The Italian National Seismic Network and the earthquake andtsunami monitoring and surveillance systemsAlberto Michelini Lucia Margheriti Marco Cattaneo Gianpaolo Cecere Giuseppe DrsquoAnna Alberto DelladioMilena Moretti Stefano Pintore Alessandro Amato Alberto Basili Andrea Bono Paolo Casale Peter DanecekMartina Demartin Licia Faenza Valentino Lauciani Alfonso Giovanni Mandiello Alessandro MarchettiCarlo Marcocci Salvatore Mazza Francesco Mariano Mele Anna Nardi Concetta Nostro Maurizio PignoneMatteo Quintiliani Sandro Rao Laura Scognamiglio and Giulio SelvaggiIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Centro Nazionale Terremoti Rome 00143 Italy
Correspondence to Lucia Margheriti (luciamargheritiingvit)
Received 15 July 2016 ndash Revised 11 October 2016 ndash Accepted 14 October 2016 ndash Published 9 November 2016
Abstract The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) is an Italian research institution with focus onEarth Sciences INGV runs the Italian National Seismic Net-work (Rete Sismica Nazionale RSN) and other networks atnational scale for monitoring earthquakes and tsunami as apart of the National Civil Protection System coordinated bythe Italian Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento diProtezione Civile DPC)
RSN is composed of about 400 stations mainly broad-band installed in the Country and in the surrounding regionsabout 110 stations feature also co-located strong motion in-struments and about 180 have GPS receivers and belong tothe National GPS network (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPSRING)
The data acquisition system was designed to accomplishin near-real-time automatic earthquake detection hypocen-ter and magnitude determination moment tensors shakemaps and other products of interest for DPC Databasearchiving of all parametric results are closely linked to theexisting procedures of the INGV seismic monitoring envi-ronment and surveillance procedures INGV is one of theprimary nodes of ORFEUS (Observatories amp Research Facil-ities for European Seismology) EIDA (European IntegratedData Archive) for the archiving and distribution of contin-uous quality checked seismic data The strong motion net-work data are archived and distributed both in EIDA and inevent based archives GPS data from the RING network arealso archived analyzed and distributed at INGV
Overall the Italian earthquake surveillance service pro-vides in quasi real-time hypocenter parameters to the DPC
These are then revised routinely by the analysts of the Ital-ian Seismic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) Theresults are published on the web these are available to boththe scientific community and the general public The INGVsurveillance includes a pre-operational tsunami alert servicesince INGV is one of the Tsunami Service providers of theNorth-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami warningSystem (NEAMTWS)
1 Introduction
The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) isan important Italian public research institution (httpwwwingviten) INGV carries on research in the Earth Sciencescombining data from geophysical networks and results fromfundamental research into the assessment of geo-hazards
INGV is the reference institution of the Italian Depart-ment of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione CivileDPC) and is part of the National Civil Protection SystemIt is in charge of the surveillance of the seismicity and vol-canic activity of the entire national territory through state-of-the-art instrumental networks covering Italy and concen-trated around the main active volcanoes
The signals recorded by these networks are transmitted inreal-time to the 247 operations rooms in Rome Naples andCatania The data are archived and distributed through webportal developed by INGV and integrated at European andglobal scales
Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
32 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
INGV is also a constituent of the Italian tsunami warningsystem (Sistema Nazionale Allerta Maremoto SiAM) andsince recently tsunami service provides (TSP) of the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami Warning Sys-tem (NEAMTWS next to operational at the moment of writ-ing this manuscript)
Here we describe the various networks databases andmonitoring products of the National Earthquake Center(Centro Nazionale Terremoti CNT one of the organizationalunits of INGV) and concisely the earthquake and tsunamisurveillance systems at INGV Rome
2 National Seismic Networks
INGV operates several permanent and mobile networks de-ployed over the entire Italian territory Such networks pro-duce a large amount of observational data feeding both sci-entific and surveillance activities The instrumental networksmonitor all the relevant geophysical parameters for the Na-tional and local Civil Protection systems and at the sametime represent the foundation of virtually all research ac-tivities carried on by scientists to address the complex geo-dynamics of Italy and neighboring regions both locally andregionally These networks comprise the main infrastructuremanaged by INGV and focus the majority of its financial andhuman resources
The CNT has been in charge of developing and maintain-ing the national networks for the last 30 years ensuring con-tinuous technological update increase of the quality and thequantity of the sensors and the improvement of data trans-mission and of the preprocessing performances
The National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica NazionaleRSN Amato and Mele 2008) counts about 400 state-of-art seismic stations equipped with 3-component velocime-ters ranging from (very) broadband to short period (Fig 1httpcntrmingviteninstruments)
The CNT has installed and operates most of thesestations although a considerable number of stationsthat are also contributing to the INGV surveillancesystem has been installed and is maintained by otherINGV offices (Naples Catania Bologna Milan PisaArezzo) INGV network has international code IV(INGV Seismological Data Centre 1997 Rete SismicaNazionale (RSN) doi1013127SDX0FXNH7QFYhttpcntrmingviteninstrumentsnetworkIV) It iscomplemented by about 20 VBB stations forming theMediterranean Network (MedNet international codeMN) managed by CNT in collaboration with the hostingEuro-Mediterranean Institutions (MedNet project partnerinstitutions Mediterranean Very Broadband SeismographicNetwork (MedNet) doi1013127SDFBBBTDTD6QhttpcntrmingviteninstrumentsnetworkMN) OtherItalian or European Institutions contribute to the RSN withtheir networks (httpcntrmingviteninstruments)
The Italian institutions collaborating with INGV for theRSN include the Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (Seis-mological Research Center CRS) of the Istituto Nazionaledi Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale ndash OGS (Ital-ian National Institute for Oceanography and ExperimentalGeophysics) in Udine ldquoPrato Ricercherdquo in Prato Osser-vatorio Sismico ldquoAndrea Binardquo in Perugia several Univer-sities Genova Univ (Dipartimento di Scienze della TerradellrsquoAmbiente e della Vita DISTAV in Genova) CalabriaUniv (in Cosenza) Trieste Univ (in Trieste) and some lo-cal municipalities as Bolzano and Trento Monitoring earth-quakes in the Euro ndash Mediterranean region and globally iscarried out by collecting real-time global data upon bilateralagreements from many other European and extra-Europeanstations through centers like the Helmholtz-Zentrum Pots-dam ndash Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) the UnitedStates Geological Survey and its National Earthquake In-formation Center (NEIC) Incorporated Research Institu-tions for Seismology (IRIS) National Observatory of Athens(NOA) and others
