TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup
Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes
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Titleslide
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1.
• Wearedealingwithtime.Theearlierwecangetemployeesmovingtosafety,thebetter.
• Weknowwecanreducetimeandpotentiallysavelivesatworkandathomewithautomaticdetection/alarmsystems.
• Wealsoknowthatsuppressionsystemssuchassprinklerscangainusprecioustime.
• Andfinallyweknowthatgettingpeopletomovewithoutaskingquestionsorexploringalsobuysustime.
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2.
Thisisthetime/temperaturecurve.• Thehorizontallinerepresentstime.• Theverticallinerepresentstemperature.• Astimeincreases,ifthereisnosuppressionofthefire,althoughthethreattolifemaybeinitiallyislow,itdramaticallyincreaseswithinashorttime.
• Asthetemperatureincreasessodoesthethreattolife.• Notethatthethreatbeginslowandgenerallyremainslowforthefirstpartofthecurve,butdependingonthefuelandtheamountofoxygen,thisvariablecanchange.
• Smokeandotherbyproductssuchascarbonmonoxidegasalsostarttodevelopandincreaseovertime.
• Thesoonerthealarmsounds,thesoonerpeoplemove,thebetterthesituation.
IllustrationDGold
3.
Therearefourdistinctphasesofevacuationthatweneedtounderstandandagreeon.Phase1:TheDetectionPhase.• Thisisfromignitiontoalert.Theremaybeatimelagbeforeadetectororahumanbeingdetectsafire.
• Oncedetectedinanautomatedsystemthealarmwillsoundimmediately.
• Howeverintheabsenceofadetector/alarmsystemsomeoneobservingthefirewillneedtogivethealarm.
Phase2:Thepre-movementphase.• Fromthealert,whenthefirehasbeendetected,analarmactivatedtoevacuateandthealarmisrecognizeduntiloccupantsstartmoving.
• Thisisanimportantphasebecauseherecomplacencyplaysanimportantrole.Whenpeopleaskthemselveswhethertheyshouldevacuateornot,criticaltimemaybelost.
• Duringthepre-movementphasepeopletendtodoubtthereisanalarm.
• Theymaylookforthesourceofthefireortrytoconfirmthereisactuallyareasontoevacuate.
• Peoplemaysecurevaluables,turnoffequipmentorlookforpersonalbelongingstheywishtotakewiththem.
• Peoplemayalsolookfortheircolleaguesorfriendspriortomoving.
Phase3:Traveltime.Thisistheamountoftimeittakesforthe
Complacencyduringevacuationalarms
AseminarorganisedbytheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup
Time=threeminutesorless
Temperature
Time
Threattolife
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1=Igni.on2=Detec.on3=Alarm
4=Movementstarts5=Evacueesreachexit
7=Accoun.ngatassemblyarea
Detec.onphase
Pre-movementPhase
Travel.me
6=Evacueesclearexit
Flow.me
TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup
Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes
Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage2of4
individualtomovethroughthestructuretoanexit.• Itisnormallyapre-determined,safe,well-lighted,unobstructedsaferoute.
• Traveltimemaybeinfluencedbyblockedorobstructedpathways,poorlighting,orthefactthatthemostdirectwayoutofthebuildingmaynotbethesafestrouteduehazardousareas(whichshouldbeavoided).
Phase4:FlowTime.Thetimeittakestogetthroughanexitdoor.• Thesizeoftheexit,weatherconditions,lightingandthecalmnessofevacueesallhaveaninfluenceonflowtime.
IllustrationDGold
4.
Hereisanoverlayoftheprevioustwoslides.• Ingeneraltermsallindividualsinthebuilding,includingevacuationwardensneedtobeoutofthebuildingandinaplaceofsafetywithinTHREEMINUTES.
• However,incertainbuildings,suchasthoseconstructedoutofcombustiblematerials(suchastimberfloorsandwalls)themaximumevacuationtimeisshorter(2½minutes).
• Thekeymessagehereisthatthelongeronprocrastinates,looksforfriendsorconfirmsthatitreallyisanalarm,thehighertheriskofnotescapingfromthedangersoffire.
IllustrationDGold
5.
Weknowthat:• Familiaritywithdesignatedemergencyescaperoutescanreducetheevacuationtime.
• Evacuationmapsanddrillstrengthensthisfamiliarityandpotentiallybuildsontheself-disciplinetoimmediatelyevacuate.
Asystemoftrainedfirewardens(orevacuationwardens)isapowerfultooltogetworkerscalmlymoving.
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6.
Comingbacktotime,thegenerallyacceptedevacuationtimeintheUKis:evacuationofallemployeestoaplaceofsafetyinthreeminutes.
PhotocreditDGold
7.
