THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONChapter 7 and 8

BELL RINGER -10/29 List technology that has changed the way

society and economics operated over the past 10 years.

Describe what life would be like without these.

REVOLUTION BEGINS Shifted the way people worked

Human/animal power

Water and steam power Industrial revolution – era of the rise of

power-driven machinery

FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT Exploration and colonialism – provided many

raw materials and new markets

Seapower – bring in raw materials

Political stability – country at peace

Government support – laws favoring businesses

Growth of private investment – private business funding

AGRICULTURAL CHANGES Improvements (research and development)

Breeding methods More varieties of crops More food = increase in population

Enclosure movement – combining of smaller fields to create larger farms

forced poor farmers to the city

FACTORS OF PRODUCTION – ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS A COUNTRY NEEDS TO ACHIEVE ECONOMIC SUCCESS

Factors of Production Land Labor Capital

What it means

How it was an advantage

INVENTION PATENT PROJECT

As members of the Court of Appeals, you will be assigned one of the inventions to discuss.

As a group, you will keep written documentation explaining your decision.

Fill out the form based on the information presented by the inventors, not personal opinion.

Good Luck!

TEXTILES Weaving used to be a cottage industry Supply of both cotton and wool increased,

therefore increased demand for cloth America/slavery profitable Machines took over for cottage industry,

putting people out of work Factories built to house new machines (near

water sources)

STEAM POWER First steam machines were slow Improved by James Watt Factories used steam, no longer need steady

supply of water Moved closer to people and supplies Steam powered transportation

Locomotive Ships/boats

Needed fuel to heat water = coal Factories build near coal mines

THE SPINNING JENNY - 1764

THE FLYING SHUTTLE - 1733

WATT’S STEAM ENGINE - 1775

INDUSTRY AND THE WEST

Key to industry = freedom of economic activity Democratic governments (more freedoms) Competition is good

U.S. Industry Hamilton argued it would help U.S. gain

economic independence from G.B. Samuel Slater brought Arkwright’s machine

design to U.S. Francis Cabot Lowell build first all-in-one mill

SPREAD TO EUROPE AND ASIA

Belgium next – William Cockerill

France plagued by political unrest. Mid 1800s industrialized

Germany lacked central government. Railways helped industry grow.

Japan industrialized 1860s under modernization of Meiji government

China, Russia, and India industrialized 1900s

Europe Asia

QUESTIONS FOR PRIMARY SOURCES What are the conditions being

described/pictured?

How did the Industrial Revolution lead to these conditions?

What are the effects on the living and working conditions based on the sources?

What recommendation would you give to address this issue?

Life Before Industrial Revolution

Life During Industrial RevolutionCauses

for change

NEW ECONOMY Factories required large amounts of capital 3 tiered system

Wealthy businessmen – invest and own Employees to run and supervise Employees to run machines

Little incentive to work hard Plentiful workers Women and children (pay less) Luddite movement – riots of unhappy cottage

workers who destroyed factories

CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS Government didn’t want to interfere with

business Workers formed labor unions – organizations

representing workers’ interests Organized strikes British parliament banned unions and strikes Pressure from public

Sadler Report

MASS PRODUCTION American System

Mass production – system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

Interchangeable parts – identical machine made parts

Assembly line – each worker performs one step in the manufacturing process

Advantages – dramatic increase in production; costs went down; more affordable

Disadvantages – repetitious jobs

NEW ECONOMIC IDEAS

Laissez-faire – governments shouldn’t control trade

Market systems where economy is free from restrictions

British government agreed

Concerned about population growth

Population would grow faster than food production

Only curbed by war, disease, and famine

Poverty would never go away

Britain used to justify limited charity

Adam Smith Thomas Malthus

NEW BUSINESS LEADERS Entrepreneurs – someone who starts a new

business Pooled money to create large corporations Began to buy and sell companies for profit Famous examples include

Andrew Carnegie – steel Cornelius Vanderbilt – railroads John D. Rockefeller – oil

Major contributions Criticized for harsh treatment of workers

No strikes/unions

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONSCarnegie Worksheet: What were the positive and negative impacts

that Carnegie had as a business leader? What do you think his most important legacy

is and why?

Communist Manifest Worksheet: Based on this excerpt, what is Marx and

Engels’ definition of communism? Do you think the original theory is used or

interpreted the same today? Explain.

SOCIALISM Distresses upon working class families Socialism - a political and economic system

in which society, usually in the form of government, owns the means of production

common distribution to all In this utopian society, workers

Use abilities for the good of society Everyone's needs would be met

Robert Owen – created New Lanark and New Harmony after this idea

NEW LANARK, SCOTLAND

New Harmony, Indiana

NEW SOCIALISM Industrial capitalism caused more harm

than good The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx

and Friedrich Engels Blamed industrial capitalism for hardships

Communism - economic and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning; without social classes

All history is the history of class struggle Two groups constantly opposed

Bourgeoisie – middle class Proletariat – working class

Oppressors controlled production and workers Struggle would lead to a violent revolution Oppressed (proletariat) would overthrow the

oppressors and establish a dictatorship Create a classless society

New Socialism (cont.)

TYPES OF SYSTEMS Communism – economic and political system in

which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning; without social classes

Socialism – a political and economic system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns the means of production

Utopianism – a ideal society in which poverty and social evils are eliminated

Capitalism – an economic system in which most businesses are privately owned

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS explain how each aimed to change or

benefit society could this theory work today? why or

why not?capitalism utopianism socialism communism