Several of the seismic stations are also equipped withstrong motion sensors (accelerometers) and with GPS an-tennas (Figs 1 2) The variety of instrumentation and datatransmission in the RSN is detailed in Table 1 In particularone of the digitizer widely adopted by INGV has been de-signed and is produced by CNT and is commonly referred asthe GAIA data logger (Amato et al 2006) This is a 24 bitDigital Acquisition System (DAS) that incorporates LinuxOperating System and it is a modular easily settable lowpower and low cost DAS It is quite compact and character-ized by high connectivity
The important technological upgrades carried out in thelast years have allowed for significant improvements of theseismic monitoring of Italy and of the Euro-MediterraneanCountries The adopted data transmission systems includesatellite local wireless connections (UMTS WIFI etc) andwired lines Mainly Seedlink protocol has been adopted fordata transmission
Many of the sites of the RSN especially in south-ern Italy and Sicily are also GPS permanent recordingsites of the ldquoRete Integrata Nazionale GPSrdquo (INGV RINGWorking Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS (RING)doi1013127RING Fig 3) RING integrates GPS receiverswith broad-band seismometers and accelerometers and thedata are transmitted through a real-time satellite connectionprimarily to the main data hubs Presently we have installedmore than 180 receivers connected with three main hubs atthe acquisition centers located in Rome Grottaminarda andCatania Nowadays the RING represents a technologicallyadvanced infrastructure and a reference point for several re-gional government institutions and enterprises in the field ofthe geodesy (Avallone et al 2010)
The co-location of different instruments (Fig 2) allowsus to record the entire frequency range of the deformationprocess that leads to earthquake occurrence from the inter-
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 33
Figure 1 The Italian seismic network RSN dark blue triangles are the stations belonging to IV and MN networks directly owned andmanaged by INGV light blue triangles are stations owned and managed by other national and international institutions that contribute to theINGV surveillance system Red small triangles indicate stations equipped with accelerometers
seismic strain accumulation on faults to the radiative partduring the rupture process Almost all the stations have beeninstalled in the free field thank to the low power consump-tion of the satellite transmission that can be run with solarpanels Many RING GPS remote sites transmit data at 30 sof sampling rate in real-time streaming adopting the Nano-metrics LIBRA VSAT technology and using the Intelsat andHellasat satellite systems The satellite communication forthe transmission of the geodetic signal has been chosen forits autonomy reliability simplicity possibility to have highquality of data and economy As an alternative to the satellite
systems some sites are provided with Internet communica-tion (by cable Universal Mobile Telecommunications Sys-tem ndash UMTS Satellite Internet) or dedicated WiFi MeshNetwork designed implemented and maintained by the CNTengineers and technicians These infrastructures allow us toacquire the GPS data in real-time at 1 s of sampling rate
The data acquired continuously from seismometric accelero-metric (Mazza et al 2012) and GPS networks are archivedat INGV following international standards The distributionof the continuous waveforms (velocimeter and accelerome-ter signals) is done through the European Integrated seis-
mic Data Archive (EIDA) EIDA is a distributed and fed-erated data center part of ORFEUS (Observatories amp Re-search Facilities for European Seismology) established to se-curely archive seismic waveform data and related metadatagathered by European research infrastructures and to pro-vide transparent access to the archives by the geosciencesresearch communities (Fig 4) INGV is one of the primary
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 35
Figure 3 RING the Italian GPS National network
node of the federate archive and develops and provides a se-ries of web services to access explore and download dataand metadata contained in the archive (Fig 5) EIDA nodesare data centers which collect and archive data from seis-mic networks Networks contributing data to EIDA are listedin the ORFEUS EIDA network list (httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks) Technically EIDA is based on anunderlying architecture developed by GFZ to provide trans-parent access to data of all nodes Formally EIDA is a spe-cial working group of ORFEUS ndash the organization that since1987 started to promote digital seismology in Europe in allaspects especially the research of seismic waves in a broadfrequency range (so called ldquobroad-band seismologyrdquo)
The current EIDA nodes are KNMIORFEUS DataCenter (ODC)Netherlands GEOFONGFZGermanySEDETHZSwitzerland RESIFINSU-CNRSFranceINGVItaly NIEPRomania KOERITurkeyBGRGermany NOAGreece IPGPFrance andLMUGermany Other European institutions contributewith their data archives to EIDA in a continuous collabora-tion between institutions
The seismometric and strong motion network data arealso archived and distributed through event based archives asthe Italian Seismological Instrumental and parametric Data-base (ISIDe working group 2016) the Italian Acceleromet-
Figure 4 EIDA access portal to the seismic data
ric Archive (ITACA working group 2016) the EngineeringStrong-Motion database (ESM working group 2015) andINGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD httpismdmiingvit)GPS data from the RING network are archived analysedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit (INGV RING Working Group 2016)
GPS data from the RING network are archived analyzedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit
4 Operations
The INGV seismic monitoring system provides prompt andreliable earthquake locations and magnitudes occurring inItaly and surrounding areas (Amato and Mele 2008) andaccurate estimates in the Mediterranean Basin and world-wide (Bernardi et al 2015) The data recorded by the mon-itoring networks are transmitted in real-time to the opera-tional rooms in Rome Naples and Catania where highlytrained 247 staff analyze them to obtain the main parame-ters of the ongoing events and processes Additional disaster-recovery rooms in Rome and Grottaminarda can be activatedif needed Monitoring products are the basis of the seismicsurveillance and tsunami alert done by INGV as a part ofthe National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Ital-ian DPC Since October 2014 a pre-operational service oftsunami alert for the Mediterranean Sea regions started oper-ating in the same operational room in Rome where seismicsurveillance is carried out
36 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