Withintheaviationindustrythestandardforevacuationfromanaircraftis90seconds.Thisincludesthelargestcommercialaircraft,theA380.HereisavideoofaPolishLOTaircraftthathadamalfunctionofitslandinggear.Ithadtolandonitsengines,creatingaseriouspotentialforfire.Oncetheaircrafthadstopped,thecabincrewevacuatedeveryoneinlessthan90seconds.Fromtheofficialreport,“Evacuationwasinitiatedbythecabincrewimmediatelyaftertheairplanecametorestontherunway.Escapeslideswereusedforevacuation.Theywereactivatedafteropeningmaindoorsontheleftandrightsidesinfrontandbackoftheairplane.Additionalwaysofevacuationweretwowindowslocatedontheleftsideoftheairplane,overthewing.Twootherevacuationwindows,locatedontherightsideoftheairplaneoverthewing,werenotopenedandnotusedforevacuation.Allpassengersandcabincrewlefttheairplane.
Temperature
Threattolife
12 3 4 5 6
Evacuationwardens
Familiaritywithemergencyproceduresanddesignatedescaperoutes
Fullevacuation<3minutes
LOTPolishAirlinesFltLO161Nov2011
TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup
Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes
Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage3of4
Evacuationprocedurelastedabout90seconds.ThelastpersontoevacuatewastheFirstOfficer,whoaftercheckingtheairplaneboard,leftitviatherearleftdoor.TheheadofcabincrewandtheCaptainremainedontheboarduntilfirefightersarrived.Noneofthepassengersandcrewsufferedinjuries”.Clickvideo.
8.
Hereisavideothatdemonstratesthedangerofconformityduringanevacuationwhenoneisinfluencedbyagroup.
Source:HeroicImaginationProjectwww.heroicimagination.orgStandardYouTubelicense
9.
GroupworkbasedoncasestudyPhotocredit©Istock
10.
Hereisaninformationsheetthatcanhelpstimulateworkerawarenessoftheneedforeffectiveemergencyevacuation.DistributetheinformationsheetorprovideWebDownloadreference
11.
Hereisamanagement-basedsecondinformationsheetthatsummarisesanumberofpointsyouraisedduringthegroupwork.DistributetheinformationsheetorprovideWebDownloadreference
12.
Let’ssummarise:Foraneffectiveevacuationweneedthefollowing(lackinganyofthecomponentscanbeafailurepointandcancostlives).
1. Afunctioningalarmsystem2. Knowledgeofwhattodo3. Clearunobstructedpassageways4. Asystemofaccountability
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DangerousConformity,2011(StandardYouTubeLicense)
Groupwork
IOSHFireSafetyInformationSheet(1)
FireSafetyInformationSheet1
Knowandpracticewhattodowhenyouhearafirealarm
Whenyouhearafirealarmimmediately:1. STOPwhatyouaredoing.2. SHUTDOWNYORMACHINEifsafetodoso.3. GOcalmlytotheexternalemergencyassemblyareabyyourprimaryexit.
Forfurtherinformationcontactyourdesignatedfireevacuationwardenoryour???atExtension????
IOSHFRMGINFOSheetMgt1V-1
FireSafetyInformationSheetMgt1
Raiseawarenessandconductregulardrillsto
combatcomplacencywhentheevacuation
alarmisactivated
Tocombatcomplacencywhentheevacuationalarmisactivated:1. Ensurethereisafunctioningalarmsystem.Ifthereisonlyonesignalitshouldalwaysbetheevacuationalarm.
2. Ensurethereisanup-to-dateemergencyactionplanthatclearlystipulatesrolesandresponsibilitiesand
actionstotakewhenthealarmisactivated.
3. Ensurethatthereareclearlymarked,unobstructedandwelllightedprimaryandsecondarydesignatedescape
routesleadingfromallareasofthepremisestoareasofsafetywhereoccupantscanbeaccountedfor.
4. Provideateachworkstationaclearevacuationmapindicatingprimaryandsecondaryescaperoutesandthe
designatedexternalassemblypoint.
5. Ensurethatthereareclearsignsindicatingescaperoutes,exitsandexternalassemblypoints.
6. Ensurethatthereisasystemtoaccountforalloccupantsatthedesignatedexternalassemblypoint.
7. Implementtrainingandeducationforalloccupantsincludinginitialinduction,regularbriefingsandregular
refreshertraining
8. Conductatleasttwoevacuationdrillsperyear,foralloccupants,includingatleastonefullevacuationperyear
fromtheworkstationtotheexternalassemblypoint.
ForfurtherinformationcontacttheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroupat
[email protected]
IOSHFireSafetyManagementInformationSheet(MGT1)
SummarySummary
Passageways
Assemblypoints
TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup
Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes
Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage4of4
13.
Thankyou
DrDavidGoldCFIOSHChairIOSHFireRiskManagementdavid.gold@gold-knecht.comwww.gold-knecht.com+41-78-748-0609Group
