-causing agents6. _____________: a substance that causes an immune

response

Vocabulary

1. Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin

2. Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

3. Fever: elevated body temperature4. Interferon: proteins produced by virus-infected cells

that help other cells resist infection5. Immune response: specific defenses that attack specific

disease-causing agents6. Antigen: a substance that causes an immune response

Vocabulary7. cell-mediated immunity: defense against abnormal cells and

pathogens living inside cells, provided by T-cells8. humoral response: defense against pathogens and antigens in

body fluids, provided by B-cells9. antibodies: proteins that recognize and bind to antigens10. vaccine: injection of a weakened form of a pathogen to

produce immunity11. acquired immunity: immunity that occurs after exposure to a

pathogen12 . passive immunity : the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal

What is the function of the immune system?

• The immune system protects your body from __________, preventing infections whenever possible and fighting off infections that do occur.

• Without your immune system, you would die from even the tiniest __________because you would have no way to fight them off (unless you lived in a bubble that absolutely no pathogens could enter)

What is the function of the immune system?

• The immune system protects your body from pathogens, preventing infections whenever possible and fighting off infections that do occur.

• Without your immune system, you would die from even the tiniest __________because you would have no way to fight them off (unless you lived in a bubble that absolutely no pathogens could enter)

What is the function of the immune system?

• The immune system protects your body from pathogens, preventing infections whenever possible and fighting off infections that do occur.

• Without your immune system, you would die from even the tiniest infections because you would have no way to fight them off (unless you lived in a bubble that absolutely no pathogens could enter)

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the _____. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and __________

• ________ is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and __________

• ________ is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply

• ________ is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply

• Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply

• Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The cilia that line your nose and and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply

• Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The cilia that line your nose and throat help move pathogens ______ from the lungs.

Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense

• Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens

• When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply

• Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells

• The cilia that line your nose and throat help move pathogens away from the lungs.

Question

• How is your skin part of your immune system?

Think about it, then write your answer on your iPad so I can see it

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the ____________ ________ is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a ____ -________ defense reaction to _______ ________ caused by injury or _________.

• Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and _______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a ____ -________ defense reaction to _______ ________ caused by injury or _________.

• Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and _______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to _______ ________ caused by injury or _________.

• Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and _______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or _________.

• Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

• Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

• Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

• Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

• Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become red, ________, and ______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

• Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become red, swollen, and ______.

Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense

• If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated.

• The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

• Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become red, swollen, and painful.

Questions

1. What does it mean when an immune response is non-specific?

2. What do you think a specific immune response is?

Writ your answers on your iPad so I can see them.

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases __________ that ___________ your body ___________. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______.

• Fevers can ____ some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that ___________ your body ___________. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______.

• Fevers can ____ some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that increase your body ___________. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______.

• Fevers can ____ some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______.

• Fevers can ____ some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever.

• Fevers can ____ some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever.

• Fevers can kill some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever.

• Fevers can kill some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your heart rate, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Fever is a Non-Specific Defense• The immune system also

releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever.

• Fevers can kill some pathogens.

• Fevers also increase your heart rate, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white blood cells to get to the site of infection faster!

Interferons are a Non-Specific Defense

• When ________ enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce __________, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection.

• Interferons got their name because they _________ with the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

Interferons are a Non-Specific Defense

• When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce __________, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection.

• Interferons got their name because they _________ with the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

Interferons are a Non-Specific Defense

• When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection.

• Interferons got their name because they _________ with the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

Interferons are a Non-Specific Defense

• When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection.

• Interferons got their name because they interfere with a the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

Interferons are a Non-Specific Defense

• When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection.

• Interferons got their name because they interfere with a the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the synthesis ___________.

Interferons are a Non-Specific Defense

• When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection.

• Interferons got their name because they interfere with a the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the synthesis (translation) of viral proteins.

Question

• What do interferons prevent your cells from doing?

Write your answer on your iPad so I can see it.