Figure 5 INGV web services at httpwebservicesrmingvit
Figure 6 Surveillance operational room in Rome
41 Seismic surveillance
The seismic data flow continuously with maximum delays ofa few seconds into the INGV acquisition system in Romewhere several automatic procedures availing of the Earth-worm software package (Mele et al 2010 and referencestherein) allow for the near real-time detection of local anddistant earthquakes their locations and magnitudes and thecreation of reports and maps (including shake maps eghttpcntrmingvitenevent7073641 tab Impact) for theDPC For earthquakes in Italy the current agreement betweenINGV and DPC states that the first information with loca-tion and magnitude must be sent within the first 120 s af-ter any potentially felt earthquake in Italy More detailed in-formation follows in the next few minutes (typically 10 to15 min) during which seismologists on the duty shift reviseearthquake location and magnitude The total number of peo-ple involved in the shifts at the operational center consists of
about 120 persons including researchers technologists andtechnical staff The operations in the seismic and alert centerare organized in three shifts of four persons (two seismolo-gists a tsunami specialist and an engineer) per day In caseof need ie earthquakes above a certain threshold additionaltechnical people and earthquake or tsunami experts becomeavailable and reach the center
Earthquakes from abroad are also examined and promptlynotified to the DPC (ie M ge 50 for the Euro-Mediterraneanregion and M ge 60 globally) Above certain magnitudethreshold or upon DPC request an earthquake report is pro-duced in the first 1ndash2 h after the origin time
As an example of the operational activities during 2014more than 27 000 earthquakes have been located in Italy andsurrounding areas Slightly less than 800 earthquakes havebeen notified according to the procedure outlined above toDPC (ie M ge 25) via phone e-mail sms and publishedin quasi real-time on the web and on social networks (eg
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
32 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
INGV is also a constituent of the Italian tsunami warningsystem (Sistema Nazionale Allerta Maremoto SiAM) andsince recently tsunami service provides (TSP) of the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami Warning Sys-tem (NEAMTWS next to operational at the moment of writ-ing this manuscript)
Here we describe the various networks databases andmonitoring products of the National Earthquake Center(Centro Nazionale Terremoti CNT one of the organizationalunits of INGV) and concisely the earthquake and tsunamisurveillance systems at INGV Rome
2 National Seismic Networks
INGV operates several permanent and mobile networks de-ployed over the entire Italian territory Such networks pro-duce a large amount of observational data feeding both sci-entific and surveillance activities The instrumental networksmonitor all the relevant geophysical parameters for the Na-tional and local Civil Protection systems and at the sametime represent the foundation of virtually all research ac-tivities carried on by scientists to address the complex geo-dynamics of Italy and neighboring regions both locally andregionally These networks comprise the main infrastructuremanaged by INGV and focus the majority of its financial andhuman resources
The CNT has been in charge of developing and maintain-ing the national networks for the last 30 years ensuring con-tinuous technological update increase of the quality and thequantity of the sensors and the improvement of data trans-mission and of the preprocessing performances
The National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica NazionaleRSN Amato and Mele 2008) counts about 400 state-of-art seismic stations equipped with 3-component velocime-ters ranging from (very) broadband to short period (Fig 1httpcntrmingviteninstruments)
The CNT has installed and operates most of thesestations although a considerable number of stationsthat are also contributing to the INGV surveillancesystem has been installed and is maintained by otherINGV offices (Naples Catania Bologna Milan PisaArezzo) INGV network has international code IV(INGV Seismological Data Centre 1997 Rete SismicaNazionale (RSN) doi1013127SDX0FXNH7QFYhttpcntrmingviteninstrumentsnetworkIV) It iscomplemented by about 20 VBB stations forming theMediterranean Network (MedNet international codeMN) managed by CNT in collaboration with the hostingEuro-Mediterranean Institutions (MedNet project partnerinstitutions Mediterranean Very Broadband SeismographicNetwork (MedNet) doi1013127SDFBBBTDTD6QhttpcntrmingviteninstrumentsnetworkMN) OtherItalian or European Institutions contribute to the RSN withtheir networks (httpcntrmingviteninstruments)
The Italian institutions collaborating with INGV for theRSN include the Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (Seis-mological Research Center CRS) of the Istituto Nazionaledi Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale ndash OGS (Ital-ian National Institute for Oceanography and ExperimentalGeophysics) in Udine ldquoPrato Ricercherdquo in Prato Osser-vatorio Sismico ldquoAndrea Binardquo in Perugia several Univer-sities Genova Univ (Dipartimento di Scienze della TerradellrsquoAmbiente e della Vita DISTAV in Genova) CalabriaUniv (in Cosenza) Trieste Univ (in Trieste) and some lo-cal municipalities as Bolzano and Trento Monitoring earth-quakes in the Euro ndash Mediterranean region and globally iscarried out by collecting real-time global data upon bilateralagreements from many other European and extra-Europeanstations through centers like the Helmholtz-Zentrum Pots-dam ndash Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) the UnitedStates Geological Survey and its National Earthquake In-formation Center (NEIC) Incorporated Research Institu-tions for Seismology (IRIS) National Observatory of Athens(NOA) and others
Several of the seismic stations are also equipped withstrong motion sensors (accelerometers) and with GPS an-tennas (Figs 1 2) The variety of instrumentation and datatransmission in the RSN is detailed in Table 1 In particularone of the digitizer widely adopted by INGV has been de-signed and is produced by CNT and is commonly referred asthe GAIA data logger (Amato et al 2006) This is a 24 bitDigital Acquisition System (DAS) that incorporates LinuxOperating System and it is a modular easily settable lowpower and low cost DAS It is quite compact and character-ized by high connectivity
The important technological upgrades carried out in thelast years have allowed for significant improvements of theseismic monitoring of Italy and of the Euro-MediterraneanCountries The adopted data transmission systems includesatellite local wireless connections (UMTS WIFI etc) andwired lines Mainly Seedlink protocol has been adopted fordata transmission
Many of the sites of the RSN especially in south-ern Italy and Sicily are also GPS permanent recordingsites of the ldquoRete Integrata Nazionale GPSrdquo (INGV RINGWorking Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS (RING)doi1013127RING Fig 3) RING integrates GPS receiverswith broad-band seismometers and accelerometers and thedata are transmitted through a real-time satellite connectionprimarily to the main data hubs Presently we have installedmore than 180 receivers connected with three main hubs atthe acquisition centers located in Rome Grottaminarda andCatania Nowadays the RING represents a technologicallyadvanced infrastructure and a reference point for several re-gional government institutions and enterprises in the field ofthe geodesy (Avallone et al 2010)
