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The Jackson Era1829-1837
First, a JQA flyby
John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) “The Corrupt Bargain”
Henry Clay
Adams lost to Jackson after one term.
JQA
Jacksonian Democracy
National Convention Instead of members of Congress choosing
Presidential candidates (caucus system), national nominating conventions began – opening up the process to common citizens
Secret Ballot Early forms of today’s secret ballots began
under Jackson’s presidency
Jacksonian Democracy
No property requirement: By the mid 1820’s, most states had eliminated
the ownership of property as a requirement for voting, many more Americans could then participate
Spoils System: “To the victor go the spoils” Jackson supported the idea of appointing loyal
party supporters to officeVeto power:
Jackson used the checks and balances power to veto more than all previous Presidents combined
The Bank War
The Bank War
Background: Most Southern and Western states opposed the idea of
a National Bank. Jackson felt he had a responsibility to the people to bring and end to it.
What Happened: When the issue came up to extend the provisions of the
national bank for another 20 years, Jackson vetoed it and pulled all the federal money from it
Wildcat Banks – Jackson took deposits from the Bank of the US and put them in state banks – thus killing the Bank of the United States
The Nullification Crisis
A battle of a state’s right to not obey a federal law
Tariff of 1828:
A tariff was placed on all imports into the country This caused an increase in the price of manufactured
products States hurt most by this called it the “Tariff of
Abominations” (South Carolina)
The Nullification Crisis
States’ Rights Argument
Led by John C. Calhoun South Carolina argued that a state had the right
to “nullify” (ignore) any federal law that they saw as unconstitutional
They said that since they originally agreed to form a nation, they also then had the right to break away or ignore the nation’s laws
The Nullification Crisis
Force Bill Congress gave Jackson the power to use any
means necessary to force South Carolina to pay the tariff
Resolution Jackson eventually lowered the amount of the
tariff South Carolina withdrew it’s nullification
Indian Removal Act
In the 1830’s, President Jackson began the forced movement of native populations to the Great Plains area.
Worchester v. Georgia – the Cherokee went to the Supreme Court in order to prevent the state of Georgia from taking their land. They won the case, but Presidents Jackson and Van Buren ignored the ruling
Trail of Tears (1838)
Cherokee Nation wins Worcester case but Jackson orders them removed anyway
Cherokee are marched nearly 1,000 miles from GA to Oklahoma
¼ die along the way
Trail of Tears
Recap
Would you campaign for or against a third term for Andrew Jackson?
“Old Hickory” vs. “King Andrew I” 1) Classify as positive or negative each of
Jackson’s actions as president. Explain your reasoning. Lots of popular support in most open election to date
justified his decisions Spoils system Veto-happy
Destroyed national bank Handling of nullification crisis Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears
2) Compose a campaign slogan either for or against Jackson.