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Alain Louchez
Managing Director of CDAIT Georgia Institute of Technology (“Georgia Tech”)
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
June 15, 2017Guadalajara, Mexico
The Internet of Things:Understanding the Issues and Challenges of a More
Connected World
2A Lot of (Confusing) Noise about the Internet of Things!
Edvard Munch “Der Schrei der Natur“, 1893: oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard, National Gallery, Oslo, Norway.
Source: http://masivaecologica.com/articulo-ultimo-miercoles-de-abril-dia-internacional-de-la-concienciacion-del-ruido
3Internet of Things: What is it about?
The expression Internet of Things (IoT) is best understood as a metaphor
that encapsulates the immersion of almost anything and everything
(previously “out of scope”) into the communications space thanks to the
timely convergence of scientific, technological, and societal advances
and trends.
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Obsolescence “Plain Old Telephone Service” (POTS) and circuit-switched networking demise, voice market
saturation coupled with rise of Internet Protocol and data
Sensors Increasing availability of a wide range of (increasingly cost-effective and powerful) macro, micro, and nano-
sensors (true also of radio modules and actuators) – Moore’s law and beyond
Infrastructure and Identification Cloud/Edge Computing, data storage, and IPv6, i.e., 340 trillion
trillion trillion addresses, fueling Big Data explosion (note: predecessor IPv4 limits the address space to 4.3 billion addresses)
Regulation Direct (e.g., emergency calls and smart metering mandates in the European Union; and, e.g., 2007
Energy Act, 2011 Food Safety Modernization Act, and 2013 Drug Supply Chain Act in the U.S.) or indirect (e.g., domains for which IoT technologies are well suited for complying with regulation such as monitoring of pollution, privacy, safety & security)
Interconnection Global pervasiveness through a broad variety of cellular, satellite, wired and other wireless
networks and protocols
Society Need for immediate feedback, remote access, control and monitoring, independence (“aging in place”),
interdependence (long supply chains), and regional and national priorities (e.g., “Industry 4.0”)
Major IoT Enabling Trends: Why Now?
January 19, 2017
5Internet of Things: Rupture With The Past?
Consumer IoT
Industrial IoT
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Internet of Things: Revolution because….?
Interconnection of Things Intelligent
Storming of the Bastille, by Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Houël (28 June 1735 – 14 November 1813)
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The Internet of Things will give rise to a world in constant change, i.e., a “pulsating world”. Why “pulsating”? Because things will be sending and
receiving data.
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The Internet of Things is a transformational journey, which has only just begun and is fraught with many
puzzles to solve and challenges to overcome.
The Internet of Things: Real? When? How Big? Etc.
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Pater (French artist, 1695-1736), The Fortune Teller, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles
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“The United States should develop a national strategy to encourage the development of the Internet of Things in a way that maximizes the
promise connected technologies hold to , foster future
, and improve the Nation’s .”
(*) H.Res.847 - Expressing the sense of the [U.S.] House of Representatives about a national strategy for the Internet of Things to promote economic growth and consumer empowerment, September 12, 2016.
The Internet of Things: Impact on Society as a Whole
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UP
Operational Efficiencies
Regulatory Compliance
The Internet of Things: Impact on Businesses
Product as a Service (outcome-based)
Brand new ecosystems (tied to the delivery, maintenance, upgrading, and leveraging of “smart goods”, i.e., products born with embedded intelligence.)
DOWN
UP
C R
P
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“The fourth industrial revolution [‘Industry 4.0’] is being powered by the internet of things and big data to develop cyber physical systems and
smart factories.” (*)
(*) Speech delivered by Rt. Hon. Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the U.K. Labour Party, to the Confederation of British Industry (CBI)’s annual conference in London, November 21st, 2016.
The Internet of Things: The Dawn of Industry 4.0
12Evolving Role of Machines in Industrial Revolutions
Steam Power Electric Power Computer Power
Interconnection Power
13Technological Challenges to IoT Development (1)
System TRUSTWORTHINESS (cybersecurity, privacy, safety, reliability, resilience, sustainability, and transparency)
ENERGY source (enhanced battery life, energy harvesting, etc.)
INTEROPERABILITY (need for standards)
New ARCHITECTURES - computing at the edge and/or in the cloud, etc. (need for commercial, government and academic collaboration)
Impact on DATA CENTERS (data storage, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.)
MINIATURIZATION and COST-EFFECTIVENESS of sensors & other interfaces with physical world (overcoming limits of Moore’s law)
“La posibilidad de realizar un sueño es lo que hace que la vida sea interesante”
Paul Coelho
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DATA ANALYTICS (aggregation, correlation and analysis)
Need for materials that can be recycled or reused to minimize adverse environmental impact of IoT DEVICE WASTE (e.g., toxicity)
ENTERPRISE ORGANIZATION (e.g., merger of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT))
ANTENNA technologies (antennas are critical IoT elements)
INTEGRATION of complex value chain (IoT orchestration and automation)
Link between the past and the future (re. LEGACY systems: pre-Internet assets continue to provide value, but need IoT connectivity)
Technological Challenges to IoT Development (2)
“Atreverse es lanzarse a triunfar con tal perseverancia hasta llegar a la cima”
Miguel Ángel Cornejo
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ETHICS (we can but should we?; need for a code of ethics in IoT?)
EDUCATION (future workforce) & TRAINING (current workforce, i.e., “re-skilling”) – broad range of expertise needed
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (e.g., business models; monetization [ROI], marketing; etc.)
HESITANT DEMAND for IoT solutions (more so in Consumer IoT thanin Industrial IoT)
ADVOCACY (What is IoT?, IoT potential? IoT benefits? How to overcome resistance to change and complexity? etc.)
TECHNICAL TRADE-OFF MANAGEMENT (value judgment), e.g., security vs. speed; power consumption vs. features, etc. – Whomakes the choice/decision?
Non-technological Challenges to IoT Development (1)
Popocatépetl
“Si no escalas la montaña, jamas podrás disfrutar el paisaje.”
Pablo Neruda
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Access to FINANCING and favorable tax environment to foster IoT innovation
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT (too much or not enough?, regulatory silos?): POLICY (e.g., digital development), LAWS (e.g., liability, intellectual property, and data sovereignty) and REGULATIONS (e.g., frequency availability and devicecertification)
EXPECTATIONS (“Amara’s law”, i.e., we tend to “overestimate the effect of a technology in the
short run and underestimate the effect in the long run”, long-term transformation vs. short-term demands)
International COOPERATION and COMPETITION
SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY (e.g., Net job destruction? Solution to demographicchallenges? “Surveillance society”? How much intelligence in the devices? Whocontrols? Who monitors the controllers? etc.)
Existence of “DOMESTIC/GLOBAL DIGITAL DIVIDE” (pertaining to age, disability, gender, income, ethnicity, location, etc.)
Non-technological Challenges to IoT Development (2)
Pico de Orizaba
“Si al franquear una montaña en ladirección de una estrella el viajero se
deja absorber demasiado por losproblemas del escalamiento se arriesgaa olvidar cuál es la estrella que lo guía.”
Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Carta a un rehén, 1943
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The Internet of Things is taking off: What are we going to do?
AQUÍ Y AHORA