The co-location of different instruments (Fig 2) allowsus to record the entire frequency range of the deformationprocess that leads to earthquake occurrence from the inter-
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 33
Figure 1 The Italian seismic network RSN dark blue triangles are the stations belonging to IV and MN networks directly owned andmanaged by INGV light blue triangles are stations owned and managed by other national and international institutions that contribute to theINGV surveillance system Red small triangles indicate stations equipped with accelerometers
seismic strain accumulation on faults to the radiative partduring the rupture process Almost all the stations have beeninstalled in the free field thank to the low power consump-tion of the satellite transmission that can be run with solarpanels Many RING GPS remote sites transmit data at 30 sof sampling rate in real-time streaming adopting the Nano-metrics LIBRA VSAT technology and using the Intelsat andHellasat satellite systems The satellite communication forthe transmission of the geodetic signal has been chosen forits autonomy reliability simplicity possibility to have highquality of data and economy As an alternative to the satellite
systems some sites are provided with Internet communica-tion (by cable Universal Mobile Telecommunications Sys-tem ndash UMTS Satellite Internet) or dedicated WiFi MeshNetwork designed implemented and maintained by the CNTengineers and technicians These infrastructures allow us toacquire the GPS data in real-time at 1 s of sampling rate
The data acquired continuously from seismometric accelero-metric (Mazza et al 2012) and GPS networks are archivedat INGV following international standards The distributionof the continuous waveforms (velocimeter and accelerome-ter signals) is done through the European Integrated seis-
mic Data Archive (EIDA) EIDA is a distributed and fed-erated data center part of ORFEUS (Observatories amp Re-search Facilities for European Seismology) established to se-curely archive seismic waveform data and related metadatagathered by European research infrastructures and to pro-vide transparent access to the archives by the geosciencesresearch communities (Fig 4) INGV is one of the primary
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 35
Figure 3 RING the Italian GPS National network
node of the federate archive and develops and provides a se-ries of web services to access explore and download dataand metadata contained in the archive (Fig 5) EIDA nodesare data centers which collect and archive data from seis-mic networks Networks contributing data to EIDA are listedin the ORFEUS EIDA network list (httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks) Technically EIDA is based on anunderlying architecture developed by GFZ to provide trans-parent access to data of all nodes Formally EIDA is a spe-cial working group of ORFEUS ndash the organization that since1987 started to promote digital seismology in Europe in allaspects especially the research of seismic waves in a broadfrequency range (so called ldquobroad-band seismologyrdquo)
The current EIDA nodes are KNMIORFEUS DataCenter (ODC)Netherlands GEOFONGFZGermanySEDETHZSwitzerland RESIFINSU-CNRSFranceINGVItaly NIEPRomania KOERITurkeyBGRGermany NOAGreece IPGPFrance andLMUGermany Other European institutions contributewith their data archives to EIDA in a continuous collabora-tion between institutions
The seismometric and strong motion network data arealso archived and distributed through event based archives asthe Italian Seismological Instrumental and parametric Data-base (ISIDe working group 2016) the Italian Acceleromet-
Figure 4 EIDA access portal to the seismic data
ric Archive (ITACA working group 2016) the EngineeringStrong-Motion database (ESM working group 2015) andINGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD httpismdmiingvit)GPS data from the RING network are archived analysedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit (INGV RING Working Group 2016)
GPS data from the RING network are archived analyzedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit
4 Operations
The INGV seismic monitoring system provides prompt andreliable earthquake locations and magnitudes occurring inItaly and surrounding areas (Amato and Mele 2008) andaccurate estimates in the Mediterranean Basin and world-wide (Bernardi et al 2015) The data recorded by the mon-itoring networks are transmitted in real-time to the opera-tional rooms in Rome Naples and Catania where highlytrained 247 staff analyze them to obtain the main parame-ters of the ongoing events and processes Additional disaster-recovery rooms in Rome and Grottaminarda can be activatedif needed Monitoring products are the basis of the seismicsurveillance and tsunami alert done by INGV as a part ofthe National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Ital-ian DPC Since October 2014 a pre-operational service oftsunami alert for the Mediterranean Sea regions started oper-ating in the same operational room in Rome where seismicsurveillance is carried out
36 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
Figure 5 INGV web services at httpwebservicesrmingvit
Figure 6 Surveillance operational room in Rome
41 Seismic surveillance
The seismic data flow continuously with maximum delays ofa few seconds into the INGV acquisition system in Romewhere several automatic procedures availing of the Earth-worm software package (Mele et al 2010 and referencestherein) allow for the near real-time detection of local anddistant earthquakes their locations and magnitudes and thecreation of reports and maps (including shake maps eghttpcntrmingvitenevent7073641 tab Impact) for theDPC For earthquakes in Italy the current agreement betweenINGV and DPC states that the first information with loca-tion and magnitude must be sent within the first 120 s af-ter any potentially felt earthquake in Italy More detailed in-formation follows in the next few minutes (typically 10 to15 min) during which seismologists on the duty shift reviseearthquake location and magnitude The total number of peo-ple involved in the shifts at the operational center consists of
about 120 persons including researchers technologists andtechnical staff The operations in the seismic and alert centerare organized in three shifts of four persons (two seismolo-gists a tsunami specialist and an engineer) per day In caseof need ie earthquakes above a certain threshold additionaltechnical people and earthquake or tsunami experts becomeavailable and reach the center
Earthquakes from abroad are also examined and promptlynotified to the DPC (ie M ge 50 for the Euro-Mediterraneanregion and M ge 60 globally) Above certain magnitudethreshold or upon DPC request an earthquake report is pro-duced in the first 1ndash2 h after the origin time
