The importance of Egypt's Nile

The paper reveals

CURRENT AND FUTURE GNSS AND THEIR AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

GNSS in short GPS GLONASSnear future - 2015 GALILEO Compass navigation

system

In the futureQuasi-Zenith Satellite System(QZZS) - JapanIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) - India

Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS)

WAAS : Wide Area Augmentation System - USA

EGNOS : European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service – esa

MSAS : Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System – Japan

QZSS : Quasi-Zenith Satellite System – Japan

GAGAN: GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation – India

SDCM : System for Differential Correction and Monitoring – Russia

system that supports wide-area or regional augmentation through the use ofadditional satellite-broadcast messages. Such systems are commonly composed ofmultiple ground stations, located at accurately-surveyed points. The ground stationstake measurements of one or more of the GNSS satellites, the satellite signals, orother environmental factors which may impact the signal received by the users.

Accuracy

Continuity

IntegrityImprove & Insure For existingGNSS

Nixt

The GLONASS System

Currently, the only other fully functional GNSS, GLONASS, is developedand maintained by the Russian government. It was created in 1976 andhas undergone various transformations and restorations. In late 2011,the system was restored to its complete capacity of 24 satellites, whichare located on 3 orbital planes with an inclination of 48° from theequator. The Russian government has been promoting the civilian useof GLONASS, requiring the production of GLONASS compatible vehiclesby car manufacturers starting from early 2011. Like GPS, GLONASStransmits on L1 and L2 bands.

The GALILEO System

Galileo is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) currently being built bythe European Union (EU) and European Space Agency (ESA), intended forcivilian use only. A defining characteristic of Galileo is that, unlike GPS andGLONASS, it was conceived and developed and will always remain undercivilian control. While European independence has been a key goal behindthe creation of the new system, Galileo is nevertheless 100% interoperablewith GPS and GLONASS, making it a fully integrated new element in theworldwide global navigation satellite system, a powerful cornerstone that willallow more accurate and more reliable positioning, even in high-rise citieswhere buildings can obscure signals.

Galileo will form an important element ofMEOSAR, “the Medium Earth Orbit Search andRescue system” and thus a key contributor toCOSPAS-SARSAT, the international satellite-basedsearch and rescue distress alert detection andinformation distribution system .

Galileo Current and planned signals Structure

E1 (1559~1594 MHz),

E6 (1260~1300 MHz),

E5a (1164~1188 MHz)

E5b (1195~1219 MHz).

The search-and-rescue downlink signal is transmitted by the Galileo satellites in the frequency range of between 1544 and 1545 MHz

The European Satellite Navigation System & EGNOS

EGNOS is the first European SBAS, which enhances the performances of the existingsatellite navigation systems (GPS and GLONASS).EGNOS is currently operational: the EGNOS Service Provider has been certified during

July 2010

EGNOS entered into operation for Safety of Life in March 2011.

EGNOS signal is transmitted on the same signal frequency band and modulation asthe GPS L1 (1575.42 MHz) C/A civilian signal function. While the GPS consists ofpositioning and timing signals generated from spacecraft orbiting the Earth, thusproviding a global service

EGNOS provides correction and integrity information intended to improve positioningnavigation services over Europe.

EGNOS could easily spread the facility of its service to the African region with someadaptations and the sole installation of ground facilities (stations) on the Africanterritory.

The Benefits of EGNOS in Africa in Maritime, and other user Domains

EGNOS services have positive impacts in maritime applications and transportdomains, such as land management surveying, maritime safety along the shoresand in approaching ports, rail transportation, and in the oil and mining industry.

Enabling RIS (River Information Systems) and increasing efficiency and safety withrespect to the current situation, SBAS could contribute to the development ofAfrican inland waterways

GNSS Applications in Inland Waterways

• Fairway Information Services (FIS)“one-way information from shore to ship”by standardized Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC)

• Traffic Information Service “ TTI & STI”

River Information System (RIS)

River Information Services' (RIS) main tasks consists in the electronic position recording of all vessels in the system and their display on an electronic navigational chart, known as the Inland ECDIS.This task is achieved via the efficient use of “satellite positioning”, radio data transmission and adjusted visualization.

• Inland ECDIS

• Inland AIS

• Inland AIS on Aids to Navigation (AtoN)“this virtual A toN’s Nav-aids may be displayed on an ECDIS chartand might be used to mark a wreck, or to mark a fairway in poorvisibility conditions where buoys won’t last, and to mark adangerous area or no go areas”.

Nile riverFacts about the Nile river: The Nile is a major north-flowing river in

northeastern Africa. The Nile Basin covers about 10 per cent of the

African land mass and hosts nearly 20 per cent of the African population

River Nile is one of the oldest rivers in the history Nile receives its name from the Greek “Neilos”,

which means a valley or river valley It is approximately 6,853 km long, 3126 km in

Egypt Nile is actually longer than South America's

Amazon.

Importance of NAVIGATION IN EGYPT'S NILE

Existing the barges fleet uses in cargo transportation and the tourists through the river Nile

In less than a decade, 600 million tons of goods will need to be transported inside Egypt annually

country must cope with such a large rise in traffic of cargo Nile has great importance because it will reduce the load on “road

transportation system” with the drastically increased of population

The importance of improving EGYPT'S NILE

way of cargo transportation and tourismGoods needs to be transported inside EgyptReduce the load on “road transportation system”Reduce the ever increasing overcrowding on Egyptian motorwaysDecrease in the air pollution and overall transport cost.Increasing the investmentCreation of job opportunities financed by new businesses based on rural cities.

Number of workingunits Type of Units 2 Floating winches 2899 passengers48 Research units1247 Single cargo units111 Double cargo units40 Service units3 Sounding boats 296 Tourist Service boats357 Towing units

5003 Total unitsWorking river Nile units fleet of different type and different operators

About 45 Nile ports

River Navigation

Navigation Problems in the river Nile

Lack of experience among boat navigators The absence of the suitable navigational aids and landmarks change in the level of the river bed, the navigational information of the

channels is not well defined, and continues change of the water level“the variation of water levels, along the River Nile from Old Aswan Damto Delta Barrages are the significance problems that faces the navigationin river Nile.

Improvement sequences of river Nile navigation

Defining the shore line of the river. Production of River Navigational Charts. Installation of aids to navigation, which

includes; Watermarks and land mark Institution of control centers.

Establish continuous follow system upon the navigational channels

Creation of navigation traffic system. Creation planes for the operation of the

navigational channels.

GNSS Applications for Inland Waterways

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology has evolved over thepast years and allowed for expansion into a wide range of sectors, includinginland water navigation. It analyses the factors that are driving of GNSSapplications in inland water navigation and tracking.

The demand on the GNSS applications “RIS” is highly recommended innavigation and tracking in Egypt's Nile, due to its importance, representinga huge economic gain in terms of Nile transportation services provision;contribute to solving the problem of traffic overcrowding and reduce roadsaccidents, saving lives, and leaving the network of main roads for privatecars .