The Industrial Revolution

* What was it???* What was it???

Agriculture = farming

Industrial - factories

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in the U.S. around 1800 in the Northern states because…

1. Northern soil poor for farming and the climate was too cold to grow cash crops.

(Subsistence Farming: growing barely enough food to feed your family!)

2. Northern states had many rushing rivers = waterpower for factories.

Texas remained agricultural because…

1. Soil and climate good for farming in East and South Texas.

2. Few rushing rivers for a power source.

3. West Texas too dry!

The Industrial Revolution required the invention of new machines and technology.

Technology is any invention that simplifies work.

1st BIG Industrial Invention

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin which was a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton. Farm production increased dramatically.

Because more cotton could now be grown …

More textile industries are needed –(factories in the North that produced clothing and cloth items from cotton)

FactoriesFactory System: -a system bringing

manufacturing steps together under one roof or in one place.

Most early factory employees were women and children working LONG hours.

Irish Immigrant Girls working in a factory.

Irish Immigrant Girls working in a factory.

2nd BIG Industrial Invention

Interchangeable parts -identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product.

* Importance of Interchangeable parts:

Mass production of a Variety of Goods

So…Prices reduced

NorthernTextile

Centers:

1830s

NorthernTextile

Centers:

1830s

The Cotton Gin’s Impact on Slavery

The demand for southern cotton grew dramatically because of the cotton gin and the increased number of textile mills in the north that needed cotton.

More northern textile mills =

more southern slaves!

Brief Summary of the Plantation System

East Texas Plantation Home Large plantations werecomprised of several thousand acres.

Plantation owners had slaves to do

all the work. Some worked

in the house, some were trained as blacksmiths, carpenters, shoe

makers, or weavers, and others

worked with animals in pastures.

However, most worked

long hours in the fields.

* cotton gin=

• higher demand for cotton =

• More textile mills in north=

• More slaves in south to work plantations

Which leads to…

Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization

•NORTH Industrial (urban = cities)

* SOUTH Agricultural (rural=farms)

American Population Centers in 1860… largest cities in the

Northern states

American Population Centers in 1860… largest cities in the

Northern states

More People with more products to sell NEED…

Better…Faster…Cheaper…Safer

Transporationto carry manufactured goods from

the North to sell other places!

Transportation

Because the nation needed good inland roads for travel and for the shipment of goods, private companies built turnpikes or toll roads.

http://www.firstshotphoto.com/images/BIRDSELL_1.jpg

http://www.firstshotphoto.com/_borders/doctors%20buggy%20spivey.jpg

Then we began to use River Travel

PRO• More comfortable

than horse & buggy• Get ALL goods on

barges & float direction of current

CON

Upstream against current – slow going!

The Steamboat(could sail upriver against current)

Robert Fulton -developed the first steamboat in 1807; named “Clermont”

***Early steamboats easily blew up because there were no regulations on who could run steamboats and the boilers that created steam had no safety valve to stop overheating and slow pressure***

Transportation in Texas was very difficult because…

1. of the state's extraordinary size and sometimes difficult terrain, and

2. few connecting rivers*** One of the more unusual experiments in US

transportation history was the use of camels in southwestern Texas during the mid-1800s.

The

Railroads

Connect America!

• A railroad is a system of transportation made up of trains, tracks, stations, and other equipment. Railroads could carry large cargo over great distances in a single trip so…• Better…Faster…Cheaper…Safer!

The “Iron Horse” (1830)The “Iron Horse” (1830)

1830 13 miles of RR track in U.S. 1850 9000 mi. 1860 31,000 mi.

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

p Immigrant laborbuilt the N. RRs.

p Slave laborbuilt the S. RRs.

p Chinese labor built the W. RRs.

• After the Texas Revolution, the government of the Republic of Texas recognized the potential that railroads offered to the huge Texas frontier.

• Texas began construction on its first railroad in the 1840s. However little progress was made until shortly after Texas became a state and the U.S. government increased construction.

• Other Industrial Revolution Inventions that impacted the

United States…and of course Texas…

• Samuel Morse invented the telegraph which sent messages via the Morse code. A message could be sent long distances in seconds over wire lines instead of weeks/months overland.

• John Deere invented the steel-tipped plow. It cut easily into the dirt to make rows for quicker

planting.

• Cyrus McCormick designed a mechanical reaper (harvester). Previously, farmers used hand-held sickles to cut wheat and hay.

All of the inventions from the Industrial Revolution were designed to make the…

1. movement of people, 2. manufacture of products, 3. growing of crops to sell…

Better…Faster…Cheaper…Safer!