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T H E J O U R N E Y O F D I G E ST I V E S Y S T E M - Y O U T U B E
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
I. OVERVIEW
* break down food into small molecules that can be ABSORBED and used by cells in the body
* ALIMENTARY CANAL is 9 m long
II. MOUTH
* MECHANICAL & CHEMICAL digestion
* enzymes in saliva (ex. AMYLASE breaks down starch)
* BOLUS - ball of chewed food
III. ESOPHAGUS
* PERISTALSIS moves food by muscle contractions (contract & relax)
IV. STOMACH
* PEPSIN, HCl acid, & mucus – CHEMICAL digestion
* PROTEIN DIGESTION STARTS HERE!!! (add this)
* CHYME – THIN, SOUPY LIQUID
V. SMALL INTESTINE
* covered w/ VILLI (fingerlike projections lined with capillaries; increases SURFACE AREA)
* nutrients absorbed INTO BLOOD (CARBS & PROTEINS)
* JEJUNUM, duodenum, & ileum
VI. LARGE INTESTINE
* water, cellulose, & other UNDIGESTABLEsubstances left behind
* WATER reabsorbed & VITAMINS absorbed
* NO DIGESTION TAKES PLACE!!!
* FECES formed – stored in RECTUM - eliminated through ANUS
VII. ACCESSORY ORGANS
A. PANCREAS* pancreatic juice w/ENZYMES
(pancreatic DUCT delivers to small intestine)
* neutralizes STOMACH ACID
B. LIVER* produces BILE (breaks down fats)
C. GALLBLADDER* stores BILE
My X Ray swallows – YouTube
Peristaltic Wave in the Gastric Antrum – YouTube
Peristalsis... what your insides do that you can't see – YouTube
Peristalsis after a PB &J sandwuch - YouTube
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
I. OVERVIEW
* maintain HOMEOSTASIS by removing WASTE products from the BLOOD, regulate blood VOLUME, & maintain pH
I. SKIN
* excrete SWEAT – water, salts, UREA
UREA???
* produced when the liver breaks down protein * average person excretes about 30 grams of
urea a day, mostly through urine, but a small amount is also secreted in perspiration
* one million pounds of urea is manufactured in the U.S. each year, most of it used in fertilizers
* used commercially and industrially to produce some types of plastics, animal feed, glues, toilet bowl cleaners, dish washing machine detergents, hair coloring products, pesticides, and fungicides
II. LUNGS
* excrete CARBON DIOXIDE
III. KIDNEYS
* blood cleaned & FILTERED (every 45 min. all blood)
* URINE = urea, water, & other waste* made up of millions of NEPHRONS
- filtration, REABSORPTION, secretion
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UROPHAGIA (ewww…gross!!!)
* Urophagia is the consumption of urine* Urine, which consists almost entirely of water, is
completely sterile when it leaves the body.* auto-urine therapy is said to boost the immune
system, cure migraines and other chronic conditions, stave off a cold and work wonders on eyesight problems; can work wonders on skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis; can apply it directly for athlete's foot, bee stings and jellyfish stings; you can gargle it for toothache and gum disease.
* Bacterial infections of the urinating person's urethra, or disease in the person urinating may pose a risk.