The IP RevolutionThe IP Revolution

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The IP Revolution

IP Revolution

Why now?

The 3 Pillars of the IP Revolution

How IP changes everything

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IP Revolution

This is really a misnomer

What we are in the middle of is a Digital revolution

The CCTV world is moving from Analog to Digital

This is much more than just the transmission (IP)

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What Digital means

Why have so many technologies gone digital?

Digital signals do not degrade with distance

Digital data does not degrade with time

Digital data does not degrade when copied

Incredible digital technologies can be used for IP Video

Simple concepts with huge implications

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Why Now?

The technologies required have come together at exactly the

same time

All the required technologies are now at price points which

make IP system cheaper than analog ones

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3 Pillars of the Revolution

1. Compression

2. Networks

3. Storage

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Pillar 1: Compression

Raw PAL/NTSC video runs at 158 Mbps

This needs to be compressed!

This will get worse with HD

• 720p HD Video is 500 Mbps

• 1080p HD Video is 1,000 Mbps!

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CCTV and TV

Compression for TV is different

In the TV world there are millions of decoders for every encoder

In CCTV it is the other way around

CCTV needs low latency

So a good compression standard for TV is not good for CCTV

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Compression Tools

MJPEG – simple to implement but not good

MPEG-4 – more difficult to implement, but good compression

H.264 (now MPEG4 part 10) difficult to implement and excellent

compression

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Compression comparison

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Time (s)

Bit

rate

(kb

ps)

8000 MPEG-4

9000 H.264

Moving traffic

No traffic

Moving traffic

MJPEG at 5fps

MPEG-4 with no ME

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What bitrate?

Assuming a Good H.264 compressor:

• Standard PAL/NTSC: 2 Mbps

• 720p HD: 1 – 6 Mbps

• 1080p HD: 2 – 10 Mbps

A bad compressor will 10x these values – and your storage will be

10x!

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Pillar 2: Networks

Ethernet Switching has revolutionised networking

In a switch data is only transmitted on the ports where the data is

sent to

The ‘Backbone’ of the switch can handle much more than the speed

of each port

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Example 24 port switch

Cisco 2960

• 24 x 100Mbps ports

• 2 x 1 Gbps ports

Switching capacity 6.5 M Packets/sec

With 1 Kbit packets this is 6.5 G bps

That is 3000 streams of 2Mbps video!

400 Pounds

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Rack encoders

Rack based encoders reduce costs even further – as long as they

have 1 Ethernet connection

20 racks connected to a switch with 10 slots per rack gives 200

streams

At $800 per switch that is $4 per stream!

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Spreading the load

Distributing the recording around the network means that very large

systems can be built easily

For a 2000 camera system you do not just multiply the bandwidth

by the number of streams

More details this afternoon

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Long distance

If you can lay fibre the cost per stream is very low

Wireless technology has dropped in price

WAN networking costs are dropping and available bandwidths are

climbing

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Choosing switches

Make sure the whole network is thought out and designed

Check features like the maximum number of multicast groups

Always buy managed switches

Don’t scrimp – but don’t over engineer!

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Power Over Ethernet

This technology has always been good

The price per slot is now very low

The PoE premium is around £7 per port

Compared to the cost of cabling and individual power supplies

this is a huge saving

A new standard will provide enough power for PTZ!

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Pillar 3: Storage

Storage can be as much as 50% of the total system cost

Disks just keep getting bigger (now 1.5TB)

End users want to record:

• Higher quality

• Higher frame rates

• For longer

HD Cameras demand even more storage!

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Video Storage is not normal

CCTV puts very high demands on storage

Data rates are very high and relentless

The read/write ratio is completely different to a general office

environment

CCTV is 99.9% write 0.1% read

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Not all disks are the same!

All disk manufacturers have disks with different ratings

Make sure the disks in your NVR are rated for 24/7/365

operation

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Why IP Changes Everything

Distance does not matter

Easy scalability

Software decode – workstation based security

Analog: cheap input - expensive output

Digital: cheap input - free output

Composite video is dead

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Distance does not matter

In an analog system distance is everything

In a digital world a camera on a network is on the network –

regardless of distance

A camera 100ft away is the same as one 10 miles away

An NVR 100ft away is the same as one 100 miles away

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Easy Scalability

Modern networks have capacity to handle many thousands of

streams

Modern workstations can decode many streams of video

As long as the software supports large numbers scalability is easy

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Software Decode

Viewing video does not need custom equipment

Viewing video does not need hardware help

Decoding video is much easier than encoding it

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Analog - Digital

When IP video is compressed – the hard bit is done

Taking a video stream off of the network and displaying it just

needs a PC based workstation

In the digital world viewing is cheap

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Summary

3 Pillars of the Revolution

1. Compression

2. Networks

3. Storage

Thank YouThank You