THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF FIRE SERVICE INSTRUCTORS Electronic INSTRUCT-O-GRAM Program 2005-7...

THEINTERNATIONAL

SOCIETY OF FIRE SERVICE INSTRUCTORS

ElectronicINSTRUCT-O-GRAM

Program 2005-7

THEINTERNATIONAL

SOCIETY OF FIRE SERVICE INSTRUCTORS

ElectronicINSTRUCT-O-GRAM

Program 2005-7

Forcible EntryForcible Entry

~ International Society of Fire Service Instructors ~www.ISFSI.org


IntroductionIntroduction

• TASKBefore you can extinguish the fire, search for a victim, or rescue those who are trapped you must be able to get into a structure. With crime on the increase in all areas of the country, firefighters are finding that the days of “kicking in the door” are gone. With steel doors replacing wooden ones and multiple locking mechanisms, Firefighters are finding it tougher to gain access. With a working knowledge of forcible entry techniques, access to structures can be gained safely, quickly, and usually with minimal effort and damage

• TASKBefore you can extinguish the fire, search for a victim, or rescue those who are trapped you must be able to get into a structure. With crime on the increase in all areas of the country, firefighters are finding that the days of “kicking in the door” are gone. With steel doors replacing wooden ones and multiple locking mechanisms, Firefighters are finding it tougher to gain access. With a working knowledge of forcible entry techniques, access to structures can be gained safely, quickly, and usually with minimal effort and damage



ObjectivesObjectives

1. The student will be able to perform and adequate size-up of a building for forcible entry.

2. The student will be able to identify the various types of doors, windows, and locking mechanisms utilized with forcible entry.

3. The student will be able to describe the “rules” of forcible entry.

4. The student will be able to demonstrate safely gaining entry into a structure.

1. The student will be able to perform and adequate size-up of a building for forcible entry.

2. The student will be able to identify the various types of doors, windows, and locking mechanisms utilized with forcible entry.

3. The student will be able to describe the “rules” of forcible entry.

4. The student will be able to demonstrate safely gaining entry into a structure.



Forcible Entry - DefinedForcible Entry - Defined

• Technique used by firefighters to gain access to a structure whose normal means of access is locked, blocked, or non-existent

• Forcing doors or windows for entry into the building

• Forcing interior doors• Can include forcing security gates to

access the property

• Technique used by firefighters to gain access to a structure whose normal means of access is locked, blocked, or non-existent

• Forcing doors or windows for entry into the building

• Forcing interior doors• Can include forcing security gates to

access the property



Deciding Factors for Forcible Entry


• Damage vs. Urgency• The degree of damage caused

should be consistent with the danger to life and damage to the property by the fire

• Public relations can become a problem when you destroy a $1000 dollar door for a faulty smoke detector

• Damage vs. Urgency• The degree of damage caused

should be consistent with the danger to life and damage to the property by the fire

• Public relations can become a problem when you destroy a $1000 dollar door for a faulty smoke detector





• How fast do we need to get in?• Forced entry should be

preformed with speed and minimal damage

• Need for speed of entry should be the overriding concern when:

– You need to gain entry to save a life– Cut off fire spread

• How fast do we need to get in?• Forced entry should be

preformed with speed and minimal damage

• Need for speed of entry should be the overriding concern when:

– You need to gain entry to save a life– Cut off fire spread



Types of Door, Lock and Window Assemblies


• Four classifications of doors• Swinging (inward or outward)

– Residential access doors usually swing inward

– Commercial access doors usually swing outward, by code

– This is not always true, size-up the door

• Four classifications of doors• Swinging (inward or outward)

– Residential access doors usually swing inward

– Commercial access doors usually swing outward, by code

– This is not always true, size-up the door





• Four classifications of doors• Sliding doors

– Slide to the left or right on metal tracks

– Commonly found as patio doors– Heavy tempered glass panels– May be barred by burglar block

Metal or wood bars that prevent the door from sliding

• Four classifications of doors• Sliding doors

– Slide to the left or right on metal tracks

– Commonly found as patio doors– Heavy tempered glass panels– May be barred by burglar block

