The International Hydrological Programme

(IHP)

Intergovernmental scientific programme onIntergovernmental scientific programme on Water Resources of the

UN systemy

* Created in 1975 after the International Hydrological Decade

* Member States define needs and plans of phases

* Growing emphasis on management and social aspects Growing emphasis on management and social aspects

Water Resources are recognized as aWater Resources are recognized as a UNESCO Principal Priority

A new consensus is emergingA new consensus is emerging in international thinking about gWater Resources

Current International FrameworkCurrent International FrameworkCurrent International FrameworkCurrent International Frameworkshaping IHP’s actionsshaping IHP’s actions

Millenium Development Goals (by 2015)Millenium Development Goals (by 2015)

Poverty reduction, sustainable environment, water supply Poverty reduction, sustainable environment, water supply

goalgoalJohannesburg Plan of Implementation (WSSD, 2002)Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (WSSD, 2002)

Emphasizes water and sanitation goals, national water Emphasizes water and sanitation goals, national water p g ,p g ,

management strategiesmanagement strategiesUN Commission for Sustainable Devevlopment (CSD)UN Commission for Sustainable Devevlopment (CSD)

20042004 2005 issues: human settlements water supply and 2005 issues: human settlements water supply and 20042004--2005 issues: human settlements, water supply and 2005 issues: human settlements, water supply and

sanitationsanitationGlobal events: 4Global events: 4thth World Water Forum (Mexico 2006)World Water Forum (Mexico 2006)

Premier political and awareness raising eventPremier political and awareness raising event

UN International Decade “Water for Life” (2005 to UN International Decade “Water for Life” (2005 to 2014)2014)

Water Interactions : Water Interactions : Systems at Risk and Social Systems at Risk and Social

ChallengesChallenges

Phase VI (2002Phase VI (2002 2007)2007)Phase VI (2002Phase VI (2002--2007)2007)International Hydrological ProgrammeInternational Hydrological Programme

of UNESCO of UNESCO

IHPIHP VI (2002VI (2002 2007)2007)IHPIHP--VI (2002VI (2002--2007)2007)

Th 1 (T1)Th 1 (T1) Gl b l Ch d W tGl b l Ch d W tTheme 1 (T1)Theme 1 (T1) Global Changes and Water Global Changes and Water ResourcesResources

Theme 2 (T2)Theme 2 (T2) Integrated Watershed andIntegrated Watershed andTheme 2 (T2)Theme 2 (T2) Integrated Watershed and Integrated Watershed and Aquifer DynamicsAquifer Dynamics

Theme 3 (T3)Theme 3 (T3) Land Habitat HydrologyLand Habitat Hydrology( )( ) y gyy gyTheme 4 (T4)Theme 4 (T4) Water and SocietyWater and SocietyTheme 5 (T5)Theme 5 (T5) Water Education and TrainingWater Education and Training

Two crossTwo cross--cutting programme components (CCPCs): cutting programme components (CCPCs): FRIENDFRIEND (Fl R i f I t ti l E i t l(Fl R i f I t ti l E i t lFRIENDFRIEND (Flow Regimes from International Experimental (Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data) and and Network Data) and HELPHELP (Hydrology for the (Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy) have been identified which, Environment, Life and Policy) have been identified which, , y) ,, y) ,through their operational concept, interact with all themes.through their operational concept, interact with all themes.