Now, you have a choice,

• Option 1 is to finish this presentation and learn about specific defenses of the immune system. If we choose this option, then on Friday we will organize our notebooks and use the textbooks to work on our human body systems projects if we have time.

• Option 2 is to finish this presentation on Friday and use the rest of this class period to work on our human body systems projects using iPads.

Specific Defenses

• Specific defenses attack specific pathogens.

• Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an _______.

• Both ________and ____-__________immunity are specific defenses

Specific Defenses

• Specific defenses attack specific pathogens.

• Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an antigen.

• Both ________and ____-__________immunity are specific defenses

Specific Defenses

• Specific defenses attack specific pathogens.

• Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an antigen.

• Both humoral and ____-__________immunity are specific defenses

Specific Defenses

• Specific defenses attack specific pathogens.

• Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an antigen.

• Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are specific defenses

Humoral Immunity• When a pathogen invades the body, cells in your

bloodstream called B-cells recognize the pathogen and start dividing rapidly

• Plasma cells are B-cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific pathogens. Antibodies act as a signal for other cells of the immune system to destroy the antigen they are attached to (either by killing the cell with antibodies on it or by “eating” the antibody-antigen complex)

• After an infection, most plasma cells die and stop producing antibodies, but memory B cells remain in your bloodstream. If the same pathogen invades your body again, the memory B cells will start to divide, antibodies will be produced, and you will be able to fight off the pathogen much more quickly than the last time.

Antibody Structure

• Antibodies are __-shaped. At the ends of the Y, there are identical _______-______ sites that are ________ to only ___ antigen. For example, an antibody to the chicken pox virus would not bind to the polio virus.

Antibody Structure

• Antibodies are Y-shaped. At the ends of the Y, there are identical _______-______ sites that are ________ to only ___ antigen. For example, an antibody to the chicken pox virus would not bind to the polio virus.

Antibody Structure

• Antibodies are Y-shaped. At the ends of the Y, there are identical antigen-binding sites that are ________ to only ___ antigen. For example, an antibody to the chicken pox virus would not bind to the polio virus.

Antibody Structure

• Antibodies are Y-shaped. At the ends of the Y, there are identical antigen-binding sites that are specific to only ___ antigen. For example, an antibody to the chicken pox virus would not bind to the polio virus.

Antibody Structure

• Antibodies are Y-shaped. At the ends of the Y, there are identical antigen-binding sites that are specific to only one antigen. For example, an antibody to the chicken pox virus would not bind to the polio virus.

Cell-Mediated Immunity• When viruses or pathogens get

______ living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them.

• During a cell-mediated immune response, cells in your blood called _____ _-___ hunt down infected cells of the body and kill them.

• There are other kinds of T-cells, including helper T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

• _____ T-cells activate _____T-cells and help them learn to _________the cells that are infected.

Cell-Mediated Immunity• When viruses or pathogens get

inside living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them.

• During a cell-mediated immune response, cells in your blood called _____ _-___ hunt down infected cells of the body and kill them.

• There are other kinds of T-cells, including helper T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

• _____ T-cells activate _____T-cells and help them learn to _________the cells that are infected.

Cell-Mediated Immunity• When viruses or pathogens get

inside living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them.

• During a cell-mediated immune response, cells in your blood called killer T-cells hunt down infected cells of the body and kill them.

• There are other kinds of T-cells, including helper T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

• _____ T-cells activate _____T-cells and help them learn to _________the cells that are infected.

Cell-Mediated Immunity• When viruses or pathogens get

inside living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them.

• During a cell-mediated immune response, cells in your blood called killer T-cells hunt down infected cells of the body and kill them.

• There are other kinds of T-cells, including helper T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

• Helper T-cells activate _____T-cells and help them learn to _________the cells that are infected.

Cell-Mediated Immunity• When viruses or pathogens get

inside living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them.

• During a cell-mediated immune response, cells in your blood called killer T-cells hunt down infected cells of the body and kill them.

