The internet

The InternetHow did the internet develop?

What is Internet?

The internet a is global interconnection of computer networks linking government agencies, organisations, educational institutions and individual all over the world to share information .It is a very large wide area network (WAN) connecting computers and networks around the world.It makes it possible for millions of users to connect to one another via telephone lines, cable lines and satellites.

The popular term for the Internet is the information highway.Rather than moving through geographical space, it moves your ideas and information through cyberspace the space of electronic movement of ideas and information.The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of human interactions throughinstant messaging , Internet forums, andsocial networking.The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter linkedhypertextdocuments of the World Wide Web(WWW) and theinfrastructureto support email.

A globalnetworkconnecting millions ofcomputers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges ofdata, news and opinions. Unlikeonline services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. The Internet is a communication system that has brought a wealth of information to our fingertips and organized it for our use. The Internet is a structured, organized system.

A network is the interconnection of two or more computers where every computer on the network communicates with every other computer the same network. A network can be as simple as a simple peer to peer or point to point (P2P) connection. Others areLocal area networksWide area networksMetropolitan area networksInternet

Internet

Internet

NetworkInternet Internet

NetworkConnecting mediumConnecting mediumConnecting medium

HOW DID IT HAPPEN?

The most notable internet is called the Internet, a collaboration of more than hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks.

In the mid-1960s, mainframe computers in research organizations were stand alone devices. Computers from different manufacturers were unable to communicate w/ one another. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was interested in finding a way to connect computers so that the researchers they funded could share their findings.

In 1967, at an Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) meeting, ARPA presented its ideas for ARPANET, a small network of connected computers.

In 1972, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn were part of the core ARPANET group, collaborated on what they called the Internetting Project. Cerf and Kahns landmark 1973 paper outlined the protocols to achieved end-to-end delivery packets.

This paper on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) included concepts such as encapsulation, the datagram, and the functions of a gateway.Authorities made a decision to split TCP into two protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internetworking Protocol (IP), IP would handle datagram routing while TCP would be responsible for higher-level functions such as segmentations, reassembly, and error detection. The internetworking protocol became known as TCP/ IP. The father of internet is widely bestowed on Vinton Gray Vint Cerf an American computer scientist.

Tim Berners-Lee is also regarded as the father of the WWW

TERMINOLOGIES IN INTERNET USAGEAddress BrowserChatDial-upDomainDownloadDSLHome PageHTMLHypertextISPKey WordLink (hyperlink)ModemSearch EngineServerToolbarsURLWebWeb Site

Resources needed for internet ConnectionHardware requiredComputerModempath (phone line, cable, wireless)adequate speed/memoryRoutersMobile phonesOther resourcesISP (Internet Service Provider)web browser

The modem is an essential resource in internet access, it enables the conversion of signals in transit. The computer only understands the language of digits known as the digital signals which are discrete whiles the human world only deals with analog signals which are continuous. The modem therefore converts signals from digital to analog, a process known as modulation and from analog to digital, a process known as demodulation. The name MODEM is therefore derived from the first two letters of MOdulation and the first three letters of DEModulation. Its operation is indicated below.

This is illustrated below

digital signaldigital signalanalog signalmodemmodemcommercial phone line

ModulationDemodulation

Another important resource is the Internet Service provider(ISP). They are organisations with permanent connection or access to the internet. They on the other hand provides temporal access of the internet to other organisations and individuals.Examples includes; vodafone, MTN, airtel, globacom, tigo and of late surf line which are the predominant telcos or companies providing internet access in Ghana. Others are AT&T, America OnLine(AOL), MSN and Compuserve.

The World Wide Web (WWW) World Wide Web or W3 is the most popular and promising method of organizing and accessing information on the INTERNET. It is one of the basic services of the internetThe Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and graphic images. The www therefore is not the same as the internet

Hypertext is a new way of information storage and retrieval that enables authors to structure information in novel ways. A properly designed hypertext document can help users to locate desired type of information rapidly. Hypertext documents enable this by using a series of links. A link is a special type of item in a hypertext document connecting a document to other documents. These document interconnections constitute the world wide web(W3 or the WWW).

A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. Hypertext documents on internet are known as Web Pages, they are electronic documents displayed by web browsers on the internet.The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called the sites home page.

Basic services of internet

Electronic mailFTPTelnetUsenet newsThe World Wide Web

Electronic mail

It is also known as e-mail in shortIt enables to send and receive a mail (message).It is Faster than paper mail.Images, audio, video can be sent along with text.

File transfer Protocol (FTP)It enables users to move a file from one computer to another computer.A file may contain:Text documentImageArtworkMovieSound Software

Telnet

Telnet service enables users to login to another computer on internet from their local computer for using:Computing power of remote computerSoftware on remote computerDatabase of remote computerThis action is called remote login.

Usenet News Usenet news service enables a group of internet users to exchange their views, ideas, information on some common topic of internet.A newsgroup is like a large notice board accessible to all members belonging to the group.2 types of newsgroups:ModeratedNon-moderated

The World Wide Web

It is a most popular method of accessing internet.It uses a concept called hypertext.Hypertext documents on internet are known as web pages.Web pages are created by using a special language called Hyper Text Markup Language (html)

Uses of the Internet ?On-line communicationSoftware sharingExchange of views on topics of common interestPosting of information of general interestProduct promotionFeedback about productCustomer support serviceOn-line journals and magazines

On-line communication

Software sharing

Exchange of views on topics of interest

Posting of information

Product promotion

Feedback about products

Customer support services

Online journals and magazines

ARPANETForefather of internetINTERNETNetwork of computers

Basic Services e-mails, FTP, Telnet, Usenet news

Uses of internetCommunication, sharing, exchanging, informing, feedback and support.