OVERVIEW OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF IHPTheme 1 Global Changes and WaterResources

Theme 3 Land Habitat HydrologyResourcesFocal Area 1.1, Global estimation of resources: water

supply and water quality (*) (**)Focal Area 1.2, Global estimation of water withdrawals

and consumption (**)

Focal Area 3.1, Drylands (*)(**)Focal Area 3.2, Wetlands (*)Focal Area 3.3, Mountains (*)(**)Focal Area 3.4, Small islands and coastal zones (*)( )

Focal Area 1.3, Integrated assessment of water resourcesin the context of global land-based activities and climate change (*)(**)

Theme 2 Integrated Watershed and Aquifer

Focal Area 3.5, Urban areas and rural settlements (*)

Theme 4 Water and SocietyTheme 2 Integrated Watershed and Aquifer DynamicsFocal Area 2.1, Extreme events in land and water

resources management (*)Focal Area 2.2, International River Basins and Aquifers(*)

Theme 4 Water and Society

Focal Area 4.1, Water, civilization and ethicsFocal Area 4.2, Value of waterFocal Area 4.3, Water conflicts - prevention and resolution (**)F l A 4 4 H it i t l t d di tFocal Area 2.3, Endorheic Basins (*)

Focal Area 2.4, Methodologies for integrated river basin management (*)(**)

Focal Area 4.4, Human security in water-related disasters and degrading environments (*)(**)

Focal Area 4.5, Public awareness raising on water interactions (*)(**)

Th 5 W t Ed ti d T i iTheme 5 Water Education and Training

Focal Area 5.1, Teaching techniques and material development (*)(**)Focal Area 5.2, Continuing education and training for selected target groups (*)Focal Area 5.3, Crossing the digital divide (*), g g ( )Focal Area 5.4, Institutional development and networking for WET (*)

(*) Indicates connections with FRIEND(**) Indicates connections with HELP

P di L kP di L kParadigm Lock Paradigm Lock ……based on outdated knowledge and technology

Process hydrology Water managers and stakeholders

ideasresearch outputdesign

understanding implementationAcceptedpractices

Isolated by legal and professional precedence

Isolated by lack ofproven utility

p

...Real peopleReal catchmentsReal answers

HELP

Hydrology for the Environment, Life and

P li

HTTP //WWW UNESCO ORG/WATER/IHP/HELP

Policy

The HELP initiative is establishing a global network of

HTTP://WWW.UNESCO.ORG/WATER/IHP/HELP

The HELP initiative is establishing a global network of catchments to improve the links between hydrology and the needs of society.

The HELP catchments provide a framework for scientists, managers and policy-experts to come together to address locally defined water related p y p g yissues. These include:

- Water and foodWater and climate- Water and climate

- Water and conflict- Water quality and human health- Water and the environment

Real people Real catchments Real answers

Water hazard Water hazard as a major challengeas a major challengej gj g

Intensifying and increasing occurrence of Intensifying and increasing occurrence of t l t d h d i t f tht l t d h d i t f thwater related hazard in many part of the water related hazard in many part of the

worldworld

Serious concern on climate change such asSerious concern on climate change such asSerious concern on climate change such as Serious concern on climate change such as extreme hydrologic events and sea level extreme hydrologic events and sea level i ii irisingrising

Major floods and droughts worldwide in 2002 (GWES)

Flood Drought

Germany China KoreaChinaGermany

Czech

ドイツ

Austria

Korea

Czech

China

Nepal

USA

MexicoSenegalTurkey

France Afghanistan

Russia

USA

Nepal

India

Bangladesh Haiti/ Jamaica

Ecuador

Philippines

Vietnam

Senegal

Ethiopia

Sri Lanka

Bolivia

Uruguay

Ecuador

PeruMicronesia

IndonesiaKenya

Sri Lanka

Kenya

Uruguay

There is pressing need to develop advanced risk management on water hazard in order to secure human life and ensure sustainable socio-economic development and povertysustainable socio-economic development and poverty alleviation.

