The InternetThe Internet

ContentsContents

• Internet vs WWWInternet vs WWW

• Pages vs SitesPages vs Sites

• How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works

• Getting a Web PresenceGetting a Web Presence

InternetInternet

• A A networknetwork is a group of connected is a group of connected computers that can interact with computers that can interact with each other and share resourceseach other and share resources

• The The internetinternet is a large network that is a large network that spans the entire Earth. It is actually a spans the entire Earth. It is actually a network made up of many smaller network made up of many smaller networks that are all combined.networks that are all combined.

InternetInternet

• The internet is more than just web The internet is more than just web pages and the pages and the W W WW W W ( (World Wide World Wide WebWeb).).

• The internet includes the www, The internet includes the www, newsgroups, email and other shared newsgroups, email and other shared resources.resources.

• So, the world wide web is So, the world wide web is a parta part of of the internet.the internet.Do you know when the WWW was made available to the general public?

Web Pages and Web SitesWeb Pages and Web Sites

• A A web pageweb page is a single file or page is a single file or page on the world wide web that can on the world wide web that can display images and text, links to display images and text, links to other web pages and can be other web pages and can be designed to be interactive.designed to be interactive.

• A A web siteweb site is a collection of two or is a collection of two or more connected or more connected or linkedlinked web pages. web pages.

BrowserBrowser

• A A browserbrowser is a program that allows is a program that allows a user to view web pages on the a user to view web pages on the World Wide Web.World Wide Web.

• The 4 most popular browsers:The 4 most popular browsers:– Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer– Mozilla FirefoxMozilla Firefox– SafariSafari– OperaOpera

BrowserBrowser

• Different browsers display web pages Different browsers display web pages in different ways.in different ways.

• As a web page designer it is As a web page designer it is important to design your page with important to design your page with at least Internet Explorer and Firefox at least Internet Explorer and Firefox in mind – make it work with both in mind – make it work with both browsers!browsers!

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• On a network there are two types of On a network there are two types of machines:machines:

• A A serverserver is a computer that shares is a computer that shares files and other resources such as a files and other resources such as a printer with other computers on a on printer with other computers on a on a network.a network.

• A A clientclient is a computer on a network is a computer on a network that accesses files or resources on that accesses files or resources on another computer (server).another computer (server).

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• So, if you are viewing files on your So, if you are viewing files on your screen that are actually saved on a screen that are actually saved on a different computer different computer that makes that makes your machine the client and the your machine the client and the machine that you are viewing the machine that you are viewing the files from the server.files from the server.

• A computer can be both a client and A computer can be both a client and a server at the same time.a server at the same time.

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• So the world wide web is a large network So the world wide web is a large network made up of many servers and clients.made up of many servers and clients.

• The servers are storing the web sites, and The servers are storing the web sites, and the clients are viewing those web sites.the clients are viewing those web sites.

• For example, let’s say ‘www.anything.com’ For example, let’s say ‘www.anything.com’ is saved on a computer in Missoula, MT. is saved on a computer in Missoula, MT. You type in ‘www.anything.com’ in your You type in ‘www.anything.com’ in your browser here in Oakwood. The web page browser here in Oakwood. The web page that you are seeing is being sent all the that you are seeing is being sent all the way from Missoula where it is stored.way from Missoula where it is stored.

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• So the big question is: When you So the big question is: When you type in ‘www.anything.com’, how type in ‘www.anything.com’, how does your browser know to look on a does your browser know to look on a server in Missoula, MT to find it?server in Missoula, MT to find it?

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• There are many servers around the There are many servers around the world that store web pages for the world that store web pages for the world wide web.world wide web.

• Every computer – whether it’s a Every computer – whether it’s a server or client is given a unique server or client is given a unique identification number when it identification number when it connects to the internet.connects to the internet.

• This unique number is called an This unique number is called an I.P. I.P. AddressAddress

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• An IP Address looks like the An IP Address looks like the following:following:

• 192.168.120.101192.168.120.101

• There are four segments to an IP There are four segments to an IP Address. The numbers that make up Address. The numbers that make up each segment can be from 0 – 255 each segment can be from 0 – 255 (although the very first segment (although the very first segment can’t have a zero).can’t have a zero).

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• To connect to the internet and To connect to the internet and receive an IP Address for your receive an IP Address for your computer, you must have an computer, you must have an ISPISP ((Internet Service ProviderInternet Service Provider).).

