The Industrial Revolution

Formative Questions

• Question1: Survey your group…pick a presenter…and tell me what you group feel is the top 3 inventions EVER for mankind.

• Question 2: If you could improve any one invention, which one would improve and what would you add?

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Efficiency: Efficiency: 1) Common lands are fenced off for 1) Common lands are fenced off for

efficiency; Add: Enclosure efficiency; Add: Enclosure Movement!Movement!

2) Landowners received more profit; 2) Landowners received more profit; 3) More investment capital, which is 3) More investment capital, which is

money to invest in labor, machines, money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials.and raw materials.

Who profited in early Industrial Who profited in early Industrial Revolution?Revolution?

The aristocracy and the middle class The aristocracy and the middle class (landowners).(landowners).

Reasons for Industrial RevolutionReasons for Industrial RevolutionWhy Great Britain (GB)?Why Great Britain (GB)? • 1.Great Britain had rich 1.Great Britain had rich

supplies of raw materials (iron supplies of raw materials (iron and coal) . Rivers…and coal) . Rivers…

• Who else had these natural Who else had these natural resources?:resources?:

• The US and France. The US and France. 2. GB possessed a large pool of 2. GB possessed a large pool of

workers (5 million people in workers (5 million people in 1700 to 9 million in 1800). Lots 1700 to 9 million in 1800). Lots of entrepreneurs (middle class).of entrepreneurs (middle class).

3. More here because of less strife 3. More here because of less strife and since it is an island nation and since it is an island nation with a parliament, less gov’t with a parliament, less gov’t interference. (STABLE govt.)interference. (STABLE govt.)

Let’s Review kids!:

• 1. What did the landowners do to increase their profits?

• Where did the I.R. start?

• What were the Four factors that made the I.R. possible?

• What was a natural resource that would be greatly needed for FUEL for factory machines? What resource is needed to build strong machines?

Textile Innovation 1Textile Innovation 1stst in IR. in IR.• TheThe textile industry saw many textile industry saw many

innovations:innovations:““Flying Shuttle” (John Kay 1733)Flying Shuttle” (John Kay 1733)Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves

1760’s)1760’s)Water Frame (Richard Arkwright Water Frame (Richard Arkwright

1768) huge spinning machine that 1768) huge spinning machine that ran continually on waterpowerran continually on waterpower

Power Loom (Edmund Cartwright Power Loom (Edmund Cartwright 1778) 1778)

Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney 1793)Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney 1793)Steam Engine (James Watt 1760’s)…Steam Engine (James Watt 1760’s)…

John Kay’s Flying Shuttle

Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves

Water Frame by Richard Arkwright:

Power Loom by Edmund Cartwright

Cotton Gin by Eli…?

Textile InnovationTextile Innovation• …Conversion of iron to steel known

as the Bessemer process (William Kelly and Henry Bessemer mid-1800’s), (made stronger machine parts)!

• Steam boat trade (Robert Fulton 1807) also British Richard Trevithick’s steam carriage 1801. used to transport new IR goods)

• Why were people more dependent on textile mills?….machinery was too big for the home. *(No More DOMESTIC SYSTEM which meant working from home)

VLA Reviews! Create a Web of details (5+) for each:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pWLZPo5_RA

• Textile Inventions:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpwaVqTFteo

Do you really need all the stuff you buy?

W Up: 1. Survey your group will there always be rich vs poor people in

the world? Why or why not?2. Is making tons of money and KEEPING it to yourself wrong?

Should the rich have to give some of their money to poor

people? (redistribute wealth?)

GB’s Quick Growth• Industrial Capitalism:

Continually expanding factories or investing in new business.

• Interchangeable Parts: Invented by Eli Whitney this process made machine-made parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled.

GB’s Quick Growth (con.)• Division of Labor: Frederick

Taylor’s plan to divide tasks into detailed and specialized segments.

• An economic system where workers were hired to complete a specialized task in a moving line.

• Henry Ford devised the assembly line to mass produce the early automobile in 1913.

Division of Labor:

Making BusinessMaking Business • Stock is sold when a corporation Stock is sold when a corporation

wants to sell an interest in their wants to sell an interest in their company. People who buy stock company. People who buy stock (or stockholders) hope that that (or stockholders) hope that that company’s profits rise, company’s profits rise, increasing the price of their increasing the price of their stock. stock.

• Business cycles in countries are Business cycles in countries are dependent on the diversity of a dependent on the diversity of a country’s economy, and allow country’s economy, and allow people to predict how severe people to predict how severe “boom” or depression phases “boom” or depression phases will be. will be.

