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The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System
SKIN
HAIR
NAILS
Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology
cutanecutane/o : skin/o : skin
cyan/o : bluecyan/o : blue
epiepi-- : over, upper: over, upper
erythroerythro-- : red: red
lip/o : fatlip/o : fat
melanmelan/o : black/o : black
subsub-- : under, below: under, below
Terminology PracticeTerminology Practice
liposuction
dermatitis
dermatoplasty
melanoma
cyanotic
subcutaneous
epigastric
erythrocyte
Skin DiagramSkin DiagramDraw and color a cross-section diagram of the Draw and color a cross-section diagram of the
skin. Label and briefly describe each of the skin. Label and briefly describe each of the following structures:following structures:
EpidermisEpidermis ArteryArteryDermisDermis VeinVeinSubcutaneous fasciaSubcutaneous fascia Hair follicleHair follicleSebaceous glandSebaceous gland Hair shaftHair shaftSudoriferous glandSudoriferous gland Arrector pili muscleArrector pili muscleNerveNerve PoresPores
Sebaceous (oil) glandSebaceous (oil) gland
HairHairPorePore
Sudoriferous Sudoriferous (sweat) gland(sweat) gland
NerveNerve
ArteryArtery
Hair follicleHair follicleVeinVein
Arrector pilli Arrector pilli musclemuscle
EpidermisEpidermis
DermisDermis
Sub-Sub-cutaneous cutaneous fasciafascia
Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin
1.1. ProtectionProtection
- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens
- Holds moisture in- Holds moisture in
2.2. Sensory PerceptionSensory Perception
- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch
3.3. Body Temperature RegulationBody Temperature Regulation
- Blood vessels dilate to release heat and - Blood vessels dilate to release heat and
constrict to conserve heatconstrict to conserve heat
- Cool body through evaporation of sweat- Cool body through evaporation of sweat
4.4. StorageStorage
- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts
5.5. AbsorptionAbsorption
- Some medications- Some medications
6.6. ExcretionExcretion
- Salt, excess water, and some wastes - Salt, excess water, and some wastes eliminated through the sweateliminated through the sweat
7.7. ProductionProduction
- Produces Vitamin D- Produces Vitamin D
PigmentationPigmentation
• Melanin: a brownish-black pigment
• Carotene: a yellowish-red pigment
* The amounts of these two pigments determine a person’s skin color
Abnormal Colors of the SkinAbnormal Colors of the Skin• AlbinoAlbino : the absence : the absence
of pigmentationof pigmentation
• ErythemaErythema : reddish : reddish color of skincolor of skin
• JaundiceJaundice : yellow : yellow discoloration of skindiscoloration of skin
CyanosisCyanosis : a bluish discoloration of the skin : a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygendue to a lack of oxygen
Skin EruptionsSkin Eruptions
• MaculesMacules : flat spots : flat spots on the skinon the skin
• PapulesPapules : firm raised : firm raised areasareas
• VesiclesVesicles : fluid-filled : fluid-filled sacs or blisterssacs or blisters
• PustulesPustules : pus-filled : pus-filled sacssacs
• CrustsCrusts : areas of : areas of dried pus and blood dried pus and blood (scabs)(scabs)
• WhealsWheals : itchy, : itchy, elevated areas with an elevated areas with an irregular shapeirregular shape
• UlcerUlcer : a deep loss of : a deep loss of skin surfaceskin surface
Decubitus Ulcers(Bedsores)
• Open sores in the Open sores in the skin and underlying skin and underlying tissues due to tissues due to pressure over a bony pressure over a bony areaarea
• Cuts off the blood Cuts off the blood supply and the tissue supply and the tissue diesdies
DiseasesDiseases
Acne : an inflammation of the sebaceous glands
- Caused by a blockage of the hair follicles with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil, and/or bacteria
AlopeciaAlopecia : baldness; a : baldness; a permanent loss of hair permanent loss of hair on the scalpon the scalp
VerrucaeVerrucae : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface forms on the skin - wartsforms on the skin - warts
- Caused by a viral infection of the skin- Caused by a viral infection of the skin
Skin CancersSkin Cancers : :
- Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to - Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to other areas of bodyother areas of body
Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma
Skin CancersSkin Cancers- Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body
and be fataland be fatal
Malignant MelanomaMalignant Melanoma
Signs of Malignant MelanomaSigns of Malignant Melanoma
AAsymmetrical in shapesymmetrical in shape
BBorders of lesion are scalloped or irregularorders of lesion are scalloped or irregular
CColors are varied – black, brown, white, redolors are varied – black, brown, white, red
DDiameter is larger than a pencil eraseriameter is larger than a pencil eraser