Metal or wood bars that prevent the door from sliding





• Four classifications of doors• Overhead doors

– Sectional– Pivoting– Roll-up

• Four classifications of doors• Overhead doors

– Sectional– Pivoting– Roll-up





• Four classifications of doors• Revolving doors

– Panic proof– Drop arm– Metal-braced

• Four classifications of doors• Revolving doors

– Panic proof– Drop arm– Metal-braced





• Types of locks• Mortise lock

– Latches and deadbolt all in one unit

• Types of locks• Mortise lock

– Latches and deadbolt all in one unit





• Types of locks• Bored (Cylindrical) lock

– Key-in-the knob lock

• Types of locks• Bored (Cylindrical) lock

– Key-in-the knob lock





• Types of locks• Rim locks

– The most pry resistant type of lock

• Types of locks• Rim locks

– The most pry resistant type of lock





• Types of locks• Padlocks

– Many types– Can be found anywhere

• Types of locks• Padlocks

– Many types– Can be found anywhere





• Types of windows• Double – Hung (checkrail)

• Hinged (casement)

• Projected (factory)

• Awing and Jalousie

• Types of windows• Double – Hung (checkrail)

• Hinged (casement)

• Projected (factory)

• Awing and Jalousie



Forcible Entry ToolsForcible Entry Tools

• Types of tools• Cutting tools

– Hand tools– Axes – cutting through wood,

shingles and other lightweight materials

– Handsaws – effective in tight spaces and for precision cuts

– Bolt cutters – effective for small metal bars, padlocks, and cables


– Hand tools– Axes – cutting through wood,

shingles and other lightweight materials

– Handsaws – effective in tight spaces and for precision cuts

– Bolt cutters – effective for small metal bars, padlocks, and cables





– Gas/electric/battery powered– Allow for rapid cutting of a variety

of materialsChain sawsCircular sawsReciprocating sawsCutting torches


– Gas/electric/battery powered– Allow for rapid cutting of a variety

of materialsChain sawsCircular sawsReciprocating sawsCutting torches




• Types of tools• Prying tools

– Manual prying tools– Have many names and many varieties– Utilizes mechanical advantage to force

objects to move

Halligan bars

Pry bars

Crowbar


– Manual prying tools– Have many names and many varieties– Utilizes mechanical advantage to force

objects to move

Halligan bars

Pry bars

Crowbar





– Hydraulic prying tools– Function similar to hand tools with

much more power

Rescue spreaders

Rabbit/porta-power


– Hydraulic prying tools– Function similar to hand tools with

much more power

Rescue spreaders

Rabbit/porta-power




• Types of tools• Pushing/Pulling tools

– Not very many uses– Extends reach of firefighter

Pike poles

Plaster hooks

Drywall rake

• Types of tools• Pushing/Pulling tools

– Not very many uses– Extends reach of firefighter

Pike poles

Plaster hooks

Drywall rake




• Types of tools• Striking tools

– Usually used with other tools– Striking other tools to force them

into place

Sledge hammer

Battering ram

Flat-head axe

• Types of tools• Striking tools

– Usually used with other tools– Striking other tools to force them

into place

Sledge hammer

Battering ram

Flat-head axe




• Types of tools• Special tools

– Usually used with other tools– Cause less damage

K-tool, A-tool, J-tool

Shove knives

Lock breakers

• Types of tools• Special tools

– Usually used with other tools– Cause less damage

K-tool, A-tool, J-tool

Shove knives

Lock breakers




• Using forcible entry tools• No one tool is effective for

cutting all materials• Understanding the proper uses

of the tools will:– Aid in appropriate selection of the

tools needed– Make the work safer, quicker and

easier

• Using forcible entry tools• No one tool is effective for

cutting all materials• Understanding the proper uses

of the tools will:– Aid in appropriate selection of the

tools needed– Make the work safer, quicker and

easier




• Using forcible entry tools• Type of structure determines types of

tools– Residential may use

Irons pack (flat-head axe and halligan)

Pike poles

– Commercial may useIrons pack (sledge hammer and halligan)