Stocks: What do you think you should invest in today? Survey

your group?

Other Inventions • Communication improved Communication improved

with Samuel Morse’s with Samuel Morse’s telegraph (Morse code) in telegraph (Morse code) in the 1830’s…the 1830’s…

• ……then improved upon by the then improved upon by the Gulielmo Marconi wireless Gulielmo Marconi wireless telegraph (1895)…telegraph (1895)…

• ……then improved upon when then improved upon when the telephone was invented in the telephone was invented in 1876 by Alex Graham Bell. 1876 by Alex Graham Bell. Originally for the deaf.Originally for the deaf.

Other Inventions (con.)• Michael Faraday (electric motor) Michael Faraday (electric motor)

saw how electricity acts in a cooper saw how electricity acts in a cooper wire, which led Thomas Edison to wire, which led Thomas Edison to invent such an electric item as the invent such an electric item as the light bulb.light bulb.

• Rudolf Diesel developed the oil Rudolf Diesel developed the oil burning internal combustion engine burning internal combustion engine in late 1800’s. (Gottlieb Daimler in late 1800’s. (Gottlieb Daimler also redesigned the internal also redesigned the internal combustion engine in the 1880’s) combustion engine in the 1880’s) 

• Many byproducts needed to Many byproducts needed to support the Industrial Revolution support the Industrial Revolution from fuel (oil and gas) to rubber for from fuel (oil and gas) to rubber for wheels to wood for building.wheels to wood for building.

IR Overview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AT-ToV5heso

• IR Vla: Web it!: I.R. Docu: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrmax07bxyQ

• Child Labor:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuJen1vZSmA

• Chapter 12 Review: IN your groups or solo, create a top 10 questions plus answers to key terms, inventions and causes of the Industrial Revolution. OR >>> Put those top 10 facts to know into a clever designed MOVIE POSTER with 2 to 4 visual detaion the IR>>..Be ready to share…

Chapter 13Cultural Revolution• Different types of Different types of

economics: economics: • 1) laissez faire (pure 1) laissez faire (pure

capitalism)—a policy capitalism)—a policy allowing business to operate allowing business to operate without interference from without interference from government. government.

• What are the positives of What are the positives of this system? It encourages this system? It encourages competition and lessened competition and lessened regulations. regulations. 

Capitalism Defined

• Definition of CAPITALISM

• : an economic system characterized by PRIVATE or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

• Summary: Private citizens and businesses control the economy….

Adam Smith

Positive Laissez Faire: Positive Laissez Faire: • Adam Smith was the Scottish Adam Smith was the Scottish

economist that mapped out economist that mapped out laissez faire policy. laissez faire policy.

• He wrote The Wealth of Nations He wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776) which promoted the (1776) which promoted the virtues of competition for the virtues of competition for the greater good. (the more greater good. (the more competition, the cheaper the competition, the cheaper the product, the best buy for the product, the best buy for the consumer, and business consumer, and business expandsexpands everyone profits everyone profits.)

Malthus: • Negative Laissez Faire: Thomas Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population states that population will surely outpace output, which will cause famine and poverty.

• David Ricardo believed that intense competition (between businesses and laborers for jobs) would lead to lower wages and high unemployment. (Survival of the fittest spin to this, the poor had to act frugally and have less children and work harder for jobs)

SocialismSocialism• Different types of economics: Different types of economics:

2) Socialism (controlled 2) Socialism (controlled capitalism) or the belief that capitalism) or the belief that the means of production the means of production (capital, land, raw materials, (capital, land, raw materials, and factories) should be and factories) should be owned and controlled by owned and controlled by society and govt. society and govt.

• Competition was the root of Competition was the root of all evil. Robert Owen sought all evil. Robert Owen sought cooperation with this cooperation with this philosophy, setting up philosophy, setting up cooperative social modeled cooperative social modeled factories in New Harmony factories in New Harmony (Indiana 1825) and New (Indiana 1825) and New Lanark (Scotland 1800).Lanark (Scotland 1800).

Socialism Defintion:

• 2

• a: a system of society or group living in which there is no private property

• b: a system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state

• (STATE CONTROLS MAJOR BUSINESS)

Karl Marx• Different types of economics: 3) Different types of economics: 3)

Communism (anti-capitalism) or the Communism (anti-capitalism) or the belief that the class system would wither belief that the class system would wither away into a classless society through away into a classless society through revolution. revolution.

• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels authored the most famous Communist authored the most famous Communist writing the writing the Communist ManifestoCommunist Manifesto (1848)(later Das Kapital). The lead line from this work states that "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle." Proletariat? vs capitalists.

Definition of Communism

• 1. a system of social organization in which ALL economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party.

Let’s Review: In groups:• 1. What are the three main types of economic policy?• 2. Which one does our country follow?• 3. Could your group all share ALL of your belongings

for one week without arguments or someone refusing to share? Who decides who gets what?

• 4. Should we set up a grading policy where the class all earns the same Averaged class grade? Why or why not? Ie: class average was a 78% so all get that in powerschool…which system is this most like?

VLA: Political groups explained

• Which you want to live under?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIPDJ1Cc_uw

• LIST all systems mentioned.

Bentham and Mill• Different types of economics: 4) Jeremy Bentham advocated

utilitarianism, which is the idea that society should work for the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Reforms would result making society and all its civil services better.

John Stuart Mill called on government to distribute national wealth more justly through taxing income.

Science and Innovation • Cell theory: What is it? Cell theory: What is it?

And why is it importantAnd why is it important? ________________________

• Why was cell theory so Why was cell theory so important to Charles important to Charles Darwin? Darwin? ________________________

• The theory that all plants and animals descended from a common single cell ancestor over millions of years is known as evolution. Single cellComplex organisms.

Charles Darwin

• Charles Darwin developed a theory of evolution based on natural selection…like Mathus, in On the Origins of Species, Darwin believed that animal groups increase faster than food supplies.

• Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk (pea plants) In the 1860’s, this man wondered how plants and animals passed characteristics from one generation to another. He concluded that this was done by the passage of small particles, later known as genes.

• Genetics--the science of heredity.

Darwinism

Create a WEB or list of 5 +details relating to Evolution…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GNUlZhE_jE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhHOjC4oxh8

Medicine• Edward Jenner (late

1700’s): _created first vaccination (for small pox)_______________ 

• French chemist Louis Pasteur (1850’s) discovered bacteria and proved that they caused infectious diseases…and to avoid them they had to be killed; hence, pasteurization.

Add to Notes: Other Advances in Medical Theory

• 1840s: A Boston dentist used ether to allow patients to feel no pain and sleep through dental work!

• Chloroform : used to create sleep in patients

• Joseph Lister: used carbolic acid to sterilize medical instruments (less people died from infections after surgery)

Breakthroughs in Physics/The Atom

• Atomic theory--is the idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

• The atomic theory was proved by the English chemist John Dalton, who found all elements contain atoms, also was further understood when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays (electrons).

Atomic Energy

• Marie Curie and Pierre Curie both collaborated to discover that radium emitted energy.

• This influenced Albert Einstein’s work and the basis for the atomic bomb.

• Marie Curie died in 1934 from leukemia, almost certainly due to her massive exposure to radiation in her work. Pierre died in a a carriage accident.

Social Science• Social Science and

psychology were two new forms of academic study in the 1800’s explain each and who believed in each one?

Sociology—the study of human behavior. (GROUPS)

Psychology—the science of human behavior in individuals.

Add to Notes:

• Key people in Social Sciences• Sigmund Freud: unconscious mind governs

human behavior, led to psychoanalysis (to discover people’s motives)

• Ivan Pavlov: experimented with dogs to discover unconscious responses to outside stimuli. (rang a bell when feeding them.. Then just rang the bell..)

• Auguste Comte: a founder of sociology: believed society operated by certain laws

VLAs: Create a die roll list/chain or web of details!

• Dr. Sigmund Freud: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1ya3HFN2bM

• Pavlov’s Dog: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRrBsoU3PVI

• Psych experiment. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJIdVOAh2zA Curie: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIIC2KYoAEo

Chap 13 Cultural RevWrap(Rap) up Activity OR hw:

• Use your chapter 13 notes and create a LIST of Your top 10 FACTS/events or people to KNOW from chapter 13 and INCLUDE 2 to 3 details per fact or Person.

• 15 min

Chap 12 and 13 Assessments:• Chapter 12 : Use your notes to create YOUR

OWN TOP 20 Questions and ANSWERS to know on the INDUSTRIAL RV.,. MUST include the 4 Factors required to start an IR! AND INCLUDE AN IMAGE representing some ASPECT of the IR.

• Chapter 13: USe your notes to create a Cultural Rev MOVIE POSter with a minimum of 20 Key points from facts from the chapter 13 Notes…Include all people and their beliefs! (Completed for hw)