As an example of the operational activities during 2014more than 27 000 earthquakes have been located in Italy andsurrounding areas Slightly less than 800 earthquakes havebeen notified according to the procedure outlined above toDPC (ie M ge 25) via phone e-mail sms and publishedin quasi real-time on the web and on social networks (eg
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 33
Figure 1 The Italian seismic network RSN dark blue triangles are the stations belonging to IV and MN networks directly owned andmanaged by INGV light blue triangles are stations owned and managed by other national and international institutions that contribute to theINGV surveillance system Red small triangles indicate stations equipped with accelerometers
seismic strain accumulation on faults to the radiative partduring the rupture process Almost all the stations have beeninstalled in the free field thank to the low power consump-tion of the satellite transmission that can be run with solarpanels Many RING GPS remote sites transmit data at 30 sof sampling rate in real-time streaming adopting the Nano-metrics LIBRA VSAT technology and using the Intelsat andHellasat satellite systems The satellite communication forthe transmission of the geodetic signal has been chosen forits autonomy reliability simplicity possibility to have highquality of data and economy As an alternative to the satellite
systems some sites are provided with Internet communica-tion (by cable Universal Mobile Telecommunications Sys-tem ndash UMTS Satellite Internet) or dedicated WiFi MeshNetwork designed implemented and maintained by the CNTengineers and technicians These infrastructures allow us toacquire the GPS data in real-time at 1 s of sampling rate
The data acquired continuously from seismometric accelero-metric (Mazza et al 2012) and GPS networks are archivedat INGV following international standards The distributionof the continuous waveforms (velocimeter and accelerome-ter signals) is done through the European Integrated seis-
mic Data Archive (EIDA) EIDA is a distributed and fed-erated data center part of ORFEUS (Observatories amp Re-search Facilities for European Seismology) established to se-curely archive seismic waveform data and related metadatagathered by European research infrastructures and to pro-vide transparent access to the archives by the geosciencesresearch communities (Fig 4) INGV is one of the primary
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 35
Figure 3 RING the Italian GPS National network
node of the federate archive and develops and provides a se-ries of web services to access explore and download dataand metadata contained in the archive (Fig 5) EIDA nodesare data centers which collect and archive data from seis-mic networks Networks contributing data to EIDA are listedin the ORFEUS EIDA network list (httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks) Technically EIDA is based on anunderlying architecture developed by GFZ to provide trans-parent access to data of all nodes Formally EIDA is a spe-cial working group of ORFEUS ndash the organization that since1987 started to promote digital seismology in Europe in allaspects especially the research of seismic waves in a broadfrequency range (so called ldquobroad-band seismologyrdquo)
The current EIDA nodes are KNMIORFEUS DataCenter (ODC)Netherlands GEOFONGFZGermanySEDETHZSwitzerland RESIFINSU-CNRSFranceINGVItaly NIEPRomania KOERITurkeyBGRGermany NOAGreece IPGPFrance andLMUGermany Other European institutions contributewith their data archives to EIDA in a continuous collabora-tion between institutions
The seismometric and strong motion network data arealso archived and distributed through event based archives asthe Italian Seismological Instrumental and parametric Data-base (ISIDe working group 2016) the Italian Acceleromet-
Figure 4 EIDA access portal to the seismic data
ric Archive (ITACA working group 2016) the EngineeringStrong-Motion database (ESM working group 2015) andINGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD httpismdmiingvit)GPS data from the RING network are archived analysedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit (INGV RING Working Group 2016)
GPS data from the RING network are archived analyzedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit
4 Operations
The INGV seismic monitoring system provides prompt andreliable earthquake locations and magnitudes occurring inItaly and surrounding areas (Amato and Mele 2008) andaccurate estimates in the Mediterranean Basin and world-wide (Bernardi et al 2015) The data recorded by the mon-itoring networks are transmitted in real-time to the opera-tional rooms in Rome Naples and Catania where highlytrained 247 staff analyze them to obtain the main parame-ters of the ongoing events and processes Additional disaster-recovery rooms in Rome and Grottaminarda can be activatedif needed Monitoring products are the basis of the seismicsurveillance and tsunami alert done by INGV as a part ofthe National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Ital-ian DPC Since October 2014 a pre-operational service oftsunami alert for the Mediterranean Sea regions started oper-ating in the same operational room in Rome where seismicsurveillance is carried out
36 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
Figure 5 INGV web services at httpwebservicesrmingvit
Figure 6 Surveillance operational room in Rome
41 Seismic surveillance
The seismic data flow continuously with maximum delays ofa few seconds into the INGV acquisition system in Romewhere several automatic procedures availing of the Earth-worm software package (Mele et al 2010 and referencestherein) allow for the near real-time detection of local anddistant earthquakes their locations and magnitudes and thecreation of reports and maps (including shake maps eghttpcntrmingvitenevent7073641 tab Impact) for theDPC For earthquakes in Italy the current agreement betweenINGV and DPC states that the first information with loca-tion and magnitude must be sent within the first 120 s af-ter any potentially felt earthquake in Italy More detailed in-formation follows in the next few minutes (typically 10 to15 min) during which seismologists on the duty shift reviseearthquake location and magnitude The total number of peo-ple involved in the shifts at the operational center consists of
about 120 persons including researchers technologists andtechnical staff The operations in the seismic and alert centerare organized in three shifts of four persons (two seismolo-gists a tsunami specialist and an engineer) per day In caseof need ie earthquakes above a certain threshold additionaltechnical people and earthquake or tsunami experts becomeavailable and reach the center
Earthquakes from abroad are also examined and promptlynotified to the DPC (ie M ge 50 for the Euro-Mediterraneanregion and M ge 60 globally) Above certain magnitudethreshold or upon DPC request an earthquake report is pro-duced in the first 1ndash2 h after the origin time
As an example of the operational activities during 2014more than 27 000 earthquakes have been located in Italy andsurrounding areas Slightly less than 800 earthquakes havebeen notified according to the procedure outlined above toDPC (ie M ge 25) via phone e-mail sms and publishedin quasi real-time on the web and on social networks (eg
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