Portable hydraulic tools

Bolt cutters

• Using forcible entry tools• Type of structure determines types of

tools– Residential may use

Irons pack (flat-head axe and halligan)

Pike poles

– Commercial may useIrons pack (sledge hammer and halligan)

Portable hydraulic tools

Bolt cutters



Forcible Entry TechniquesForcible Entry Techniques

• Non-destructive rapid entry

• Conventional methods• Through doors and windows

– Breaking glass– Forcing doors

Swing/double swing doors

Tempered glass doors

Roll-up doors

• Non-destructive rapid entry

• Conventional methods• Through doors and windows

– Breaking glass– Forcing doors

Swing/double swing doors

Tempered glass doors

Roll-up doors




• Through the lock method

• Through padlocks

• Unconventional methods• Barred/screened windows and

doors

• Breaching walls and floors

• Through the lock method

• Through padlocks

• Unconventional methods• Barred/screened windows and

doors

• Breaching walls and floors



Size-UpSize-Up

• The fire building• What is the occupancy

– Helps to determine life hazards and fire load

– Amount of forcible entry needed– Type of tools and techniques that

may be needed

• The fire building• What is the occupancy

– Helps to determine life hazards and fire load

– Amount of forcible entry needed– Type of tools and techniques that

may be needed



Size-UpSize-Up

• The fire building• Where are the occupants

– Are they threatened by the fire– Is forced entry required for rescue

• The fire building• Where are the occupants

– Are they threatened by the fire– Is forced entry required for rescue



Size-UpSize-Up

• The fire building• Where is the fire

– Where is it at– What is it doing– Where is it going

• The fire building• Where is the fire

– Where is it at– What is it doing– Where is it going



Size-UpSize-Up

• The fire building• What is happening to the

building– What is the construction type– What are the smoke and fire

conditions– Are there signs of potential

collapse

• The fire building• What is happening to the

building– What is the construction type– What are the smoke and fire

conditions– Are there signs of potential

collapse



Size-UpSize-Up

• The fire building• How do we get in

– Use the doors that occupants would normally use

– Chances are they are less secured than other doors

• The fire building• How do we get in

– Use the doors that occupants would normally use

– Chances are they are less secured than other doors



Size-UpSize-Up

• The fire building• How do we get out

– If things get bad and we need to exit quickly

– Will forced entry be needed for FF escape routes

• The fire building• How do we get out

– If things get bad and we need to exit quickly

– Will forced entry be needed for FF escape routes



Size-UpSize-Up

• Size-up the escape routes (victims and firefighter)

• Are they blocked and need forced

– Metal bars or gates on windows and doors

– Chained panic hardware– High security locks

• Size-up the escape routes (victims and firefighter)

• Are they blocked and need forced

– Metal bars or gates on windows and doors

– Chained panic hardware– High security locks



Size-UpSize-Up

• Size-up the doors and windows to be forced

• Is the fire near door/window• Type of door/window to be

forced– Wood, metal, or glass– Front door or back door,

commercial or residentialRear doors most often secured


• Is the fire near door/window• Type of door/window to be

forced– Wood, metal, or glass– Front door or back door,

commercial or residentialRear doors most often secured



Size-UpSize-Up


• What is the doorjamb set in– Brick, wood, or other material– Breeching may be easier than

forcing some doors


• What is the doorjamb set in– Brick, wood, or other material– Breeching may be easier than

forcing some doors



Size-UpSize-Up

• Size-up the locking mechanisms• How many and what type

– Seeing several locks in a row may tell you to find an easier way in

• Location of the locks– Most normal devices are located 1-3

inches from the edge of the door– Locks in the center of the door may

indicate an un-convential locking mechanism

• Size-up the locking mechanisms• How many and what type

– Seeing several locks in a row may tell you to find an easier way in

• Location of the locks– Most normal devices are located 1-3

inches from the edge of the door– Locks in the center of the door may

indicate an un-convential locking mechanism



Size-UpSize-Up

• Size-up the locking mechanisms

• Bolts or mounting hardware indicating special locks

– Drop bars, fox locks, multi-lock doors

– The area the building is located in may give some indication of the amount of security being used

