Jacksonian Years

The Jacksonian Era1824-1840

1Growing EqualityMore people gaining suffrageThe right to voteStates begin easing voter requirementsWomen, Native Americans, and most African Americans could not vote

--During 1820, More people get the right to vote.--US growing rapidly, more states joining, more people eager to participate in elections--Western states allow voting without property ownershipWhite men over 21 could vote--Most Eastern states begin dropping property requirementShop keepers, craftsworkers could vote--Before 1830s, 28%, after 58%, 1840s 80%

--As more white men gain voting privileges, free African Americans are losing it--Most northern states allowed free African Americans to voteIn some states (NY), African Americans had to own property to vote2Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

3Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

4Bonus QuestionIn your notebook, quickly write down a guess as to what percentage of eligible voters actually voted in the last Presidential Election (2012).Whoever is closestwill get two bonus points on yesterday's test.5Voter Turnout (2000-2012)2000: 50.3 %2004: 55.7 %2008: 57.1%2012: 57.5 %6Election of 1824Henry Clay[KY]John Quincy Adams[MA]Andrew Jackson[TN]

William Crawford[GA]

Four CandidatesEach represented different parts of the country

--All members of old republican party--Each had support in different part of countryClay and JacksonWestAdamsNorth New EnglandCrawfordSouth (Becomes too ill to campaign)

AdamsHarvard Graduate, Secretary of state, ended war of 1812Most experience in politics and foreign affairsIntelligent, high moralsUncomfortable campaigning among common people, seemed coldClayspeaker of house, shrewd negotiator, less popular than JacksonLoved to drink and gambleGift for Speechmaking, energetic and charmingJacksonWar hero, seen as man of the peopleborn in a log cabin, parents were poor immigrant farmersLoved and was loved by small farmersBrilliant and popular general throughout the country, War of 1812, Indians and FloridaOpponents thought that he was poorly educated, rough-neckInsulted him, Jackson did not use same tactic, relied on popularity

71824Election

--First time we dont have a Revolutionary leader as president--Marked the end of the Era of Good Feelings--Economic problems, the spread of slavery, political disputes--No one wins majority in electoral college, 131 votes

8The Corrupt BargainNo clear winner emerged from the electionJackson won popular voteHouse of Representatives decidesHenry Clay urged House to vote for John Quincy AdamsAs President, Adams names Clay Secretary of StateJackson accuses them of make a corrupt bargain

--no candidate won the majority vote, more than half of the electoral votes--Clay speaker of the House, out of the election (lowest number of votes)was able to influence the results--Jackson was his biggest opponent from the West, had a chance to be rid of him--Jackson and supporters upset, believe that winner of popular vote should get position--Become even angrier when Clay named S. o. S. --Seemed like Adams was naming a successor.--Jackson and his supporters are furious, accuse Adams and Clay of stealing election--Nation is not happy9Adams: Unpopular PresidentAmericans angry about possible corruptionAdams wanted government to pay for internal improvementsAmericans and Congress object to spending the money

--Election angered many Americans--wanted to improve economy by having federal government pay for internal improvements--Pay for new Roads and Canals--Develop Clays American system--Favored arts and sciences, building national universities and observatories for space observation--Most Americans objected spending the money on his programsClay also unpopularAmerican System unpopularFeared federal government would become to powerful--Miserable 4 years as president--Very much like George W. BushTried to prove that father was right10New Political Parties_____Whigs____Supported Adams and his programsMore powerful Federal GovernmentMiddleclass and rich___Democrats___Jackson Supporters States rightsFrontiers farmers and workers

--New political parties grew out of conflict between Jackson and Adams.--Both believed that they were true JeffersoniansWhigs--National republicans, the Adams party--wanted to improve nationDemocrats--Jacksonians, Democratic Republicans--Less powerful Federal Govt

111828 Election Results

--Andrew Jackson and John Q. Adams--Campaign focus was not on politics but personal character

Adamscorrupt, elitist, snobby

Jacksondangerous military chieftain/rulerAs president, would become dictator like Napoleon Bonaparte

Jackson winsSupported by thousands of 1st time voters1824-350,000 voters1828-1.1 million

12The Common Mans Presidential Candidate

13President Andrew JacksonAdmired by manyWar heroHelped us get FloridaNicknamesOld HickoryKing Andrew

--Self-made man, Parents die before age 15, grew up quick--Join patriots during American Revolution at 13Captured by BritishBritish officer ordered him to shine shoes, refusesCut hand and face--Studied Law, became successful lawyer and became wealthy buying an selling land in South--fought in War of 1812--Fought Indians in Florida--Old HickoryName given by troops he commanded, As tough as Hickory--King Andrew--Many called Jackson a Dangerous man--Uncouth, brash, impatient, aggressive, loud--Love him or Hate him--Wanted people to call him general not Mr. president--Chewed tobacco, smoked a pipe--Bar room brawler, gambler, brought race horses to White House--A duelist, like to duel, had two bullets in him--Furious temper14Vocabulary for JacksonEgalitarian: Supporter of equal rights in generalExecutive deference to legislative supremacy: The president doing whatever Congress wantsSpecial interests: Groups that try to influence policies (tobacco companies, Big business today)Bureaucracy: All of the smaller positions/pieces that help an organization operatePurging: Getting rid ofSycophant: A "Yes-Man"Sovereignty: To have power/authority over a certain place15Spoils SystemJackson fires @ 200 government employeesReplaced with his own supporters