• There are two types of ISP’s:There are two types of ISP’s:– Dial-upDial-up– BroadbandBroadband

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• Dial-up ISPsDial-up ISPs– America OnlineAmerica Online– EarthlinkEarthlink– Net ZeroNet Zero

• Broadband ISPsBroadband ISPs– CharterCharter– Bell South DSLBell South DSL– (basically, cable and DSL connections (basically, cable and DSL connections

are the two broadband options)are the two broadband options)

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• Dial-up internet access requires your Dial-up internet access requires your computer to dial a phone number to computer to dial a phone number to connect and is very slowconnect and is very slow

• Broadband internet access is always Broadband internet access is always connected, and has much faster connected, and has much faster speeds for loading web pages and speeds for loading web pages and downloading filesdownloading files

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• Every time that you connect to your ISP, whether by Every time that you connect to your ISP, whether by calling in to your dial-up connection or restarting calling in to your dial-up connection or restarting your broadband modem you get a new IP address. your broadband modem you get a new IP address. This is called a This is called a dynamicdynamic IP address.IP address.

• If your computer keeps the same IP address always If your computer keeps the same IP address always and it never changes it is called a and it never changes it is called a staticstatic IP address.IP address.

ACTIVITY:ACTIVITY:Use the Internet to research 3 different Internet Service Use the Internet to research 3 different Internet Service

Providers. You should write down the types of Providers. You should write down the types of services that providers offers and the pricing.services that providers offers and the pricing.

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• Servers that are storing or Servers that are storing or hostinghosting a a website have static IP addresses. website have static IP addresses. This means that if you know the IP This means that if you know the IP address for a server you can always address for a server you can always find that webpage.find that webpage.

• Wouldn’t it be nice if there was a Wouldn’t it be nice if there was a place that stored that information? A place that stored that information? A place that knew what the IP address place that knew what the IP address was for every server and what web was for every server and what web pages were stored there?pages were stored there?

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• A A DNS ServerDNS Server (Domain Name (Domain Name Service)Service) stores that information. stores that information.

• But what if you had to remember an But what if you had to remember an IP address for every single web page IP address for every single web page that you want to visit? Could you that you want to visit? Could you remember them all?remember them all?– Instead of google.com what if you had to Instead of google.com what if you had to

remember that it was 64.110.98.24remember that it was 64.110.98.24

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• A A domain namedomain name is a group of letters is a group of letters that represent the IP address for a that represent the IP address for a particular web site.particular web site.

•anything.com is an example of a is an example of a domain name.domain name.

• cia.gov is a domain name.cia.gov is a domain name.

• lost.tv is a domain name.lost.tv is a domain name.

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• So instead of having to remember IP So instead of having to remember IP addresses, you just have to remember addresses, you just have to remember the domain name. That’s what a DNS the domain name. That’s what a DNS server does – it keeps track of which server does – it keeps track of which domain names are associated with domain names are associated with which IP address so that when you type which IP address so that when you type in google.com, the DNS server knows in google.com, the DNS server knows that means to actually go to that means to actually go to 64.233.167.10464.233.167.104

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• URLURL (Uniform Resource Locator) (Uniform Resource Locator) is what you type into your browser to is what you type into your browser to request a page.request a page.

• The URL contains the domain name, The URL contains the domain name, and additional and additional pathpath information and information and the the protocolprotocol..

• The protocol is the The protocol is the http://http:// part at the part at the very beginning.very beginning.

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• httphttp ((hhyperyperttext ext ttransfer ransfer pprotocol) tells the rotocol) tells the browser that you are requesting a document browser that you are requesting a document created using hypertext – what we will be created using hypertext – what we will be writing our web pages with.writing our web pages with.

• Most browsers do not require you to write Most browsers do not require you to write http:// or even www. before typing in the http:// or even www. before typing in the rest of the address.rest of the address.– http://www.google.comhttp://www.google.com should be the same as should be the same as

typingtyping– google.comgoogle.com

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• The additional path information is if the The additional path information is if the webpage you are trying to view is in a webpage you are trying to view is in a subfolder-subfolder-– http://www.google.com/folder/inhere/index.htmhttp://www.google.com/folder/inhere/index.htm

• Notice that for URLs we use / or forward Notice that for URLs we use / or forward slash.slash.

• When using the path on our computer it is a When using the path on our computer it is a back slash or \back slash or \– C:\programs\microsoft\word.exeC:\programs\microsoft\word.exe– http://www.google.com/folder/index.htmhttp://www.google.com/folder/index.htm

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works(Basically)(Basically)

• So to sum it all up So to sum it all up • You type in the URL for a website into You type in the URL for a website into

your browser. Your browser is your browser. Your browser is connected to the internet through connected to the internet through your ISP. It checks the ISP’s DNS your ISP. It checks the ISP’s DNS server to see what IP address matches server to see what IP address matches up with the domain name and where it up with the domain name and where it is located. The request is sent to the is located. The request is sent to the server at that IP address and the web server at that IP address and the web page is sent back to your browser.page is sent back to your browser.

