The Integration The Integration of of

Bathymetry, Topography, and ShorelineBathymetry, Topography, and Shorelineand and

the Vertical Datum Transformations Behind itthe Vertical Datum Transformations Behind it

Charting and Mapping the Land-Sea Interface

Coast Survey Development Laboratory, Office of Coast Survey, National Ocean Service, NOAA

Some Problems with Charting and Mapping the U.S. Coastal Zone

“95,000 miles of Coastline !”

Outdated data ( and low resolution)- bathymetry (NOS) [outside the navigation channels]- topography (USGS)

NOAA and USGS products do not match[especially the shoreline]

Difficulty measuring a consistently defined shoreline

Limited resources for new data (95,000 miles!)

Incompatibility between data sets from local sources (e.g., federal, state, county, city)

A geospatial reference frame for other coastal data sets that is less consistent and accurate than is needed

Affecting a variety of coastal applications (in addition to navigation products):

-- hurricane evacuation planning -- permitting -- local, state, and national boundaries-- habitat restoration -- shoreline change analysis -- assessing and determining setback lines-- erosion, accretion, renourishment -- natural hazards

Applications for Integrated Bathymetric/Topographic/Shoreline

• Hurricane evacuation planning

• Permitting

• Assessing and determining setback lines

• Determining local, state, and national boundaries

• Habitat restoration

• Erosion, accretion, nourishment

• Shoreline Change Analysis

• Analyzing storm impacts

• Analyzing environmental and natural resources

• Emergency Response and Impact Assessment

• Navigation Products and Services

Florida Marine Spill Analysis System

Habitat Assessment

Marine Boundaries in the U.S.

Inconsistency between shorelines on NOAA and USGS products

Inconsistent Shorelines

NOAA Shoreline

plotted on a USGS Topo Sheet

“the beginning”

The Tampa Bay The Tampa Bay Bathymetric/Topographic Bathymetric/Topographic

Demonstration ProjectDemonstration Project

Mapping the Land-Sea Interface

Partners:

NOS:OCS, NGS, CSC, CO-OPS

USGS:NMD (incl. EROS Data Ctr)

Others: UNH, FMRI, users

Except for in and around thenavigation channels,the bathymetric dataare from the 1950s.

This is typical all around the country. In the nearshore areas the data are old.

NOS needs to be ableto take advantageof other data sources.

NOS Bathymetric DataNOS Bathymetric Data

USGS Topographic DataUSGS Topographic Data

The original topographicdata for the Tampa Bayarea are also primarily fromthe 1950s, with some 1960sand early 1970s data.

This is also typical all around the country. In many areas the topographic data are old.

In addition to the April 1999 airborne photogrammetry and the SPIN2 satellite data, shoreline data sets will be derived (and inter-compared) from: airborne lidar data, airborne hyperspectral data, IKONOS satellite data, SAR data, and SHOALS (bathymetric lidar) data.

High-Resolution Up-to-Date Shoreline from various Airborne and Satellite Techniques in Tampa Bay (NGS/RSD)

NOS Shoreline DataNOS Shoreline Data

For some areas the shoreline data are much more recent, but shoreline measurement has its own special problems.

Nautical Chart1977 Photogrammetry1998 Image from Spin21999 Photogrammetry

Keeping up with changes in Manmade Shoreline

A Different Problem with Shoreline

Satellite images can help spot the changes, but is the resolution good enough for all purposes?

How to cost-effectively map 95,000 miles of U.S. coastline?

Thus, NOS needs to be able to take advantage of other good quality data sources. (“3rd-Party Data”)[as does USGS also]

What prevents NOS from using“3rd-Party Data” ?

- standards- common vertical datums

NOS alone can’t acquire all the new bathymetry needed, and NOS will always have to give priority to navigational channels in ports.

All Bathymetric and Topographic Elevation Data is georeferenced to a Vertical Datum Datums Arise From Relative Measurements, I

Datum A

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All Bathymetric and Topographic Elevation Data is georeferenced to a Vertical Datum Datums Arise From Relative Measurements, II

Discontinuity between A & B

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All Bathymetric and Topographic ElevationData is georeferenced to a Vertical Datum Datums Arise From Relative Measurements, III

When Datums Match

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(All elevations are now consistent)

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Integrated Bathy/Topo Model

NOAA Bathymetry

USGS Topography

Slice through historical bathymetric data that wastransformed to the ellipsoid (red curve)

compared with January 2000 transectreferenced to the ellipsoid(blue curve).

Validating the datumtransformation with newGPS-referenced bathymetric data

Airborne Lidar Mapping

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)Fly Water-penetrating bathymetric LIDAR near High Water, e.g. SHOALS.

MLLW

MHW

Fly topographic LIDAR near Low Water.

Cover intertidal zone

ATM LIDAR

USGS DOQ

Lidar in and landward of the intertidal zone

- transformation of Lidar DEM to MHW datum to produce MHW shoreline using VDatum (with tidal datums from hydrodynamic model).

- for the zone where the transformed topographic data meets the transformed bathymetric data

Univ. of FL LIDAR

MHW Shoreline Produced from LIDAR

T-Sheet MHW

shoreline

16,000 points

MHW (LIDAR)(1996)

T-Sheet (1977)

NOAA Chart 11417

1:80,000

= 40mTampa Bay

LIDAR data from the University of Florida transformed to the MHW datum using VDatum.

1m GRID

MHW Shoreline Produced from LIDAR

NOAA T-Sheet MHW shoreline

(1977)

0 m contour is MHW shoreline (1996)

1m GRID

Old Tampa Bay

LIDAR data from the University of Florida transformed to the MHW datum using VDatum.

MHW Shoreline from LIDAR superimposed on 1m DOQQ

0 m contour (MHW) 1996

NOAA T-Sheet (1977)

Old Tampa Bay

MHW

Time of DOQQ

Man

grov

es

Central California

Lidar data from CSC/USGS/NASA

NAVD88 heights (meters)

NASA ATM II

1m LIDAR DEM

Central California

(just south of entrance to San Francisco)

LIDAR data from CSC / USGS / NASA

Higher High Water High

Water

Lower Low Water

Low Water

MHW

Tidal Datum Fields off the Coast of California

• • MHW tidal datum fields (as well as MHHW, MLW, MLLW, MSL, MTL, DTL) from calibrated hydrodynamic models

• • Analysis of model-produced time series, then adjusted to provide a best fit to datums at NOS gauges.

MHW From 1m LIDAR superimposed on Nautical Chart

Central California Bathy Project

MHW shoreline from 1m LIDAR

LIDAR data from CSC / USGS / NASA

Bluffs

MHW shoreline on NOAA nautical chart 18649

Entrance to San Francisco Bay

http:// chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/bathytopo/

Integrated Bathy/Topo Digital Elevation Model

NOAA Bathymetry

USGS Topography

EllipsoidModel

TidalModel

GeoidModel

National VDatum (Vertical Datum Transform Tool)

Marine Boundaries & Legal Issues

Stateowned

Privately owned

LIDAR

USGS Topo Sheet NOAA Shoreline

RTK-GPS vertical referencing Hydrographic Surveys

Shoreline from LIDAR in the intertidal zone

NOAA-USGS shorelineinconsistencies

NationalBathymetricDatabase

-User-friendly utilization of DEM with new hi-res data in a GIS environment

GIS users in the Coastal Community