• There are other kinds of T-cells, including helper T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

• Helper T-cells activate killer T-cells and help them learn to _________the cells that are infected.

Cell-Mediated Immunity• When viruses or pathogens get

inside living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them.

• During a cell-mediated immune response, cells in your blood called killer T-cells hunt down infected cells of the body and kill them.

• There are other kinds of T-cells, including helper T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

• Helper T-cells activate killer T-cells and help them learn to recognize the cells that are infected.

Acquired Immunity

• ________ immunity occurs naturally in the body ______you have been _______to a ________. It is your body’s way of “______________” the pathogens it has seen before so it can fight them off quickly if they ever invade again.

Acquired Immunity

• Acquired immunity occurs naturally in the body ______you have been _______to a ________. It is your body’s way of “______________” the pathogens it has seen before so it can fight them off quickly if they ever invade again.

Acquired Immunity

• Acquired immunity occurs naturally in the body after you have been _______to a ________. It is your body’s way of “______________” the pathogens it has seen before so it can fight them off quickly if they ever invade again.

Acquired Immunity

• Acquired immunity occurs naturally in the body after you have been exposed to a ________. It is your body’s way of “______________” the pathogens it has seen before so it can fight them off quickly if they ever invade again.

Acquired Immunity

• Acquired immunity occurs naturally in the body after you have been exposed to a pathogen. It is your body’s way of “______________” the pathogens it has seen before so it can fight them off quickly if they ever invade again.

Acquired Immunity

• Acquired immunity occurs naturally in the body after you have been exposed to a pathogen. It is your body’s way of “remembering” the pathogens it has seen before so it can fight them off quickly if they ever invade again.

Active Immunity

• _______ immunity is a type of acquired immunity that occurs after you have an infection OR after you are given a vaccine

• Your body ___________ memory T and B cells that will fight off the pathogen in the future

Active Immunity

• Active immunity is a type of acquired immunity that occurs after you have an infection OR after you are given a vaccine

• Your body __________ memory T and B cells that will fight off the pathogen in the future

Active Immunity

• Active immunity is a type of acquired immunity that occurs after you have an infection OR after you are given a vaccine

• Your body produces memory T and B cells that will fight off the pathogen in the future

Passive Immunity• _______ immunity is when the

body is ___ making antibodies or memory cells, but you are still immune from certain pathogens.

• Babies have passive immunity because antibodies pass across the ________ during development and are in breast milk.

• Sometimes, people are given _____ or infusions of __________that can help them fight off diseases.

Passive Immunity• Passive immunity is when the body

is ___ making antibodies or memory cells, but you are still immune from certain pathogens.

• Babies have passive immunity because antibodies pass across the ________ during development and are in breast milk.

• Sometimes, people are given _____ or infusions of __________that can help them fight off diseases.

Passive Immunity• Passive immunity is when the body

is not making antibodies or memory cells, but you are still immune from certain pathogens.

• Babies have passive immunity because antibodies pass across the ________ during development and are in breast milk.

• Sometimes, people are given _____ or infusions of __________that can help them fight off diseases.

Passive Immunity• Passive immunity is when the body

is not making antibodies or memory cells, but you are still immune from certain pathogens.

• Babies have passive immunity because antibodies pass across the placenta during development and are in breast milk.

• Sometimes, people are given _____ or infusions of __________that can help them fight off diseases.

Passive Immunity• Passive immunity is when the body

is not making antibodies or memory cells, but you are still immune from certain pathogens.

• Babies have passive immunity because antibodies pass across the placenta during development and are in breast milk.

• Sometimes, people are given shots or infusions of __________that can help them fight off diseases.

Passive Immunity• Passive immunity is when the body

is not making antibodies or memory cells, but you are still immune from certain pathogens.

• Babies have passive immunity because antibodies pass across the placenta during development and are in breast milk.

• Sometimes, people are given shots or infusions of antibodies that can help them fight off diseases.

Question

• What is the major difference between active immunity and passive immunity?

Write the answer on your iPad so I can see it.

.

.