Many were ordinary citizens with no political backgroundTo the Victor Belong the SpoilsBelief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

--Jackson new that people wanted change, reform--Typical of presidents to replace staff but Jackson took it to another level, becomes official policy--Criticsrewarding democrats who supported him rather than choosing qualified men--Jacksonserving democracy by letting more citizens take part in government--rotation, prevents a small group of wealthy individuals from controlling government--Ordinary people could fill government jobsjobs of public officials are so easy, that anyone with simple intelligence could do it--Went through 4 Secretaries of States, 5 Secretaries of Treasury16Native AmericansAmericans wanted Indian landsFertileGold DiscoveredCongress passes Indian Removal Act, 1830set land aside out west for Indians to relocateIndians refuse to move

--Indian land was fertile, also found gold--Cant have a growing democratic republic without ability to expand--Northern Indians move peacefully--Southern Indians refuse--Indians believed that land should be shared--In order to keep land, Indians believed they had to adapt white mans way of life.became ordinary citizens, asked by jeffersonHad newspapers, learned to read and write, adopted alphabet, wore European clothing, set up town meetings/councils, mayor.--Still had to go despite efforts to fit in.--Georgia was for us, not them17Trail of TearsNative Americans forced to move west of the MississippiUS Army used to drive 15,000 Indians westWalked hundreds of miles for monthsThousands die, mostly children and elderlyBecomes known as Trail of Tears--All Indians moved, except Cherokee--Jackson pushed through removal Act--Left with only the clothes on their backsForced to march westhomes left for pillagers--Forced to travel by foot 1000 miles, takes 116 days--Indians dies of diseases and illnesses,Cholera, dehydration, small pox1 out of 4 die--Soldiers refuse to stop for rest--Jackson called Jack-si-naJackson the devil--Long journey becomes known as trail of tears--Is this Ethnic Cleansing?--Is America the moral Country we think it is??--Jackson Dies at 78 of heart failure and chronic tuberculosis18

Indian Removal19Learning Target:

Champion of the Common Man?KingAndrew?OR20Assassination Attempt

--Richard Lawrence, unemployed and deranged house painter--Shoots at Jackson with two guns--Both miss fire--Jackson beats Lawrence with cane--Seen as Miracle--Gun tested, never misfired

21

--Indian land was fertile, also found gold--Cant have a growing democratic republic without ability to expand--Northern Indians move peacefully--Southern Indians refuse--Indians believed that land should be shared--In order to keep land, Indians beleved they had to adapt white mans way of life.became ordinary citizens, asked by jeffersonHad newspapers, learned to read and write, adopted alphabet, wore European clothing, set up town meetings/councils, mayor.--Still had to go despite efforts to fit in.--Georgia was for us, not them22Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

23Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844

1767 - 1845

24The industrial revolution in the united states1789: Samuel Slater smuggled machinery plans into U.S. for textile factories 1793: Eli Whitney invents cotton gin Early 1800s: Steamboats and Railroads Using coal for steam powerClermont: Robert Fultons first practical steamboatMost manufacturing occurs in the Northeast. Similar working conditions and issues as Great BritainThe two distinct economies in the United States would further divide the U.S. between North and South leading into the Civil War.The Northern SectionLowell, MA becomes first Mill Town Hire single women seeking income before marriage Life revolves around factory; live, eat, sleep, work togetherUrban population increases Farming opportunity limited, too many people & no landPeople move to cities looking for factory work (steady $)Labor Unions; Organization of workers formed to protect their common interestsProtested long hours & low wagesUsed strikesGenerally failed; Factory owners won court cases, financial panics unemployed willing to work for cheap

Tenements of Boston

The Southern SectionRemained mostly rural, based on farmingCotton is King but not only cropCotton gin increased output & created some larger plantationsRelied on Northern banks and textile factories Relied on slaves for extremely cheap laborViewed as propertyImporting slaves became illegal in 1808, but internal trade and keeping children kept slave population rising Rebellions Tightened laws regarding education for slaves etc. Denmark Vesey in SC, Nat Turner in VAImmigration in the 1840s & 1850sMostly Irish and GermansCauses:Demand for cheap labor Irish Potato famine, Failed rebellions in todays GermanyLower cost of travel Effects:Differences & tensions: Irish Catholics disliked by protestants, American workers lost jobsMany labor unions dissolveAnti-immigrationists form American Republican Party