WATER EDUCATIONWATER EDUCATIONWATER EDUCATIONWATER EDUCATION

If the current trend continues, subIf the current trend continues, sub--Saharan Africa will Saharan Africa will notnot reach MDG water reach MDG water

targettargetgg

Progress inProgress in drinking water

coverage, 1990-2002

(UNICEF/WHO JMP)

Many countriesMany countries notnot on track to reachon track to reachMany countries Many countries notnot on track to reach on track to reach MDG sanitation targetMDG sanitation target

Progress in sanitationsanitation

coverage, 1990-2002

(UNICEF/WHO(UNICEF/WHO JMP)

E i ti C t d I tit tE i ti C t d I tit tExisting Centers and InstitutesExisting Centers and InstitutesCATEGORY 1CATEGORY 1::CATEGORY 1CATEGORY 1::

UNESCOUNESCO--IHE Institute for Water Education (Delft, The IHE Institute for Water Education (Delft, The N th l d )N th l d )Netherlands)Netherlands)

CATEGORY 2CATEGORY 2::

IRTCUD IRTCUD –– International Research & Training Center International Research & Training Center (Belgrade Serbia & Montenegro)(Belgrade Serbia & Montenegro)(Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro)(Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro)IRTCES IRTCES -- International Research & Training Center on International Research & Training Center on ErosiErosion &on & Sedimentation (Beijing, China)Sedimentation (Beijing, China)CATHALAC CATHALAC –– Centro del Agua para los TrCentro del Agua para los Tróópicos picos HHúúmedos de LAC (Panama City, Panama)medos de LAC (Panama City, Panama)Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia &Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia &Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia & Humid Tropics Hydrology Center for South East Asia & the Pacific (Kuala Lumpur, Malasia)the Pacific (Kuala Lumpur, Malasia)

Existing Centers and InstitutesExisting Centers and InstitutesExisting Centers and InstitutesExisting Centers and Institutes

CATEGORY 2CATEGORY 2 (cont.):(cont.):

RCTWSRCTWS –– Regional Center for Training and WaterRegional Center for Training and WaterRCTWS RCTWS –– Regional Center for Training and Water Regional Center for Training and Water Studies in Arid & Semiarid Zones (Cairo, Egypt)Studies in Arid & Semiarid Zones (Cairo, Egypt)RCUWM RCUWM –– Regional Center on Urban Water Regional Center on Urban Water M t (T h I )M t (T h I )Management (Teheran, Iran) Management (Teheran, Iran) ICQHHS ICQHHS –– International Center on Qanats and Historic International Center on Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures (Yazd, I.R. of Iran)Hydraulic Structures (Yazd, I.R. of Iran)yd au c St uctu es ( a d, o a )yd au c St uctu es ( a d, o a )

CAZALAC CAZALAC -- Centro del Agua para Zonas Aridas y Centro del Agua para Zonas Aridas y SemiSemiááridas de LAC ridas de LAC -- (La Serena, Chile)(La Serena, Chile)( , )( , )

Centers in the pipelineCenters in the pipelineCenters in the pipelineCenters in the pipeline

International Center for Water Hazards and Risk Management International Center for Water Hazards and Risk Management --ICHARM (Tsukuba, Japan)ICHARM (Tsukuba, Japan)

IGRAC IGRAC –– International Groundwater Assessment CenterInternational Groundwater Assessment Center (Utrecht, The (Utrecht, The Netherlads)Netherlads)Netherlads)Netherlads)

Regional Ecohydrology Center Regional Ecohydrology Center –– Europe (Lodz, Poland) Europe (Lodz, Poland)

Centro Regional para la GestiCentro Regional para la Gestióón del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LACn del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LACCentro Regional para la GestiCentro Regional para la Gestióón del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LAC n del Agua en Zonas Urbanas LAC (Bogot(Bogotáá, Colombia) , Colombia)

Regional Drought Center for Subsaharan Africa ( location TBD)Regional Drought Center for Subsaharan Africa ( location TBD)

Regional Center for Shared Aquifer Resources (Tripoli, Libia)Regional Center for Shared Aquifer Resources (Tripoli, Libia)

Regional Ecohydrology Center Regional Ecohydrology Center -- LAC (Argentina)LAC (Argentina)

Regional Ecohydrology Center Regional Ecohydrology Center –– SEA & Pac (Indonesia)SEA & Pac (Indonesia)

From Potential Conflict

to Co-operation Potential

Water for Peacea contribution to

World Water Assessment Programme

GLOBAL FRESHWATER RESOURCES

Relation between water availability and population

World Water Assessment Programme

(WWAP)(WWAP)( )

The State of The World’sFreshwater Resources

Th h ll ll hTh h ll ll hThe challenge we all haveThe challenge we all haveH t t t i th i dH t t t i th i dHow to put water in the mindsHow to put water in the minds

of people?of people?