• Size-up the locking mechanisms

• Bolts or mounting hardware indicating special locks

– Drop bars, fox locks, multi-lock doors

– The area the building is located in may give some indication of the amount of security being used



Rules of Forcible EntryRules of Forcible Entry

• Try before you pry• Wastes time in gaining entry• Causes unneeded damage

• Don’t ignore the obvious• Windows in or next to the door• Locations with a Knox-Box system• Owners with the keys on-scene

– Also check with the neighbor

• Try before you pry• Wastes time in gaining entry• Causes unneeded damage

• Don’t ignore the obvious• Windows in or next to the door• Locations with a Knox-Box system• Owners with the keys on-scene

– Also check with the neighbor




• Use doors that occupants would normally use

• People trying to escape may be there– 34% of fire victims are found in sleeping

areas– 31% of fire victims are found in escape

paths

• Doors not normally used can be blocked

– By furniture or by storage of machines– Extra security devices may be used

• Use doors that occupants would normally use

• People trying to escape may be there– 34% of fire victims are found in sleeping

areas– 31% of fire victims are found in escape

paths

• Doors not normally used can be blocked

– By furniture or by storage of machines– Extra security devices may be used




• Maintain door integrity• Helps control spread of fire and

smoke– Until attack crew is ready to

advance the line– Slows smoke spread to other areas– To control stairwells for evacuation

• Maintain door integrity• Helps control spread of fire and

smoke– Until attack crew is ready to

advance the line– Slows smoke spread to other areas– To control stairwells for evacuation




• Helps control oxygen supply to fire

– Fresh air can increase size of fire– Potential for backdraft

• Provide an escape route if fire gains control

– Closing the door can allow for confinement of the fire

To re-group and re-attackTo evacuate a structure

• Helps control oxygen supply to fire

– Fresh air can increase size of fire– Potential for backdraft

• Provide an escape route if fire gains control

– Closing the door can allow for confinement of the fire

To re-group and re-attackTo evacuate a structure



Entry Into the StructureEntry Into the Structure

• SAFETY, SAFETY, SAFETY• There can be a lot of fire behind

a door with very little visible evidence outside

– Forcible entry should be coordinated with the attack

• SAFETY, SAFETY, SAFETY• There can be a lot of fire behind

a door with very little visible evidence outside

– Forcible entry should be coordinated with the attack



Entry Into the StructureEntry Into the Structure

• Dress in full turn-outs and SCBA

• Approach the door from the side– Avoid standing in front of the door– Avoid standing in front of the

windows by the door

• Get everybody out of the way– Make sure nobody else is in front of

the door

• Dress in full turn-outs and SCBA

• Approach the door from the side– Avoid standing in front of the door– Avoid standing in front of the

windows by the door

• Get everybody out of the way– Make sure nobody else is in front of

the door



Entry Into the StructureEntry Into the Structure• Crouch or kneel to the side of the

door• Check for heat level at doorknob and

top of door• Grab the doorknob and try the lock

– “Try before you pry”• Give the door a shake if locked

– Determining where the resistance is can identify where the locks may be

– Determine the tool placement • Force entry

• Crouch or kneel to the side of the door

• Check for heat level at doorknob and top of door

• Grab the doorknob and try the lock– “Try before you pry”

• Give the door a shake if locked– Determining where the resistance is can

identify where the locks may be– Determine the tool placement

• Force entry



ReferencesReferences• Essentials of Firefighting 4th Edition,

International Fire Service Training Association

• Firefighting Principles and Practices 2nd Edition, William Clark, Fire Engineering Books and Videos, 1991

• Forcible Entry Procedures: “The Rules” Mike Lombardo, Captain Buffalo Fire Department, Firenuggets.com, March 2000

• Essentials of Firefighting 4th Edition, International Fire Service Training Association

• Firefighting Principles and Practices 2nd Edition, William Clark, Fire Engineering Books and Videos, 1991

• Forcible Entry Procedures: “The Rules” Mike Lombardo, Captain Buffalo Fire Department, Firenuggets.com, March 2000

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THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF FIRE SERVICE INSTRUCTORS Electronic INSTRUCT-O-GRAM Program 2005-7...

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