The data acquired continuously from seismometric accelero-metric (Mazza et al 2012) and GPS networks are archivedat INGV following international standards The distributionof the continuous waveforms (velocimeter and accelerome-ter signals) is done through the European Integrated seis-
mic Data Archive (EIDA) EIDA is a distributed and fed-erated data center part of ORFEUS (Observatories amp Re-search Facilities for European Seismology) established to se-curely archive seismic waveform data and related metadatagathered by European research infrastructures and to pro-vide transparent access to the archives by the geosciencesresearch communities (Fig 4) INGV is one of the primary
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 35
Figure 3 RING the Italian GPS National network
node of the federate archive and develops and provides a se-ries of web services to access explore and download dataand metadata contained in the archive (Fig 5) EIDA nodesare data centers which collect and archive data from seis-mic networks Networks contributing data to EIDA are listedin the ORFEUS EIDA network list (httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks) Technically EIDA is based on anunderlying architecture developed by GFZ to provide trans-parent access to data of all nodes Formally EIDA is a spe-cial working group of ORFEUS ndash the organization that since1987 started to promote digital seismology in Europe in allaspects especially the research of seismic waves in a broadfrequency range (so called ldquobroad-band seismologyrdquo)
The current EIDA nodes are KNMIORFEUS DataCenter (ODC)Netherlands GEOFONGFZGermanySEDETHZSwitzerland RESIFINSU-CNRSFranceINGVItaly NIEPRomania KOERITurkeyBGRGermany NOAGreece IPGPFrance andLMUGermany Other European institutions contributewith their data archives to EIDA in a continuous collabora-tion between institutions
The seismometric and strong motion network data arealso archived and distributed through event based archives asthe Italian Seismological Instrumental and parametric Data-base (ISIDe working group 2016) the Italian Acceleromet-
Figure 4 EIDA access portal to the seismic data
ric Archive (ITACA working group 2016) the EngineeringStrong-Motion database (ESM working group 2015) andINGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD httpismdmiingvit)GPS data from the RING network are archived analysedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit (INGV RING Working Group 2016)
GPS data from the RING network are archived analyzedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit
4 Operations
The INGV seismic monitoring system provides prompt andreliable earthquake locations and magnitudes occurring inItaly and surrounding areas (Amato and Mele 2008) andaccurate estimates in the Mediterranean Basin and world-wide (Bernardi et al 2015) The data recorded by the mon-itoring networks are transmitted in real-time to the opera-tional rooms in Rome Naples and Catania where highlytrained 247 staff analyze them to obtain the main parame-ters of the ongoing events and processes Additional disaster-recovery rooms in Rome and Grottaminarda can be activatedif needed Monitoring products are the basis of the seismicsurveillance and tsunami alert done by INGV as a part ofthe National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Ital-ian DPC Since October 2014 a pre-operational service oftsunami alert for the Mediterranean Sea regions started oper-ating in the same operational room in Rome where seismicsurveillance is carried out
36 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
Figure 5 INGV web services at httpwebservicesrmingvit
Figure 6 Surveillance operational room in Rome
41 Seismic surveillance
The seismic data flow continuously with maximum delays ofa few seconds into the INGV acquisition system in Romewhere several automatic procedures availing of the Earth-worm software package (Mele et al 2010 and referencestherein) allow for the near real-time detection of local anddistant earthquakes their locations and magnitudes and thecreation of reports and maps (including shake maps eghttpcntrmingvitenevent7073641 tab Impact) for theDPC For earthquakes in Italy the current agreement betweenINGV and DPC states that the first information with loca-tion and magnitude must be sent within the first 120 s af-ter any potentially felt earthquake in Italy More detailed in-formation follows in the next few minutes (typically 10 to15 min) during which seismologists on the duty shift reviseearthquake location and magnitude The total number of peo-ple involved in the shifts at the operational center consists of
about 120 persons including researchers technologists andtechnical staff The operations in the seismic and alert centerare organized in three shifts of four persons (two seismolo-gists a tsunami specialist and an engineer) per day In caseof need ie earthquakes above a certain threshold additionaltechnical people and earthquake or tsunami experts becomeavailable and reach the center
Earthquakes from abroad are also examined and promptlynotified to the DPC (ie M ge 50 for the Euro-Mediterraneanregion and M ge 60 globally) Above certain magnitudethreshold or upon DPC request an earthquake report is pro-duced in the first 1ndash2 h after the origin time
As an example of the operational activities during 2014more than 27 000 earthquakes have been located in Italy andsurrounding areas Slightly less than 800 earthquakes havebeen notified according to the procedure outlined above toDPC (ie M ge 25) via phone e-mail sms and publishedin quasi real-time on the web and on social networks (eg
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 35
Figure 3 RING the Italian GPS National network
node of the federate archive and develops and provides a se-ries of web services to access explore and download dataand metadata contained in the archive (Fig 5) EIDA nodesare data centers which collect and archive data from seis-mic networks Networks contributing data to EIDA are listedin the ORFEUS EIDA network list (httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks) Technically EIDA is based on anunderlying architecture developed by GFZ to provide trans-parent access to data of all nodes Formally EIDA is a spe-cial working group of ORFEUS ndash the organization that since1987 started to promote digital seismology in Europe in allaspects especially the research of seismic waves in a broadfrequency range (so called ldquobroad-band seismologyrdquo)
The current EIDA nodes are KNMIORFEUS DataCenter (ODC)Netherlands GEOFONGFZGermanySEDETHZSwitzerland RESIFINSU-CNRSFranceINGVItaly NIEPRomania KOERITurkeyBGRGermany NOAGreece IPGPFrance andLMUGermany Other European institutions contributewith their data archives to EIDA in a continuous collabora-tion between institutions
The seismometric and strong motion network data arealso archived and distributed through event based archives asthe Italian Seismological Instrumental and parametric Data-base (ISIDe working group 2016) the Italian Acceleromet-
Figure 4 EIDA access portal to the seismic data
ric Archive (ITACA working group 2016) the EngineeringStrong-Motion database (ESM working group 2015) andINGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD httpismdmiingvit)GPS data from the RING network are archived analysedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit (INGV RING Working Group 2016)