UNESCO Water PortalUNESCO Water Portalwww.unesco.org/waterwww.unesco.org/water

•Over 40% of the world’s population relies on transboundary water resources for their on transboundary water resources for their secure and stable livelihoods•99% of all accessible freshwater in Aquifers•99% of all accessible freshwater in Aquifers•Transboundary aquifers are found on every

continentcontinent•However, a worldwide inventory of

b d if i b il dtransboundary aquifers is yet to be compiled

•The functions and functioning of aquifer The functions and functioning of aquifer systems is often poorly understood

Some Key facts

•In Europe there are 89 transboundaryaquifers reported by 25 countries In 16aquifers, reported by 25 countries. In 16countries over 70% of potable water isdrawn from transboundary aquifersdrawn from transboundary aquifers(UNECE)

• Regional Scale -The NubianSandstone Aquifer

Aquifer –

Transboundary Issues

. In common with many parts of the World, Africa t i d d ith t b d if th t too is endowed with transboundary aquifers that have not as yet been completely investigated

from MARGAT( UNESCO-OSS)

Partnership/InitiativeOften dueocedures, available data can not becompared and are inadequate to plancompared and are inadequate to planregional action for the sustainabledevelopment and use of shared groundwaterdevelopment and use of shared groundwaterresources.

D t th l k f li bl i tifiDue to the lack of reliable scientificknowledge and information conflicts may

iarise.

Moreover there are many gaps in the y g pdevelopment of legal frameworks that can correctly be applied for aquifers.y pp q

Key feature of transboundary aquifers is that the flow must cross an international that the flow must cross an international boundary.

Many of these systems may recharge in one country and discharge in another and y gpollution movement along the border of pollution is dictated by flow directionsp y

Careful assessment of regional impacts Careful assessment of regional impacts is neededis neededis neededis needed

Because Because Impacts are subtleImpacts are subtleWidely spread inWidely spread inWidely spread in Widely spread in spacespaceD l d i tiD l d i tiDelayed in timeDelayed in time

IHP VI -Theme 2 -Integrated Watershed and Aquifer Dynamicsand Aquifer Dynamics

Focal Area 2.2: International River Basins and Aquifers

Seeks to improve Seeks to improve

- the existing scientific knowledge and provide a comprehensive assessment of human-watershed-aquifer interactions combining all relevant activities and physical and ecological process;

-- the equitable sharing of the resources with the aim of the equitable sharing of the resources with the aim of preventing conflicts between stakeholders;preventing conflicts between stakeholders; andandpreventing conflicts between stakeholders;preventing conflicts between stakeholders; andand

-- the establishment of common principles forthe establishment of common principles forthe establishment of common principles for the establishment of common principles for transboundary aquifers resources management in transboundary aquifers resources management in

different parts of the worlddifferent parts of the worlddifferent parts of the world.different parts of the world.

UNESCO together with FAO UN UNESCO together with FAO,UN ECE,IAH, and several other agencies

established in 2002 the Type II Partnership established in 2002 the Type II Partnership on Internationally Shared Aquifer

Resource Management (ISARM) initiative, Resource Management (ISARM) initiative, which promotes efforts for the sound

management of transboundary aquifers.management of transboundary aquifers.

Egypt and Jordan are underlain by huge transboundary aquifers that they share with

neighbouring countries.