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The Immune System
• The First Lines of Defense:– Skin– Antimicrobial proteins– Cilia– Gastric Juice– Symbiotic bacteria – your ‘microbiome’
This is directly from the Cliffs book . . .so make sure you read that
• Second Line of Defense– Phagocytes– Complement – promote cell lysis– Interferons - ‘interfere’ with viral reproduction– Inflammatory response• Histamine• Vasodilation• Phagocytes• Complement
Immune Response
• The Third Line of Defense:– This targets specific antigens – any molecule that
can be identified as foreign
Major Histocompatibility Complex
• The MHC allows the immune system to differentiate between self and non-self cells.
- Made up of glycoproteins- Found on the membranes of all body cells - 20 genes code for these; unlikely that
two people have the same set
Lymphocytes!
• Primary Agent of the Immune Response– B Cells – originate and mature in the Bone Marrow – Respond to antigens through antigen receptors
called antibodies• Y shaped proteins, 5 different classes
5 Classes of Antibodies
T cells• Lymphocytes that originate in the bone marrow
but mature in the thymus gland
– Have antigen receptors, but they are not antibodies
– You should read up on the additional information . . .
Responses of the Immune System-1.CELL MEDICATED2.HUMORAL
• Cell-mediated response– Uses T cells to respond to any non self cell,
including cells invaded by pathogens.
Cell Mediated Response
The Humeral Response
• Involves most cells and responds to antigens or pathogens
- B cells produce plasma cells- B cells produce memory cells- Macrophage and helper T cells
stimulate the production of additional B cells
Why aren’t we dead?
• 1. Antibodies
• 2. Vaccines
• 3. Passive Immunity – placenta, breast milk