GPS data from the RING network are archived analyzedand distributed at INGV and can be found at httpringgmingvit
4 Operations
The INGV seismic monitoring system provides prompt andreliable earthquake locations and magnitudes occurring inItaly and surrounding areas (Amato and Mele 2008) andaccurate estimates in the Mediterranean Basin and world-wide (Bernardi et al 2015) The data recorded by the mon-itoring networks are transmitted in real-time to the opera-tional rooms in Rome Naples and Catania where highlytrained 247 staff analyze them to obtain the main parame-ters of the ongoing events and processes Additional disaster-recovery rooms in Rome and Grottaminarda can be activatedif needed Monitoring products are the basis of the seismicsurveillance and tsunami alert done by INGV as a part ofthe National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Ital-ian DPC Since October 2014 a pre-operational service oftsunami alert for the Mediterranean Sea regions started oper-ating in the same operational room in Rome where seismicsurveillance is carried out
36 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
Figure 5 INGV web services at httpwebservicesrmingvit
Figure 6 Surveillance operational room in Rome
41 Seismic surveillance
The seismic data flow continuously with maximum delays ofa few seconds into the INGV acquisition system in Romewhere several automatic procedures availing of the Earth-worm software package (Mele et al 2010 and referencestherein) allow for the near real-time detection of local anddistant earthquakes their locations and magnitudes and thecreation of reports and maps (including shake maps eghttpcntrmingvitenevent7073641 tab Impact) for theDPC For earthquakes in Italy the current agreement betweenINGV and DPC states that the first information with loca-tion and magnitude must be sent within the first 120 s af-ter any potentially felt earthquake in Italy More detailed in-formation follows in the next few minutes (typically 10 to15 min) during which seismologists on the duty shift reviseearthquake location and magnitude The total number of peo-ple involved in the shifts at the operational center consists of
about 120 persons including researchers technologists andtechnical staff The operations in the seismic and alert centerare organized in three shifts of four persons (two seismolo-gists a tsunami specialist and an engineer) per day In caseof need ie earthquakes above a certain threshold additionaltechnical people and earthquake or tsunami experts becomeavailable and reach the center
Earthquakes from abroad are also examined and promptlynotified to the DPC (ie M ge 50 for the Euro-Mediterraneanregion and M ge 60 globally) Above certain magnitudethreshold or upon DPC request an earthquake report is pro-duced in the first 1ndash2 h after the origin time
As an example of the operational activities during 2014more than 27 000 earthquakes have been located in Italy andsurrounding areas Slightly less than 800 earthquakes havebeen notified according to the procedure outlined above toDPC (ie M ge 25) via phone e-mail sms and publishedin quasi real-time on the web and on social networks (eg
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
36 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
Figure 5 INGV web services at httpwebservicesrmingvit
Figure 6 Surveillance operational room in Rome
41 Seismic surveillance
The seismic data flow continuously with maximum delays ofa few seconds into the INGV acquisition system in Romewhere several automatic procedures availing of the Earth-worm software package (Mele et al 2010 and referencestherein) allow for the near real-time detection of local anddistant earthquakes their locations and magnitudes and thecreation of reports and maps (including shake maps eghttpcntrmingvitenevent7073641 tab Impact) for theDPC For earthquakes in Italy the current agreement betweenINGV and DPC states that the first information with loca-tion and magnitude must be sent within the first 120 s af-ter any potentially felt earthquake in Italy More detailed in-formation follows in the next few minutes (typically 10 to15 min) during which seismologists on the duty shift reviseearthquake location and magnitude The total number of peo-ple involved in the shifts at the operational center consists of
about 120 persons including researchers technologists andtechnical staff The operations in the seismic and alert centerare organized in three shifts of four persons (two seismolo-gists a tsunami specialist and an engineer) per day In caseof need ie earthquakes above a certain threshold additionaltechnical people and earthquake or tsunami experts becomeavailable and reach the center
Earthquakes from abroad are also examined and promptlynotified to the DPC (ie M ge 50 for the Euro-Mediterraneanregion and M ge 60 globally) Above certain magnitudethreshold or upon DPC request an earthquake report is pro-duced in the first 1ndash2 h after the origin time
As an example of the operational activities during 2014more than 27 000 earthquakes have been located in Italy andsurrounding areas Slightly less than 800 earthquakes havebeen notified according to the procedure outlined above toDPC (ie M ge 25) via phone e-mail sms and publishedin quasi real-time on the web and on social networks (eg
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network 37
httpcntrmingvit wordpress google+ twitter app IOS byApple and Facebook)
Similarly notifications regarding 96 global earthquakesabove 60 in magnitude have been produced
Earthquake parameters of the events recorded by the RSNand located by the INGV monitoring center in Rome arereadily available on the web page httpcntrmingvit andin ISIDe On a routine basis the analysts of the Italian Seis-mic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano BSI) double checkthe parameters of all the recorded earthquakes by placingweights and polarity of arrivals of seismic waves and inte-grating all the data available in the acquisition system Start-ing from 2015 BSI is published every 4 months on theweb page httpcntrmingvitbsi and is available for down-load in QuakeML format For each release of the BSI isalso possible to download a technical document (in Italianpdf format) which describes the main features of the Ital-ian seismicity and seismic network and specifies the BSIworking group A DOI is assigned to each BSI release tomake easily quotable the work done by the BSI group (iedoi1013127BOLLETTINO201601)
42 Tsunami alert
In 2013 the Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro AllertaTsunami CAT) was established at the INGV headquarters inRome CAT is an internal structure of INGV with the tasks ofdeveloping the Italian Tsunami Service Provider (TSP) andof assessing the National Tsunami Hazard Map In 2014 therequired software and the data acquisition systems were pro-totyped engineered and implemented Concurrently about80 persons among researchers and technicians have beentrained to fulfill the new 247 tsunami-expert duty shift On1 October 2014 INGV started operating as cTSP within theNEAMTWS framework in pre-operational mode for its com-petence zone (the whole Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltarto the Marmara Sea included) and it has been very recentlyapproved as TSP The Italian-TSP is located in the ldquoseismicmonitoring centerrdquo at the INGV headquarters in Rome and itbenefits of the existing physical infrastructure and human re-sources In fact the personnel trained for Tsunami alert par-ticipate also to the seismic surveillance shifts and the oper-ations of the Italian-TSP have been integrated with those ofseismic surveillance that INGV provides to DPC
