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THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family...

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THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18
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Page 1: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS

Chapter 18

Page 2: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy,

Connected Family Handsome Catholic

Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble Means “Tricky Dick” Quaker

John F. Kennedy Richard M. Nixon

Page 3: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Election

1960 Elections first to have televised debates

Kennedy & Nixon Debates Kennedy had Hollywood

producers to coach Makeup, suit, speaking

Nixon refused makeup, grey suit Kennedy played on Cold War

Fears claiming the US had fallen behind in the Arms Race – said Eisenhower not doing enough

Also championed the poor: 17 million hungry

Page 4: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Camelot

Jack & Jackie Photographs

showed JFK strong, athletic, handsome

Young, beautiful wife Jackie (31)

Two small children (first in White House since 1908)

Page 5: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

NEW FRONTIER (536-537) JFK’s plan to change the nation

Tried to reduce taxes – congress said no Federal aid to education – congress said no Cancelled government contracts with steel

companies to lower prices Area Redevelopment Act of 1961- financial

assistance to economically distressed regions Minimum wage raised from $1.00 $1.25

SPACE PROGRAM: we were losing in the Space Race Sets the goal of landing on the moon before the

decade is up – it would be an accomplishment for the entire nation

John Glenn: First American to Orbit Earth

Page 6: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

WARREN COURT

Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren

Made many reforms BROWN V. BOARD

OF EDUCATION – desegregate schools

MIRANDA V. ARIZONA – right to a lawyer

ENGEL V. VITALE – banned prayer/Bible reading in schools

Page 7: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Foreign Affairs

1959 FIDEL CASTRO overthrows Fulgencio Batista (US backed Cuban Dictator)

Takes over Private Business Makes Anti-American

Speeches Signed trade agreement with

the USSR CIA believed an invasion of

Cuba would inspire Cubans to rise up

Eisenhower Okayed the operation (about to leave office)

Page 8: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Foreign Affairs

1960: Kennedy learns of a plan to train Cuban Exiles to invade Cuba

Kennedy in tough spot: to invade, or not to invade?

CIA assures Kennedy that the plan will succeed

JFK gave the go-ahead

Page 9: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

BAY OF PIGS INVASION

No secret “The Perfect Failure”

April 15:Cuban Exiles, fly bomber planes and attack Cuban airfields, Cuban Exiles also invade beaches

April 17:US Navy ships assist Cuban Brigade, but don’t fight Cuban Forces, led by Fidel Castro, sink 2 ships, and capture 1,200 men

Page 10: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Outcome

JFK took the blame – got respect from the people

Collins Type II – Write an article! Describe the Bay of Pigs Invasion What was the lead up to the event? What happened? What was the outcome? What do YOU think??

Page 11: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Vienna Conference

JFK invited Khrushchev to meet with him in Vienna, Austria in June 1961 to ease tensions

Khrushchev demanded: US and allies recognize

Communist East Germany as an independent nation

Withdraw from West Berlin

Page 12: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Vienna Conference

West Berlin was an “island of freedom” surrounded by East Germany 3.5 Million East Germans

escaped through West Berlin

JFK & advisors afraid East Germany would use force to regain West Berlin Called reserves into

active duty, built nuclear shelters in US, troop buildup in West Germany

Page 13: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Berlin Wall

August 13, 1961: Khrushchev closed crossing points between East and West Berlin

Within hours 25,000 troops were in place to guard a barbed wire barrier around West Berlin

A proper wall soon followed: 97 miles around the three Western Sectors, 27 miles between West & East Berlin

No Mans Land in Between

Page 14: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Collins Type II – Write a letter

What was the Berlin Wall? What led up to its

being built? What was its

purpose? How will it affect

East & West Germans?

Page 15: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Cuban Missile Crisis

US actions at the Bay of Pigs and Berlin Crisis encouraged USSR to become more aggressive

Khrushchev pledged to defend Cuba USSR concerned about nuclear missiles

placed in Turkey Convinced Castro to allow Surface - to – air

missiles (SAM) and nuclear missiles in Cuba

JFK accused of being “soft on communism”

Page 16: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK ordered U-2 spy planes to fly over Cuba 1962: photos showed the building of SAMs JFK’s advisors advised an airstrike

Followed by an invasion Act of war

Robert McNamara & Robert Kennedy wanted a naval blockade This would be an act of war too, less threatening

JFK chose blockade For two days the US prepared for war as Soviet

ships sailed for Cuba – Khrushchev said if we try to stop them, WAR!

Page 17: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Khrushchev wrote a letter…

Offering to remove the missiles if the US promised to never invade Cuba

Then he wrote another letter demanding the US pull missiles out of Turkey JFK ignored the second letter Secretly, Robert Kennedy promised we would take

missiles out This is the closest the world has ever come to

nuclear war JFK & Khrushchev installed a hotline so they could

communicate directly LIMITED TEST BAN TREATY: end testing nuclear

weapons in the atmosphere & underwater

Page 18: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

13 Days

John F. Kennedy – President Robert Kennedy – Attorney

General Kenny O’Donnell - Advisor Robert McNamara –

Secretary of Defense Dean Atcheson – Secretary

of State under Truman Adlai Stevenson –

Ambassador to the UN

Page 19: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

November 22, 1963

JFK went to Dallas to campaign for the 1964 election Rode in a convertible LEE HARVEY OSWALD shot Kennedy from the 6th

floor of the Texas School Book Depository Two days later Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON gave the oath of office

on Air Force One Set up the WARREN COMMISSION TO INVESTIGATE

JFK’S DEATH “The legacy of hope died with him. You never had

that same sense again that we were moving forward.”

Page 20: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

LBJ – Lyndon Baines Johnson

Powerful Senator from Texas Hated being VP “It was my duty to carry on” what

JFK had planned Master Legislator – used the

JOHNSON TREATMENT WAR ON POVERTY GREAT SOCIETY: DOMESTIC

PROGRAMS , AIMS TO END POVERTY AND RACIAL INJUSTICE

MEDICAID: healthcare for poor MEDICARE: healthcare for 65+ DAISY AD: election of 1964

Beat Barry Goldwater

Page 21: THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS Chapter 18. Democrat Junior Senator Young: 43 Wealthy, Connected Family Handsome Catholic Republican VP Youngish: 47 Humble.

Turn to Page 546

Look at the Major Great Society Programs Chart

Write a Collins Type II: What was the Great Society & its

aims Use three examples from chart to

describe its goals (underline examples!)


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