Putting Your Website OnlinePutting Your Website Online

• You know how it works, you’ve made a You know how it works, you’ve made a website, now you want to get it website, now you want to get it published online so others can see it.published online so others can see it.

• There are three things you have to do:There are three things you have to do:1.1. Register a domain nameRegister a domain name

2.2. Find a hostFind a host

3.3. Upload your filesUpload your files

Register A Domain NameRegister A Domain Name

• Pick a domain name – yourname.com Pick a domain name – yourname.com or whatever you want.or whatever you want.

• You’ll need to check to make sure it You’ll need to check to make sure it hasn’t been taken. You can do that at:hasn’t been taken. You can do that at:– www.internic.com/whois.html– www.godaddy.com

• You can also check to see if it is taken You can also check to see if it is taken at many other places as well.at many other places as well.

Register A Domain NameRegister A Domain Name

• Registering a domain name costs Registering a domain name costs money.money.– Usually around $9.95/year.Usually around $9.95/year.

• There are many websites you can There are many websites you can visit to register your domain. A quick visit to register your domain. A quick search in google will provide you with search in google will provide you with a long list to choose from.a long list to choose from.

Find A HostFind A Host

• The The hosthost is the company that you is the company that you pay money to allow you to store your pay money to allow you to store your website files on their server.website files on their server.

• Some hosts also register domain Some hosts also register domain names as well.names as well.

• Some hosts are free, but do not allow Some hosts are free, but do not allow you to have your own domain name.you to have your own domain name.

Find A HostFind A Host

• Again, searching google.com will provide Again, searching google.com will provide you with a long list of website hosts.you with a long list of website hosts.

• The host will provide you with a specific The host will provide you with a specific amount of disk space on which to save your amount of disk space on which to save your filesfiles

• More importantly the host provides your More importantly the host provides your website with an IP address that doesn’t website with an IP address that doesn’t change.change.

• After finding a host, your domain is After finding a host, your domain is registered on the name servers to point to registered on the name servers to point to that IP address.that IP address.

Upload Your FilesUpload Your Files

• DowloadingDowloading is when you copy or is when you copy or move files from another computer to move files from another computer to your own computer.your own computer.

• UploadingUploading is when you copy or is when you copy or move files from your computer to move files from your computer to another computer.another computer.

• Now that you have a domain name Now that you have a domain name and a server to host your website, and a server to host your website, you have to upload your website files you have to upload your website files to the server.to the server.

Upload Your FilesUpload Your Files

• Uploading your files to the server is Uploading your files to the server is done by using an done by using an FTPFTP (File Transfer (File Transfer Protocol) program.Protocol) program.

• There are many free FTP programs There are many free FTP programs available – just search google!available – just search google!

Putting Your Website OnlinePutting Your Website Online

• Once you’ve uploaded your files, Once you’ve uploaded your files, your website is ready to go.your website is ready to go.

• It may take a day or two for your It may take a day or two for your website to show up after registering website to show up after registering the domain name and setting up the domain name and setting up your host.your host.

Hosting A Website On Your Hosting A Website On Your Own ComputerOwn Computer

• Bad IdeaBad Idea• You have to pay extra to have a You have to pay extra to have a staticstatic IP address, IP address,

meaning an IP address that never changes. Most meaning an IP address that never changes. Most ISPs provide you with a ISPs provide you with a dynamicdynamic IP address – IP address – meaning it changes every time you connect.meaning it changes every time you connect.

• It opens your computer up to major security It opens your computer up to major security concernsconcerns

• It will cause your connection to the internet to slow It will cause your connection to the internet to slow to a crawl as more and more people visit your site.to a crawl as more and more people visit your site.

• Your page will load slowly for people who visit your Your page will load slowly for people who visit your sitesite

• Many ISPs have contracts that specifically state that Many ISPs have contracts that specifically state that you may not host your own website using the IP you may not host your own website using the IP address they assign you.address they assign you.

Important TermsImportant Terms

• networknetwork• InternetInternet• W W W (World Wide W W W (World Wide

Web)Web)• Web pageWeb page• Web siteWeb site• BrowserBrowser• URL (Uniform URL (Uniform

Resource Locator)Resource Locator)• ServerServer• ClientClient• IP AddressIP Address

• ISP (Internet Service ISP (Internet Service Provider)Provider)

• HostingHosting• DNS (Domain Name DNS (Domain Name

Service)Service)• Domain NameDomain Name• http (hypertext http (hypertext

transfer protocol)transfer protocol)• DownloadingDownloading• UploadingUploading