INGV receives real-time seismic data recorded by about400 stations distributed worldwide through several institu-tions (GFZ NOA CENtre drsquoAlerte aux Tsunamis-CENALTIRIS NEIC INGV) Seismic data are continuously and au-tomatically analyzed by Early-Est a software jointly devel-oped by ALomax Scientific and INGV (Bernardi et al 2015and references therein httpearly-estrmingvitwarninghtml) that performs seismic detection location and magni-tude estimation Once an earthquake is detected a softwareprocedure is triggered automatically to produce dependingon earthquake hypocenter and magnitude a tsunami alert
message that personnel on duty swiftly verifies and then de-livers to a pre-defined list of recipients (ie Countries thatsubscribed the service DPC international institutions and tothe other cTSPs and TSPs)
INGV also receives in (quasi) real-time sea level datarecorded by hundreds of tide-gauges distributed worldwidethrough the Sea Level Monitoring Facility of IOC In addi-tion the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Am-bientale (ISPRA the institution managing and operating theItalian National Mareographic Network) sends to INGV thesea level data of their stations distributed along the coast ofItaly These data can be analyzed by the tsunami expert onduty to confirm (or cancel) the tsunami alert messages issuedpreviously
Since the end of 2014 several hundreds of M 55+ havebeen analyzed on the global scale along with assessmentof their tsunamigenic potential This activity is performed intraining mode with messages and reports distributed only in-ternally to warrant through continuous monitoring readinessand efficiency in case of an event in the Euro-Mediterraneanarea For the most important events such as the 83 Mw(16 September 2015 225433 UTC) Coquimbo earthquakein Chile and the following tsunamis further reports includ-ing tsunami simulations have been produced and both sent toDPC and published on the INGV website
5 Conclusive remarks
The Italian national seismic network is part of the earth-quake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems ofthe INGV An efficient and rapid real-time monitoring sys-tem producing epicenter Ml shake maps etc is fundamen-tal for the Italian DPC to lead the rescue teams quickly to theright place and reduce the number of fatalities in earthquakedisasters The monitoring networks are also powerful toolsfor scientific research At international level (European andGlobal) real-time data sharing among countries is improv-ing as well as the collaboration between the various Euro-pean and International centers INGV is a fundamental part-ner in two European projects EPOS (European Plate Observ-ing System httpswwwepos-iporg) currently in the im-plementation phase aims at creating a pan-European infras-tructure for solid Earth science to support a safe and sustain-able society and ARISTOTLE Project (All Risk IntegratedSystem TOwards Trans-boundary hoListic Early-warninghttparistotleingvit) just started in 2016 for providing ex-pert scientific judgment to the Emergency Response Coordi-nation Centre (ERCC) for its prompt response to meteo andgeo natural disasters
6 Data availability
The work presented in this article does not rely on any spe-cific data sets Rather this article presents primarily the ac-
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
38 A Michelini et al The Italian National Seismic Network
tivities of the INGV ldquoCentro Nazionale Terremotirdquo respon-sible for the acquisition and distribution of several data setsthrough several databases that are either property of INGVor they are federated to All the relevant sources of data areeither cited in the text or accessible through the proper DOIin the references We note that some DBs include not onlyINGV data but also data from other networks as it is detailedin the associated citations (eg ESM working group 2015ITACA working group 2016 INGV RING Working Group2016) or cited websites (eg httpwwworfeus-euorgdataeidanetworks)
Acknowledgements This article follows from the presentationgiven at EGU 2016 session ldquoImproving seismic networks perfor-mances from site selection to data integrationrdquo and the authorshiptherein In addition we thank all INGV staff (technicians analystspeople on duty for the seismic and tsunami surveillance colleaguesfrom the different INGV offices) that in the last years deployedseismic stations analyzed seismic data and developed the Italianmonitoring and surveillance system In particular we thank Fab-rizio Bernardi Aladino Govoni Stefano Lorito Alessio Piatanesiand Fabrizio Romano for their fundamental contribution to thedevelopment of the tsunami alert system at INGV This studywas funded by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri ndashDipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) This paper does notnecessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies
Edited by D PesaresiReviewed by I Bondar M Popa and one anonymous referee
References
Amato A and Mele F M Performance of the INGV NationalSeismic Network from 1997 to 2007 Annals of Geophysics 51417ndash431 doi104401ag-4454 2008
Amato A Badiali L Cattaneo M Delladio A Doumaz F andMele F M The real-time earthquake monitoring system in ItalyGeacuteosciences ndash Reacutevue du BRGM No 4 2006 httphdlhandlenet21222574 (last access 20 October 2016) 2006
Avallone A Selvaggi G DrsquoAnastasio E DrsquoAgostino NPietrantonio G Riguzzi F Serpelloni E Anzidei M Ca-sula G Cecere G DrsquoAmbrosio C De Martino P DevotiR Falco L Mattia M Rossi M Obrizzo F Tammaro Uand Zarrilli L The RING network improvement of a GPS ve-locity field in Central Mediterranean Annals of Geophysics 53doi104401ag-4549 2010
Bernardi F Lomax A Michelini A Lauciani V Piatanesi Aand Lorito S Appraising the Early-est earthquake monitoringsystem for tsunami alerting at the Italian Candidate TsunamiService Provider Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 15 2019ndash2036doi105194nhess-15-2019-2015 2015
ESM working group Engineering Strong-Motion database version10 doi1013127ESM 2015
INGV RING Working Group Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS(RING) [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolo-gia (INGV) doi1013127RING 2016
INGV Seismological Data Centre Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italydoi1013127SDX0FXnH7QfY 1997
ISIDe working group Italian Seismological Instrumental and para-metric Data-base version 10 doi1013127ISIDe 2016
ITACA working group ITalian ACcelerometric Archive version21 doi1013127ITACA21 2016
Mazza S Basili A Andrea Bono Valentino Lauciani MandielloA G Marcocci C Mele F M Pintore S Quintiliani MScognamiglio L and Selvaggi G AIDA ndash Seismic data ac-quisition processing storage and distribution at the NationalEarthquake Center INGV Annals of Geophysics 55 54ndash548doi104401ag-6145 2012
Mele F M Bono A Lauciani V Mandiello A Marcocci CPintore S Quintiliani M Scognamiglio L and Mazza STuning an earthworm phase picker some considerations on thepick_ew parameters Rapporti tecnci INGV no 164 2010
