The Industrial Revolution

A. What is it?B. What led to it?C. What do you need?D. Why England?E. The Textile Industry

A. What is it?• A period in time

when machines started to produce (make) goods (products) instead of people

• Before the IR – all goods were made by hand

• The Industrial Revolution began in England

• It began in the late 1700’s

• It eventually spreads around the world

• It will change the way people will live their lives

• People will no longer all be farmers

• They will now have a variety of jobs and be living in cities

• What type of revolution is this? Social, Political or Economic?

B. What led to it?• Agricultural Revolution – when farmers changed the

way they farmed to produce more food with less labor

• Land owners no longer needed as many farmers to farm the land

• Changes to society: – Enclosed the land (put

fences around it)– Increased the food supply– Led to a decrease in the

death rate

C. What do you need?

• Factors of production: resources needed to make something– Land (to produce materials)

Ex: If you want to make a T-Shirtyou need cotton

– Labor (workers)– Capital (money)

• Entrepreneurs – Businessmen who are willing to take a risk and begin something new.

D. Why England?

• England (Britain) is where the IR begins

• Land (geography) – provided resources:– Coal– Iron Ore– Water (Rivers &

Natural Harbors)

• Labor – Because of the enclosure movement, people were no longer farming.

• England had a lot of people moving to cities to look for work in the new factories.

• Capital – Money needed to buy or build the machines for industrialization.

• England’s trade overseas with their empire provided money to invest in businesses.

• Entrepreneurs – The businessmen.

• England was not involved in the Napoleonic wars for a long time

• People were free to start business and the government was willing to protect these businesses.

E. The Textile Industry

• Textiles = Cloth

• 1st industry to industrialize – growing demand for

clothes– Inventions– Energy revolution